1、IEEE Std 287-2007(Revision ofIEEE Std 287-1968)IEEE Standard for Precision CoaxialConnectors (DC to 110 GHz)IEEE3 Park Avenue New York, NY 10016-5997, USA21 September 2007IEEE Instrumentation and Measurement SocietySponsored by theConnectors in Measurements Committee287TMIEEE Std 287TM-2007(Revision
2、 ofIEEE Std 287-1968)IEEE Standard for Precision Coaxial Connectors (DC to 110 GHz)SponsorConnectors in Measurements Committeeof theIEEE Instrumentation and Measurement SocietyApproved 22 March 2007IEEE-SA Standards BoardThe Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc.3 Park Avenue, New Y
3、ork, NY 10016-5997, USACopyright 2007 by the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc.All rights reserved. Published 21 September 2007. Printed in the United States of America.IEEE is a registered trademark in the U.S. Patent +1 978 750 8400. Permission to photocopy portions ofany indi
4、vidual standard for educational classroom use can also be obtained through the Copyright ClearanceCenter.iv Copyright 2007 IEEE. All rights reserved.IntroductionThis standard is a minimum performance requirements standard for precision coaxial connectors developedby the IEEE Subcommittee P287 of the
5、 IEEE Instrumentation and Measurement Society. IEEESubcommittee P287 was reactivated in 1988 by Robert C. Powell, Chairman I when slotted, the impedance of the section between the end of the inner conductor andthe reference plane shall be within specified limits when mated with the precision pinconn
6、ector. 2.1.3 Characteristic impedanceFor GPC connectors, stability and repeatability of impedance are prime objectives. For LPC connectors,optimum performance is the prime objective. The inner and outer conductors used in constructing aprecision connector shall have diameter and eccentricity values
7、such that their most adverse combinationshall not cause an error in the nominal characteristic impedance of more than that shown in Table 2.NOTEThe error due to the effective electrical conductivity of the conductors, including surface finish, shall beincluded in the above errors. However, due to th
8、e influence of skin effect which increases the magnitude of thecharacteristic impedance at low frequencies, it is impossible, even with zero tolerances, to comply with these accuraciesbelow certain frequencies (see Harris and Spinney B9, IEEE Std 314TM-1971 B13, Weinschel B30, B31, andWong B35).1,22
9、.1.4 Mateability and available combinationsSubclauses 2.1.4.1 through 2.1.4.4 contain mechanical requirements for both hermaphroditic and pin andsockect connectors.2.1.4.1 Outer conductorsIn all line sizes, for LPC and GPC connectors, hermaphroditic and polarized outer conductors are permitted.a) LP
10、C and GPC hermaphroditic connectors may have hermaphroditic or polarized outer conductors.The polarized and hermaphroditic outer conductors of precision connectors with hermaphroditicinner conductors shall be able to mate with one another directly. b) Pin and socket precision connectors shall mate d
11、irectly with pin and socket type general-useconnectors having an air dielectric in the mating space such as Type N, 3.5 mm, 2.92 mm, 2.4 mm,1.85 mm, and 1.0 mm (see NOTE after 2.1.4.4). 2.1.4.2 Inner conductorsIn all line sizes, for LPC and GPC connectors, hermaphroditic and polarized inner conducto
12、rs are permitted.a) The reference plane is the mating plane of the outer conductors. Table 2Maximum permitted characteristic impedance uncertaintyNominal inside diameter of outer conductor in mm14.29 7.00 3.50 2.92 2.40 1.85 1.00% LPC 0.05 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6% GPC 0.2 0.2 0.4 0.8 0.8 1.0 1.21The
13、 numbers in brackets correspond to those of the bibliography in Annex K.2Notes in text, tables, and figures are given for information only and do not contain requirements needed to implement the standard.IEEEStd 287-2007 IEEE STANDARD FOR PRECISION COAXIAL CONNECTORS4 Copyright 2007 IEEE. All rights
14、 reserved.b) The reflection coefficient of a connector with a socket inner conductor shall be independent of themating connector with a pin inner conductor. The reflection coefficient of a connector with a pininner conductor shall be independent of the mating connector with a socket inner conductor.
