1、g44g40g40g40g3g54g87g71g3g20g25g26g28g140g16g21g19g20g19g3g44g40g40g40g3g53g72g70g82g80g80g72g81g71g72g71g3g51g85g68g70g87g76g70g72g3g73g82g85g87g75g72g3g38g75g68g85g68g70g87g72g85g76g93g68g87g76g82g81g3g68g81g71g3g40g89g68g79g88g68g87g76g82g81g82g73g3g40g80g72g85g74g76g81g74g3g40g81g72g85g74g92g3g5
2、4g87g82g85g68g74g72g55g72g70g75g81g82g79g82g74g76g72g86g3g76g81g3g54g87g68g87g76g82g81g68g85g92g36g83g83g79g76g70g68g87g76g82g81g86g44g40g40g40g3g51g82g90g72g85g3g9g3g40g81g72g85g74g92g3g54g82g70g76g72g87g92g54g83g82g81g86g82g85g72g71g3g69g92g3g87g75g72g54g87g68g87g76g82g81g68g85g92g3g37g68g87g87g72
3、g85g76g72g86g3g38g82g80g80g76g87g87g72g72g44g40g40g40g22g3g51g68g85g78g3g36g89g72g81g88g72g3g49g72g90g3g60g82g85g78g15g3g49g60g3g20g19g19g20g25g16g24g28g28g26g15g3g56g54g36g3g3g21g28g3g50g70g87g82g69g72g85g3g21g19g20g19g20g25g26g28g55g48IEEE Std 1679-2010 IEEE Recommended Practice for the Characteri
4、zation and Evaluation of Emerging Energy Storage Technologies in Stationary Applications Sponsor Stationary Batteries Committee of the IEEE Power +1 978 750 8400. Permission to photocopy portions of any individual standard for educational classroom use can also be obtained through the Copyright Clea
5、rance Center. Introduction This introduction is not part of IEEE Std 1679-2010, IEEE Recommended Practice for the Characterization and Evaluation of Emerging Energy Storage Technologies in Stationary Applications. Recent years have seen a significant increase in the number of energy storage devices
6、being proposed for use in traditional battery applications. In addition, the characteristics of an emerging technology may be an enabling factor for new energy storage applications. A problem may arise, however, in the provision and analysis of information regarding the new technology. For existing
7、applications, the technology developer may not be aware of the conventions already in use for submittal of technical data. Furthermore, the prospective user may not request or receive sufficient information to enable a full comparison to be made between technologies. This recommended practice descri
8、bes a format for the characterization of emerging energy storage technologies in terms of performance, service life, and safety attributes. This format provides a framework for developers to describe their products. The resulting information assists users in evaluating the possible application of em
9、erging energy storage technologies. Notice to users Laws and regulations Users of these documents should consult all applicable laws and regulations. Compliance with the provisions of this standard does not imply compliance to any applicable regulatory requirements. Implementers of the standard are
10、responsible for observing or referring to the applicable regulatory requirements. IEEE does not, by the publication of its standards, intend to urge action that is not in compliance with applicable laws, and these documents may not be construed as doing so. Copyrights This document is copyrighted by
11、 the IEEE. It is made available for a wide variety of both public and private uses. These include both use, by reference, in laws and regulations, and use in private self-regulation, standardization, and the promotion of engineering practices and methods. By making this document available for use an
12、d adoption by public authorities and private users, the IEEE does not waive any rights in copyright to this document. Updating of IEEE documents Users of IEEE standards should be aware that these documents may be superseded at any time by the issuance of new editions or may be amended from time to t
13、ime through the issuance of amendments, corrigenda, or errata. An official IEEE document at any point in time consists of the current edition of the document together with any amendments, corrigenda, or errata then in effect. In order to determine whether a given document is the current edition and
14、whether it has been amended through the issuance of amendments, corrigenda, or errata, visit the IEEE Standards Association web site at http:/ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/standards.jsp, or contact the IEEE at the address listed previously. iv Copyright 2010 IEEE. All rights reserved. v Copyright 2010 IEE
15、E. All rights reserved. For more information about the IEEE Standards Association or the IEEE standards development process, visit the IEEE-SA web site at http:/standards.ieee.org. Errata Errata, if any, for this and all other standards can be accessed at the following URL: http:/standards.ieee.org/
16、reading/ieee/updates/errata/index.html. Users are encouraged to check this URL for errata periodically. Interpretations Current interpretations can be accessed at the following URL: http:/standards.ieee.org/reading/ieee/interp/ index.html. Patents Attention is called to the possibility that implemen
17、tation of this recommended practice may require use of subject matter covered by patent rights. By publication of this recommended practice, no position is taken with respect to the existence or validity of any patent rights in connection therewith. The IEEE is not responsible for identifying Essent
18、ial Patent Claims for which a license may be required, for conducting inquiries into the legal validity or scope of Patents Claims or determining whether any licensing terms or conditions provided in connection with submission of a Letter of Assurance, if any, or in any licensing agreements are reas
19、onable or non-discriminatory. Users of this recommended practice are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any patent rights, and the risk of infringement of such rights, is entirely their own responsibility. Further information may be obtained from the IEEE Standards Association.
