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30、 rights reserved. 6 Participants At the time this IEEE guide was completed, the Emerging Technologies, Lithium Battery Working Group had the following membership: Mike Nispel, Chair Jim McDowall, Vice Chair Curtis Ashton Brandon Bartling Christopher Belcher Shoham Bhadra Michael Carmel Charles Cotto
31、n Paul Hectors Daniel Lambert Jon Loeliger Jos Marrero Dan McMenamin Andrew Miraldi Zbigniew Noworolski John Polenz Randy Schubert The following members of the individual balloting committee voted on this guide. Balloters may have voted for approval, disapproval, or abstention. Samuel Aguirre Ali Al
32、 Awazi Edward Amato Curtis Ashton Thomas Barnes Daniel Barsell Robert Beavers Christopher Belcher Steven Bezner Shoham Bhadra William Bloethe Demetrio Bucaneg, Jr. William Bush William Cantor Paul Cardinal Michael Carmel Michael Chirico Luis Coronado Mamadou Diong Gary Donner Neal Dowling Michael Ed
33、ds Jalal Gohari Randall Groves Ajit Gwal Paul Hectors Werner Hoelzl David Ingram Wayne Johnson Peter Kelly Jim Kulchisky Chetan Kulkarni Mikhail Lagoda Chung-Yiu Lam Daniel Lambert Jon Loeliger Jos Marrero Jim McDowall Larry Meisner Andrew Miraldi Haissam Nasrat Arthur Neubauer Charles Ngethe Mike N
34、ispel Michael OBrien Vincenzo Paciello Lorraine Padden Bansi Patel Anthony Picagli John Polenz John Randolph Charles Rogers David Rosewater Robert Schuerger Christopher Searles Robert Seitz Nikunj Shah Jeremy Smith Mark Smith Wayne Stec Gary Stoedter Richard Tressler James Van De Ligt Stephen Vechy
35、John Vergis Keith Waters Kenneth White Hughes Wike Jian Yu Copyright 2018 IEEE. All rights reserved. 7 When the IEEE-SA Standards Board approved this guide on 6 December 2017, it had the following membership: Jean-Philippe Faure, Chair Gary Hoffman, Vice Chair John D. Kulick, Past Chair Konstantinos
36、 Karachalios, Secretary Chuck Adams Masayuki Ariyoshi Ted Burse Stephen Dukes Doug Edwards J. Travis Griffith Michael Janezic Thomas Koshy Joseph L. Koepfinger* Kevin Lu Daleep Mohla Damir Novosel Ronald C. Petersen Annette D. Reilly Robby Robson Dorothy Stanley Adrian Stephens Mehmet Ulema Phil Wen
37、nblom Howard Wolfman Yu Yuan *Member Emeritus Copyright 2018 IEEE. All rights reserved. 8 Introduction This introduction is not part of IEEE Std 1679.1-2017, IEEE Guide for the Characterization and Evaluation of Lithium-Based Batteries in Stationary Applications. Lithium-based batteries, and lithium
38、-ion batteries in particular, have seen a tremendous growth in interest and application, in particular where battery size and weight are of paramount interest. The use of these batteries are now being evaluated and used in stationary applications. Because of the differences between lithium-based bat
39、teries and conventional industrial batteries, such as lead-acid and nickel-cadmium, there is a need for objective information and suitable evaluation techniques. This document provides a technology description, information on aging and failure modes, a discussion on safety issues, evaluation techniq
40、ues, and regulatory issues for the major types of lithium-based batteries for use in stationary applications. Copyright 2018 IEEE. All rights reserved. 9 Contents 1. Overview 11 1.1 Scope . 11 1.2 Purpose 12 2. Normative references 12 3. Definitions, acronyms, and abbreviations 12 3.1 Definitions .
41、12 3.2 Acronyms and abbreviations . 13 4. Document structure 14 5. Technology description 15 5.1 General 15 5.2 Storage medium . 15 5.3 Intended applications . 19 5.4 Components and construction 19 5.5 Operating conditions 23 5.6 Power and energy characteristics . 24 5.7 Charging characteristics . 2
42、4 5.8 Active management requirements . 26 5.9 Application interface . 28 5.10 Maintenance requirements . 30 6. Characterization information 31 6.1 General 31 6.2 Submittal conventions . 31 6.3 Aging mechanisms and failure modes . 31 6.4 Safety . 34 7. Qualification testing . 36 7.1 General 36 7.2 Fu
43、nctional testing 36 7.3 Abuse tolerance . 37 7.4 Fault tolerance . 37 7.5 Field testing . 37 7.6 Standards compliance testing 38 8. Regulatory issues 39 8.1 General 39 8.2 Transportation 39 8.3 Regulatory requirements for safety 40 8.4 Code compliance . 40 8.5 Certification . 41 8.6 Disposal . 41 8.
44、7 Cell status 41 9. Evaluation techniques . 41 9.1 General 41 9.2 Application considerations 42 9.3 Safety . 43 Copyright 2018 IEEE. All rights reserved. 10 9.4 Life-cycle costing 44 Annex A (informative) Bibliography . 45 Copyright 2018 IEEE. All rights reserved. 11 IEEE Guide for the Characterizat
45、ion and Evaluation of Lithium-Based Batteries in Stationary Applications 1. Overview 1.1 Scope This document provides guidance for an objective evaluation of lithium-based energy storage technologies by a potential user for any stationary application. This document is to be used in conjunction with
46、IEEE Std 1679-2010, IEEE Recommended Practice for the Characterization and Evaluation of Emerging Energy Storage Technologies in Stationary Applications.1For the purposes of this document, lithium-based batteries include those secondary (rechargeable) electrochemistries with lithium ions as the acti
47、ve species exchanged between the electrodes during charging and discharging. Examples of secondary lithium-based batteries are lithium-ion, lithium-ion polymer, lithium-metal polymer, and lithium-sulfur batteries. Primary (non-rechargeable) lithium batteries are beyond the scope of this document. Wh
48、ile this document does not cover lithium-based batteries used in mobile applications, the information provided is applicable to electric vehicle or similar batteries that are repurposed for use in stationary applications. This document also applies to batteries that are stationary when in operation
49、but are intended to be relocated, for example, containerized or trailer-mounted systems. The outline of IEEE Std 1679-2010 is followed in this document, with tutorial information specific to lithium-based batteries provided as appropriate. Examples of tutorial information include technology descriptions, operating parameters, failure modes, safety information, battery architecture, and qualification and application considerations. This document does not cover sizing, installation, maintenance, and testing techniques, except insofar as they may influence the evaluation