15、 c) GPC and LPC with a hermaphroditic inner conductor need not be able to mate directly withpolarized inner conductors of the same line size. d) If both inner and outer conductors of a GPC or LPC are polarized, their polarity shall be the same. 2.1.4.3 Hermaphroditic LPCsHermaphroditic connectors sh
16、all be used where the electrical length and characteristic impedance of theconnector needs to be known to the highest accuracy. The inner conductor is hermaphroditic. The outerconductor can be either hermaphroditic or polarized. Provision shall be made in the inner conductor of theGPC connector to s
17、upport the inner conductor of the LPC.2.1.4.4 Pin and socket precision connectorsPin and socket precision connectors mate directly with equivalent pin and socket general-use or fieldconnectors (see MIL-PRF-39012 B17), without adapters. The properties of pin and socket precisionconnectors shall not v
18、ary as they are mated with any general-use or field connectors that comply with itsstandard tolerances in interface dimensions, mating force and torque as well as the required, but often notstandardized, concentricity and surface finish.NOTEMany field connectors lack concentricity requirements. They
19、 may degrade or damage precision connectors.2.1.5 Mechanical and electrical joining planeAll contact surfaces of a mated pair of connectors shall join in the same mechanical plane determined by theouter conductors. The mechanical plane shall also be coincident with the electrical reference plane. Th
20、e onlyexception is the Type N connector of the pin and socket precision connectors, which have staggered innerand outer conductor mating planes.2.1.6 Components captive to the connectorAll components of the LPC shall be captive to the inner and outer conductor of the connector, respectively.The inne
21、r conductor alignment pin shall be retained but removable. If a polarized outer conductor is usedwith a hermaphroditic inner conductor, it may have the coupling means of the connectors detachable. Thecoupling mechanism of completely hermaphroditic types of connectors (GPC and LPC) shall be detachabl
22、e.2.1.7 Protection and maintenance of butting electric surfacesProvision shall be made to protect the unmated butting electric surfaces. It shall also be possible to repolish,relap, or replace the butting electric surfaces of the LPC.2.1.8 Subjection to axial forcesDuring and after mating, the front
23、-end butting electrical surfaces of the inner conductors of thehermaphroditic GPC shall be subjected to axial forces only. The GPC inner conductor dielectric supportshall withstand specified axial forces.2.1.9 TorqueThe detail specifications specify the range of mating torque and of the maximum torq
24、ue (i.e., safety torque),which will not cause damage.IEEEIEEE STANDARD FOR PRECISION COAXIAL CONNECTORS Std 287-2007Copyright 2007 IEEE. All rights reserved. 52.1.10 Attachment to transmission lineTo attach the rear of the connector to a transmission line, the detail specification drawings for each
25、line sizeshow the form, dimensions, and tolerances for the attachment portion of the transmission line in the detailspecification (see ANSI Y14.5M B1).2.1.11 Connector diameter tolerancesThe detail specifications list dimensional tolerances for both LPC and GPC for each standard connector.These tole
26、rances are based on best current practice and, as such, do not yield the desired characteristicimpedance accuracy in all cases. Therefore, the diameter ratio shall be selected such that the requirementsfor characteristic impedance are met.2.1.12 Protrusion for hermaphroditic inner contactsThe range
27、of protrusion of the inner conductor beyond the reference plane before mating is specified in thedetail specifications.2.1.13 Inner-conductor applied (mating) force limits2.1.13.1 For hermaphroditic inner contactsThe detail specifications provide the maximum axial displacement of the supported inner
28、-conductorresulting from the application of a specified axial force and duration.2.1.13.2 For pin and socket connectorsa) Insertion and withdrawal force, socket inner conductor. Use specified pin (see detail specificationsfor form, finish, material, and hardness). Detail specifications specify maxim
29、um insertion andwithdrawal forces, depth of penetration, rate of insertion and withdrawal. Specify maximumtemporary displacement during test and permanent displacement of socket center conductor. b) Insertion and withdrawal force, pin center conductor. For same axial forces as in item a), specifymax
30、imum temporary and permanent displacement. c) Retention force, socket inner contact. Using test pin prescribed by drawing, specify minimum axialforce for withdrawal.2.1.14 Connect/disconnect lifeThe minimum number of manual connection/disconnection operations of a connector pair under laboratorycond
31、itions that will not result in damage is given in the detail specifications. Damage is defined asnoncompliance with any specification.2.1.15 DimensionsThe critical dimensions, surface finish, and tolerances for the mating surfaces and the interface couplingmechanism are specified in the detail speci
32、fications.2.2 ElectricalSubclauses 2.2.1 through 2.2.8 contain electrical requirements for both hermaphroditic and pin and sockectconnectors.IEEEStd 287-2007 IEEE STANDARD FOR PRECISION COAXIAL CONNECTORS6 Copyright 2007 IEEE. All rights reserved.2.2.1 Reflection coefficient magnitude or return loss
