1、IEEE Std 686-2008(Revision of IEEE Std 686-1997)IEEE Standard Radar DefinitionsIEEE3 Park Avenue New York, NY 10016-5997, USA21 May 2008IEEE Aerospace and Electronic Systems Society Sponsored by theRadar Systems Panel686TMIEEE Std 686-2008 (Revision of IEEE Std 686-1997) IEEE Standard Radar Definiti
2、ons Sponsor Radar Systems Panel of the IEEE Aerospace and Electronic Systems Society Approved 26 March 2008 IEEE-SA Standards Board Abstract: Definitions are provided for the purpose of promoting clarity and consistency in the use of radar terminology. The definitions represent the consensus of a pa
3、nel of radar experts. Keywords: radar, terminology The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. 3 Park Avenue, New York, NY 10016-5997, USA Copyright 2008 by the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. All rights reserved. Published 21 May 2008. Printed in the United S
4、tates of America. IEEE is a registered trademark in the U.S. Patent +1 978 750 8400. Permission to photocopy portions of any individual standard for educational classroom use can also be obtained through the Copyright Clearance Center. iv Copyright 2008 IEEE. All rights reserved. Introduction This i
5、ntroduction is not part of IEEE Std 686-2008, IEEE Standard Radar Definitions. Originally, radar definitions were included in IEEE Std 172-1971 B6.aIn 1974, the Radar Systems Panel of the IEEE Aerospace and Electronic Systems Society set out to create a separate standard devoted to radar definitions
6、. The result was the first edition of this standard, IEEE Std 686-1977. In order to avoid overlap and conflict with the radar definitions existing in IEEE Std 172-1971, the IEEE Standards Board allowed only new terms, not already in that standard, to be included in IEEE Std 686-1977. The second edit
7、ion, IEEE Std 686-1982, included terms formerly found in IEEE Std 172-1971, with the exception of a few terms that are common to both fields, and new and updated terms. IEEE Std 686-1982 updated, added, and/or deleted standard radar definitions. The third edition, IEEE Std 686-1990, and the fourth e
8、dition, IEEE Std 686-1997, added and/or deleted standard radar definitions. IEEE Std 686-2008 adds new terms, revises others, and deletes a number of obsolete terms that no longer appear in radar literature or usage. As radar technology and literature evolve, new terms will appear; further updating
9、at approximately five-year intervals is planned. The work of preparing the drafts of this standard, integrating all comments, resolving differences, and coordinating this standard with other standards was accomplished by the Working Group for the Radar Systems Panel of the IEEE Aerospace and Electro
10、nic Systems Society. In particular, radar definitions common to ultrawideband radar were coordinated with the UWB Radar Committee for IEEE Std 1672. Notice to users Laws and regulations Users of these documents should consult all applicable laws and regulations. Compliance with the provisions of thi
11、s standard does not imply compliance to any applicable regulatory requirements. Implementers of the standard are responsible for observing or referring to the applicable regulatory requirements. IEEE does not, by the publication of its standards, intend to urge action that is not in compliance with
12、applicable laws, and these documents may not be construed as doing so. Copyrights This document is copyrighted by the IEEE. It is made available for a wide variety of both public and private uses. These include both use, by reference, in laws and regulations, and use in private self-regulation, stan
13、dardization, and the promotion of engineering practices and methods. By making this document available for use and adoption by public authorities and private users, the IEEE does not waive any rights in copyright to this document. aThe numbers in brackets correspond to those of the bibliography in A
14、nnex A. v Copyright 2008 IEEE. All rights reserved. Updating of IEEE documents Users of IEEE standards should be aware that these documents may be superseded at any time by the issuance of new editions or may be amended from time to time through the issuance of amendments, corrigenda, or errata. An
15、official IEEE document at any point in time consists of the current edition of the document together with any amendments, corrigenda, or errata then in effect. In order to determine whether a given document is the current edition and whether it has been amended through the issuance of amendments, co
16、rrigenda, or errata, visit the IEEE Standards Association web site at http:/ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/standards.jsp, or contact the IEEE at the address listed previously. For more information about the IEEE Standards Association or the IEEE standards development process, visit the IEEE-SA web site at
17、http:/standards.ieee.org. Errata Errata, if any, for this and all other standards can be accessed at the following URL: http:/standards.ieee.org/reading/ieee/updates/errata/index.html. Users are encouraged to check this URL for errata periodically. Interpretations Current interpretations can be acce
18、ssed at the following URL: http:/standards.ieee.org/reading/ieee/interp/ index.html. Patents Attention is called to the possibility that implementation of this standard may require use of subject matter covered by patent rights. By publication of this standard, no position is taken with respect to t
19、he existence or validity of any patent rights in connection therewith. The IEEE is not responsible for identifying Essential Patent Claims for which a license may be required, for conducting inquiries into the legal validity or scope of Patents Claims or determining whether any licensing terms or co
20、nditions provided in connection with submission of a Letter of Assurance, if any, or in any licensing agreements are reasonable or non-discriminatory. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any patent rights, and the risk of infringement of such rights, is
21、 entirely their own responsibility. Further information may be obtained from the IEEE Standards Association. vi Copyright 2008 IEEE. All rights reserved. Participants At the time this standard was completed, the Terminology Committee had the following membership: Hugh Griffiths, Chair Dale A. Ausher
22、man Serpil Ayasli Chris Baker David K. Barton Eli Brookner Joseph A. Bruder Leo Cantafio Gerald E. Crain G. Richard Curry Mark E. Davis James K. Day Eric Evans Alfonso Farina Ellen Ferraro Jim Fritsch Charlie Gager Scott Goldstein Marshall Greenspan Joseph Guerci Robert T. Hill Braham Himed Paul K.