20、Participants At the time this recommended practice was submitted to the IEEE-SA Standards Board for approval, the Emerging Technologies Working Group had the following membership: James McDowall, Chair Mike Nispel, Vice Chair Curtis Ashton Gary Balash Tom Croda Ramesh Desai John Gagge Roger Johnson
21、John J. Kopera Steve McCluer William McCoy Dan McMenamin Jerry Meyers MuMu Moorthi Adam Moyer Samuel Norman Zbig Noworolski Jan Reber Sam Shah Stephen Vechy The following members of the individual balloting committee voted on this recommended practice. Balloters may have voted for approval, disappro
22、val, or abstention. William J. Ackerman S. Aggarwal Edward Amato James Anderson Stan Arnot Curtis Ashton Gary Balash Thomas Basso Robert Beavers Steven Bezner William Bloethe William Cantor Jay Chamberlin Randy Clelland Garth Corey Luis Coronado Charles Cotton Peter Demar Neal Dowling Gary Engmann J
23、ohn Gagge James Graham Randall Groves Werner Hoelzl David Horvath Alan Jensen Wayne Johnson Piotr Karocki Tanuj Khandelwal Yuri Khersonsky John J. Kopera Jim Kulchisky Chung-Yiu Lam Jeffrey LaMarca Daniel Levin James McDowall Kimberly Mosley Michael S. Newman Charles Ngethe Bansi Patel Percy Pool Ed
24、ward Rafter Michael Roberts Charles Rogers Steven Sano Bartien Sayogo Gil Shultz David Smith James Smith James Timperley Charlie Vartanian Stephen Vechy John Vergis Kenneth White When the IEEE-SA Standards Board approved this recommended practice on 17 June 2010, it had the following membership: Rob
25、ert M. Grow, Chair Richard H. Hulett, Vice Chair Steve M. Mills, Past Chair Judith Gorman, Secretary Karen Bartleson Victor Berman Ted Burse Clint Chaplin Andy Drozd Alexander Gelman Jim Hughes Richard H. Hulett Young Kyun Kim Joseph L. Koepfinger* John Kulick David J. Law Hung Ling Oleg Logvinov Te
26、d Olsen Ronald C. Petersen Thomas Prevost Jon Walter Rosdahl Sam Sciacca Mike Seavey Curtis Siller Don Wright *Member Emeritus Also included are the following nonvoting IEEE-SA Standards Board liaisons: Satish Aggarwal, NRC Representative Richard DeBlasio, DOE Representative Michael Janezic, NIST Re
27、presentative Lisa Perry IEEE Standards Program Manager, Document Development Soo H. Kim IEEE Standards Program Manager, Technical Program Development vi Copyright 2010 IEEE. All rights reserved. Contents 1. Overview 1 1.1 Scope . 1 1.2 Purpose 2 2. Definitions, acronyms, and abbreviations 2 2.1 Defi
28、nitions . 2 2.2 Acronyms and abbreviations . 2 3. Characterization information 3 3.1 Submittal conventions . 3 3.2 Aging mechanisms and failure modes . 6 3.3 Safety . 7 3.4 Independent verification 10 4. Qualification testing . 10 4.1 Functional testing 10 4.2 Abuse tolerance . 10 4.3 Fault toleranc
29、e . 10 4.4 Field testing . 11 4.5 Standards compliance testing 11 5. Technology description 11 5.1 General 11 5.2 Storage medium . 11 5.3 Intended applications . 11 5.4 Components and construction 12 5.5 Operating conditions 13 5.6 Power and energy characteristics . 13 5.7 Charging characteristics .