33、 in decibelsThe reflection coefficient magnitude of a mated connector pair versus frequency shall not exceed specifiedlimits. The return loss is defined as the magnitude of the reflected signal in decibels of a connector pair wheninserted into a 50 measurement system.(1)2.2.2 Insertion lossThe inser
34、tion loss of a mated connector pair shall not exceed specified limits versus frequency range. Theinsertion loss is defined as the loss of a connector pair when inserted into a 50 measurement system. (2)2.2.3 Direct-current contact resistanceThe direct-current resistance of the inner and outer conduc
35、tor joints of a mated connector pair shall notexceed their respective specified limits when tested with a four-terminal measuring system.2.2.4 Repeatability with and without rotation2.2.4.1 Repeatability without rotationThe repeatability of a specified parameter is defined as the maximum measured di
36、fference in the specifiedparameter of a connector pair between the extreme values of measurements of this parameter during thespecified number of connect/disconnect cycles at fixed angular orientation. The repeatability shall notexceed the specified values fora) Magnitude of vectorial difference of
37、reflection coefficient in decibels b) Insertion loss in decibels c) Insertion phase in degrees d) DC resistance in milliohmsMaximum values for these parameters are found in the detail specifications. The nonrotational repeatabilityshall be the maximum difference of the specified parameters during 10
38、0 complete connect/disconnect cyclesof the connector for 14 mm and 7 mm lines. For sizes 3.5 mm and below, substitute 20 connect/disconnectcycles.2.2.4.2 Repeatability with rotationThe repeatability with rotation shall be the maximum nonrepeatability for reflection coefficient magnitude,insertion lo
39、ss magnitude, insertion phase, and dc resistance with rotation. Determine the extreme valuesduring rotation of connector orientation of 16 approximately 45 increments over two complete 360 cycles.Maximum values are found in the detail specifications.2.2.5 Shielding effectivenessThe shielding effecti
40、veness radio-frequency (RF) leakage of a mated pair shall not be less than specifiedlimits versus frequency.S11RL (dB) 2010S11log=IL (dB) 2010S21log=S11 S21 S21argRdcIEEEIEEE STANDARD FOR PRECISION COAXIAL CONNECTORS Std 287-2007Copyright 2007 IEEE. All rights reserved. 72.2.6 Electrical lengthThe e
41、quivalent electrical length of both a single connector and a mated connector pair in air shall bespecified as a function of frequency.2.2.7 Rated minimum upper operating frequency and theoretical upper limitThe upper frequency and theoretical limit in gigahertz for each coaxial line size is shown in
42、 Table 1. Up tothe rated minimum upper operating frequency, all requirements of this standard apply (see IEC 1141 B11).Although it may be practical to operate connectors above this frequency, the requirements of this standarddo not apply. The theoretic limit of a transmission line (see Dimitrios B4)
43、 is determined by the cutofffrequency of the TE11mode. The rated upper operating frequency results from the presence of dielectricsupports that have lower TE11mode cutoff frequencies (see Gilmore B5).2.2.8 Detail specification parameters2.2.8.1 Reflection coefficient magnitude (return loss in decibe
44、ls)The detail specifications specify the maximum reflection coefficient magnitude (return loss in decibels)versus frequency of both a mated connector pair (GPCGPC) and a single connector (LPCGPC) wheninserted without center conductor gaps in a 50 ( ) system above 100 MHz.2.2.8.2 Insertion lossThe de
45、tail specifications specify the maximum insertion loss versus frequency of both a mated connectorpair and a single connector above 100 MHz.2.2.8.3 Shielding effectivenessThe detail specifications specify the maximum leakage versus frequency of a mated connector pair, of anaxial force referred to the
46、 electrical reference plane.2.2.8.4 Electrical lengthThe manufacturer shall specify the electrical length versus frequency and applicable tolerance for both amated connector pair and a single connector.2.2.8.5 Direct-current contact resistanceThe detail specifications provide separately the maximum
47、direct-current contact resistance for both themated inner and the outer conductors.2.3 Environmental2.3.1 Reference conditionsThe reference conditions are 23 C, 40% RH, 101.3 kPa air pressure. These reference conditions have notolerances stated or implied. Reference conditions apply to both mechanic
48、al and electrical measurements.2.3.2 OperatingThe specified operating conditions are 20 10 C and 20 to 80% RH.S11g1=0=IEEEStd 287-2007 IEEE STANDARD FOR PRECISION COAXIAL CONNECTORS8 Copyright 2007 IEEE. All rights reserved.2.3.3 NonoperatingThe nonoperating temperature range that shall not cause da
49、mage to the connector is minus 50 C to plus70 C. The nonoperating pressure range is 101.3 kPa to 0.145 Pa. Damage is defined as noncompliance withany specification under operating environmental conditions.3. Recommended electrical test procedures for GPC and LPC3.1 StatementPrecision connectors require careful measurements of their electrical performance to ensure full complianceto their specified parameters. Current techniques permit swept and stepped frequency and time-domainmeasurements over the entire frequency ranges of bot