23、Hughes Porter Hull Stephen L. Johnston Adam Kozma James Kurtz Francois Le Chevalier Russell Lefevre John Milan Robert McMillan Eric L. Mokole Muralidhar Rangaswamy William Skillman John Kent Smith Joseph Teti Robert N. Trebits Gerard Trunk Harold Ward Simon Watts Iram Weinstein Michael Wicks The fol
24、lowing members of the individual balloting committee voted on this standard. Balloters may have voted for approval, disapproval, or abstention. William J. Ackerman J. Bruder Walter Buga Weijen Chen Francois Le Chevalier Keith Chow Tommy Cooper Gerald Crain Mark E. Davis James K. Day Michael Geipel I
25、zidor C. Gertner Jalal Gohari Arnold Greenspan Hugh D. Griffiths Randall Groves Gary Heuston Werner Hoelzl David Horvath Efthymios G. Karabetsos Russell Lefevre William Lumpkins G. Luri Edward Mccall John Milan Eric L. Mokole Thomas Mullins Matthew G. Noury Subburajan Ponnuswamy Robert Robinson Fern
26、ando Lucas Rodriguez Bartien Sayogo Gil Shultz John Kent Smith Thomas Starai Walter Struppler Mark Sturza Marcy Stutzman James D. Taylor Joseph Teti Mark A. Tillinghast Robert N. Trebits John Vergis Barry Wallen Simon Watts Iram Weinstein Oren Yuen David Zasadavii Copyright 2008 IEEE. All rights res
27、erved. When the IEEE-SA Standards Board approved this standard on 26 March 2008, it had the following membership: Robert M. Grow, Chair Thomas A. Prevost, Vice Chair Steve M. Mills, Past Chair Judith Gorman, Secretary Victor Berman Richard DeBlasio Andy Drozd Mark Epstein Alexander Gelman William R.
28、 Goldbach Arnold M. Greenspan Kenneth S. Hanus Jim Hughes Richard H. Hulett Young Kyun Kim Joseph L. Koepfinger* John Kulick David J. Law Glenn Parsons Ronald C. Petersen Chuck Powers Narayanan Ramachandran Jon Walter Rosdahl Anne-Marie Sahazizia Malcolm V. Thaden Howard L. Wolfman Donald F. Wright*
29、Member Emeritus Also included are the following nonvoting IEEE-SA Standards Board liaisons: Satish K. Aggarwal, NRC Representative Michael H. Kelley, NIST Representative Don Messina IEEE Standards Program Manager, Document Development Soo Kim IEEE Standards Program Manager, Technical Program Develop
30、ment viii Copyright 2008 IEEE. All rights reserved. Contents 1. Overview.1 1.1 Scope1 1.2 Purpose.1 2. Radar definitions (and acronyms) .2 Annex A (informative) Bibliography41 1 Copyright 2008 IEEE. All rights reserved. IEEE Standard Radar Definitions IMPORTANT NOTICE: This standard is not intended
31、to assure safety, security, health, or environmental protection in all circumstances. Implementers of the standard are responsible for determining appropriate safety, security, environmental, and health practices or regulatory requirements. This IEEE document is made available for use subject to imp
32、ortant notices and legal disclaimers. These notices and disclaimers appear in all publications containing this document and may be found under the heading “Important Notice” or “Important Notices and Disclaimers Concerning IEEE Documents.” They can also be obtained on request from IEEE or viewed at
33、http:/standards.ieee.org/IPR/ disclaimer.html. 1. Overview 1.1 Scope This standard is devoted to providing radar definitions. The standard includes terms formerly found in IEEE Std 172-1971 B6,1with the exception of a few terms that are common in both fields, and new and updated terms. IEEE Std 172-
34、1983 B7 was withdrawn in 1983. As radar technology and literature evolve, new terms will be added and obsolete terms deleted. 1.2 Purpose This standard is published for the purpose of promoting clarity and consistency in the use of radar terminology. The definitions represent the consensus of a pane
35、l of radar experts. The purpose of the revision is to add new terms, revise others, and delete a number of obsolete terms that no longer appear in radar literature or usage. 1The numbers in brackets correspond to those of the bibliography in Annex A. IEEE Std 686-2008 IEEE Standard Radar Definitions
36、 2 Copyright 2008 IEEE. All rights reserved. 2. Radar definitions (and acronyms) For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply. The Authoritative Dictionary of IEEE Standards Terms B3 should be referenced for terms not defined in this clause. acquisition: The process o