30、 14 5.8 Active management requirements . 14 5.9 Application interface . 15 5.10 Maintenance requirements . 15 6. Regulatory issues 16 6.1 Hazard classes 16 6.2 Transportation 16 6.3 Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) 17 6.4 Permitting issues 17 6.5 Spill containment . 17 6.6 Ventilation . 17 6.7 Disp
31、osal/recycling . 17 6.8 Interconnection 17 vii Copyright 2010 IEEE. All rights reserved. viii Copyright 2010 IEEE. All rights reserved. 7. Evaluation techniques . 18 7.1 General 18 7.2 Application considerations 18 7.3 Safety . 18 7.4 Code compliance . 19 7.5 Life-cycle costing 19 Annex A (informati
32、ve) Bibliography . 21 Annex B (informative) Sample data for lead-acid batteries . 22 Annex C (informative) Interpretation of application data involving variable cycling regimes 25 IEEE Recommended Practice for the Characterization and Evaluation of Emerging Energy Storage Technologies in Stationary
33、Applications IMPORTANT NOTICE: This standard is not intended to ensure safety, security, health, or environmental protection. Implementers of the standard are responsible for determining appropriate safety, security, environmental, and health practices or regulatory requirements. This IEEE document
34、is made available for use subject to important notices and legal disclaimers. These notices and disclaimers appear in all publications containing this document and may be found under the heading “Important Notice” or “Important Notices and Disclaimers Concerning IEEE Documents.” They can also be obt
35、ained on request from IEEE or viewed at http:/standards.ieee.org/IPR/disclaimers.html. 1. Overview 1.1 Scope This document covers recommended information for an objective evaluation of an emerging energy storage technology by a potential user for any stationary application. Energy storage technologi
36、es are those that provide a means for the reversible storage of electrical energy, i.e., the device receives electrical energy and is able to discharge electrical energy at a later time. The storage medium may be electrochemical (e.g., batteries), kinetic (e.g., flywheels), electrostatic (e.g., elec
37、tric double-layer capacitors EDLCs), thermal, or some other medium. Devices recharged by non-electrical means, such as fuel cells, are beyond the scope of this document. For the purposes of this document, “emerging” technologies are defined as those technologies recently, or soon to be, made availab
38、le for sale under customary commercial terms (e.g., defined scope-of-supply, warranted performance). Stationary applications include both standby and cycling operation. The document provides a common basis for the expression of performance characteristics and the treatment of life-testing data. A st
39、andard approach for analysis of failure modes is also provided, including assessment of safety attributes. The intent of this document is to ensure that characterization information, 1 Copyright 2010 IEEE. All rights reserved. IEEE Std 1679-2010 IEEE Recommended Practice for the Characterization and
40、 Evaluation of Emerging Energy Storage Technologies in Stationary Applications including test conditions and limits of applicability, is sufficiently complete to allow valid comparisons to be made. The document does not specify test methods, minimum requirements, or pass/fail criteria. This recommen
41、ded practice does not describe individual energy storage technologies, nor does it provide guidance on their suitability for a particular application. This document does not cover sizing, installation, maintenance, and testing techniques, except insofar as they may influence the evaluation of a tech
42、nology for its intended application. 1.2 Purpose This recommended practice describes a format for the characterization of emerging energy storage technologies in terms of performance, service life, and safety attributes. This format provides a framework for developers to describe their products. The
43、 resulting information assists users in evaluating the possible application of emerging energy storage technologies. 2. Definitions, acronyms, and abbreviations 2.1 Definitions For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply. The IEEE Standards Dictionary: Glossary of Te
44、rms etc. 3.1.8 Calendar life The calendar life is often crucial for determining the cost of operation for a technology. The calendar life of the technology should be specified along with the conditions under which the life can be realized and the end-of-life condition (see 3.2.1). If the calendar li
45、fe is degraded or enhanced by operation under varying conditions, these conditions should be specified. Calendar life is often quoted independently of cycle life (see 3.1.4). All applicable operating conditions should be included, such as temperature, humidity, vibration, type of charging regime, ty
46、pe of cycling or discharge regime, time in storage, etc. 3.2 Aging mechanisms and failure modes 3.2.1 End of life For emerging energy storage devices, it is important for manufacturers to specify how the technology reaches the end of useful life. For example, the end of life may occur under one or m
47、ore of the following conditions: The device remains operable, but the available power or energy is no longer adequate for the application. The rate of change of available power or energy indicates an impending failure. The failure of a critical component that is not cost-effective to replace. The sy
48、stem is no longer reliable or cost-effective to maintain. For example, for a traditional lead-acid battery used in a stationary application, the end of life is defined as the point when it can no longer supply 80% of its rated capacity in ampere-hours. Beyond that point, it is likely to experience a
49、n accelerating decline in capacity. An end-of-life capacity of 80% is frequently used for other technologies, even though they may experience a more linear decline in capacity. Such technologies could be used beyond this nominal end-of-life point, although the decreased capability would have to be taken into account in sizing calculations. 3.2.2 Aging mechanisms There are typically well-defined aging mechanisms present for all energy storage technologies. Some are dependent on the application in which the energy storage device is used; others are dependent on the op
