1、IEEE Guide to Understanding, Diagnosing, and Mitigating Stray and Contact VoltageIEEE Std 1695-2016IEEE Power and Energy SocietySponsored by the Transmission and Distribution CommitteeIEEE3 Park AvenueNew York, NY 10016-5997USAIEEE Std 1695-2016IEEE Guide to Understanding, Diagnosing, and Mitigating
2、 Stray and Contact VoltageTransmission and Distribution Committee of the IEEE Power and Energy SocietyApproved 29 January 2016IEEE-SA Standards BoardAbstract: Voltage conditions that may arise at publicly and privately accessible locations as a result of the delivery and use of electrical energy are
3、 addressed in this guide. This guide is not intended for use as a statement of cause and effect. It focuses primarily on the presence of power frequency related voltage conditions and discusses definitions, sources, testing techniques, and strategies that may be available to help reduce those condit
4、ions.Keywords: contact voltage, IEEE 1695, stray voltageThe Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc.3 Park Avenue, New York, NY 10016-5997, USACopyright 2016 by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. All rights reserved. Published 8 July 2016. Printed in the Unite
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33、ement of such rights, is entirely their own responsibility. Further information may be obtained from the IEEE Standards Association.6Copyright 2016 IEEE. All rights reserved.ParticipantsAt the time this Guide to Understanding, Diagnosing and Mitigating Stray and Contact Voltage was completed, the Wo
34、rking Group on Voltages at Publicly and Privately Accessible Locations had the following membership:Chuck DeNardo, ChairJim Bouford, Vice ChairYanhia AttianeseBryan BeskeAnthony CedroneMythili ChagantiDaniel ChenJim ColeLarry ConradJohn DagenhartDoug DorrFred FriendDave GilmerStuart HanebuthHarry Ha
35、yesRay HisayasuMark IsomRobert JohnsonDavid KalokitisScott KruseFrank LambertSal MartinoJohn McDanielLaurie MillerFrancisco MunozMatthew NorwalkEd PaluchJeffrey ParkerJens SchoeneMatt SeeleyJohn ShipmanRusty SoderbergCasey ThompsonBetty TobinVal WernerMarv WesselBrian WongThe following members of th
36、e individual balloting committee voted on this guide. Balloters may have voted for approval, disapproval, or abstention.William AckermanDavid BaronFrank BascianoBryan BeskeRichard BinghamJames BoufordJeffrey BrogdonBill BrownWilliam ByrdThomas CampbellMythili ChagantiJames ColeLarry ConradJohnny Dag
37、enhartDavide De LucaCharles DeNardoDouglas DorrCharles FijnvandraatKeith FlowersFredric FriendRobert GettierJoseph GrappeRandall GrovesStuart HanebuthLee HerronRobert HoeraufLaszlo KadarDavid KalokitisYuri KhersonskyScott KruseJim KulchiskyMichael LauxmanSal MartinoNeil MatthesJohn Mcalhaney Jr.Thom
38、as Mc CarthyJohn McDanielSujeet MishraEdrin MurzakuJoe NimsMatthew NorwalkGregory OlsonThomas OvermanMarty PageChristopher PetrolaDean PhilipsIulian ProfirCharles RogersDaniel SabinBob SaintRobert SchaererKevin SchnackRobert SchuergerKenneth SedziolRobert SeitzAndra ShaughnessyJerry SmithGary Smulli
39、nRusty SoderbergEriks SurmanisDavid TepenWayne TimmMark VoigtsbergerCarl WallDaniel WardYingli WenVal WernerKenneth WhiteJames WikstonJian YuDavid ZechDonald Zipse7Copyright 2016 IEEE. All rights reserved.When the IEEE-SA Standards Board approved this guide on 29 January 2016, it had the following m
40、embership:Jean-Philippe Faure, ChairVacant Position, Vice ChairJohn D. Kulick, Past ChairKonstantinos Karachalios, SecretaryChuck AdamsMasayuki AriyoshiTed BurseStephen DukesJianbin FanRonald W. HotchkissJ. Travis GriffithGary HoffmanMichael JanezicJoseph L. Koepfinger*Hung LingKevin LuGary Robinson
41、Annette D. ReillyMehmet UlemaYingli WenHoward WolfmanDon WrightYu YuanDaidi Zhong*Member Emeritus8Copyright 2016 IEEE. All rights reserved.IntroductionThis introduction is not part of IEEE Std 1695-2016, IEEE Guide to Understanding, Diagnosing, and Mitigating Stray and Contact Voltage.For many years
42、 the term stray voltage had been primarily used to discuss the power frequency voltages present at animal contact locations in and around animal confinement facilities. With the widespread availability of in-expensive and user friendly voltage measurement and recording devices, there has been a grow
43、ing awareness that the general public and their pets are also regularly exposed to these voltages at many publicly and private-ly accessible locations. Until recently there has been little recognition of the important difference between the presence of small voltages related to normal electrical sys
44、tem operation (customer and utility) and the pres-ence of potentially harmful and even lethal voltages related to un-cleared electrical faults. This guide has been created because there are few easy to understand public documents that describe the phenomena, their causes and effects, and actions tha
45、t may help identify and reduce potentially dangerous voltage conditions.This guide does not reflect the views of any one contributor or source and is not intended for use to advance a specific scientific, public health, security, environmental, or legal position attributed to, or propounded by, any
46、user or third party. While it is impossible to give recognition to all those who have contributed to the content of this guide, the assistance of past and present members of the IEEE PES T phase conductor faults and neutral conductor faults. Contact voltage often results from damaged insulation on p
47、hase conductors or dam-aged or faulted neutral conductors. Improperly connected customer or utility equipment can also cause contact voltage. Since contact voltage often involves phase conductors, it should be treated carefully because a low voltage level can rise to full line voltage as the impedan
48、ce of the conductive fault pathway changes.Contact voltage is not a traditional step and touch potential problem. Step and touch potentials are usually discussed in terms of the accessible voltages present during a short duration electrical system fault event. The risk of contact voltage is not just
49、 from the momentary voltage associated with a short duration fault, but rather the presence of an electrical fault in customer or utility wiring that has not cleared (i.e., the protection device, if present, has not operated). As such, the fault can result in a long term publicly accessible voltage that may, under specific exposure conditions, reach harmful levels. Based on utility experience, in the majority of cases the voltage measured at the time of investigation is in excess of 5 V, but many cases are reported below 5 V (New York State Public Service Commission B35). Mu