37、f establishing a stable track on a target that is detected by a radar during search or designated in one or more coordinates from another source. When designated, a search of a limited given volume of coordinate space is usually required because of errors or incompleteness of the designation. acquis
38、ition probability: The probability of establishing track on a designated target or a target detected in search. See also: tracking. active electronically scanned array (AESA) radar: A radar that uses an antenna with distributed transmit and receive elements co-located with the antenna, each of which
39、 may be individually controlled in amplitude, time delay, and/or phase providing very rapid electronic beam scanning. aided tracking: A tracking technique in which the manual correction of the tracking error corrects the rate of motion of the tracking mechanism. AI radar: See: airborne-intercept rad
40、ar. airborne early warning (AEW) radar: Describing an early-warning or air-surveillance radar carried by an airborne or spaceborne vehicle. See also: early-warning radar. NOTEThe abbreviations capitalized in this standard are in accordance with prevailing radar usage. Lowercase abbreviations are an
41、acceptable alternative (and are preferred by some authors and editors) provided they are used in a consistent manner.2airborne-intercept (AI)radar: A fire-control radar for use in interceptor aircraft. airborne moving-target indication (AMTI): See: airborne MTI. airborne moving-target indication (AM
42、TI) radar: An MTI radar flown in an aircraft or other moving platform with corrections applied for the effects of platform motion, which include the changing clutter Doppler frequency and the spread of the clutter Doppler spectrum See also: displaced phase center antenna; space-time adaptive process
43、ing; time-averaged-clutter coherent airborne radar. airport surface detection equipment (ASDE): A high-resolution radar usually located on the airport control tower or other high point and used for observation of the positions of aircraft and other vehicles on the surface of an airport. airport-surv
44、eillance radar (ASR): A medium-range (e.g., 100 km) surveillance radar used to control aircraft in the vicinity of an airport. air-route-surveillance radar (ARSR): A long-range (e.g., 350 km) surveillance radar used to control aircraft on airways beyond the coverage of airport-surveillance radar (AS
45、R). air-surveillance radar: A surveillance radar whose function is to detect and track aircraft over a volume of space. 2Notes in text, tables, and figures of a standard are given for information only and do not contain requirements needed to implement the standard. IEEE Std 686-2008 IEEE Standard R
46、adar Definitions 3 Copyright 2008 IEEE. All rights reserved. alert-confirm detection: A technique in which initial detection is followed quickly with a confirm dwell waveform optimized to the range, angle, and sometimes radial velocity of the alert detection. See also: two-step sequential detection.
47、 ambiguity function: The squared magnitude |(,fd)|2of the function that describes the response of a radar receiver to point targets displaced in range delay () and Doppler frequency (fd) from a reference position, where |(0,0)| is normalized to unity. Mathematically, += dttjftutufdd)2exp()(*)(),( wh
48、ere u(t) is the transmitted waveform, suitably normalized u*(t) is the complex conjugate of u(t) positive indicates a target beyond the reference delay positive fdindicates an approaching target The ambiguity function is used to examine the suitability of radar waveforms for achieving accuracy, reso
49、lution, freedom from ambiguities, and reduction of unwanted clutter. NOTESee also IEEE Std 1672-2006 B5. amplitude-comparison monopulse: A form of monopulse in which the angular deviation of the target from the antenna axis is measured as the amplitude ratio of the target as received by two antenna patterns. The patterns may be a pair of beams displaced on opposite sides of the antenna axis, or a difference-channel beam having odd symmetry about the axis and a sum beam having even symmetry. In the latter case the ratio may have positive and
