1、 IEEE Guide for Control of Small(100 kVA to 5 MVA) Hydroelectric Power Plants Sponsored by the Energy Development and Power Generation Committee IEEE 3 Park Avenue New York, NY 10016-5997 USA 12 April 2012 IEEE Power +1 978 750 8400. Permission to photocopy portions of any individual standard for ed
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14、ermination of the validity of any patent rights, and the risk of infringement of such rights, is entirely their own responsibility. Further information may be obtained from the IEEE Standards Association. Copyright 2012 IEEE. All rights reserved. viParticipants At the time this IEEE guide was comple
15、ted, the Working Group for Computer-Based Control for Hydroelectric Power Plant Automation had the following membership: Douglas B. Seely, Chair Jay Anders Dave Apps Terry Bauman Bruce Benson Steven Brockschink Matthew T. Davis Russ Fostiak George Girgis Randall Groves James Gurney Robert Handel Dav
16、id Kornegay Charles A. Lennon Lawrence D. Long Cliff Malm Hans Naeff Wayne Rand Chris Shultz Philip Spotts William W.Terry Wayne Timm John Yale The following members of the individual balloting committee voted on this guide. Balloters may have voted for approval, disapproval, or abstention. William
17、J. Ackerman Steven Brockschink Andrew Brown Derek Brown Gustavo Brunello Matthew T. Davis Gary Donner Neal Dowling Gary Engmann Russ Fostiak Randall Groves James Gurney Werner Hoelzl David Horvath Innocent Kamwa Yuri Khersonsky David Kornegay Jim Kulchisky Lucas Kunz Chung-Yiu Lam Charles A. Lennon
18、Lawrence D. Long Greg Luri Rhonda Netzel Michael S. Newman Christopher Petrola Bartien Sayogo Douglas B. Seely Hyeong Sim James Smith Philip Spotts Gary Stoedter Wayne Timm James Timperley John Vergis James Wilson John Yale Copyright 2012 IEEE. All rights reserved. viiWhen the IEEE-SA Standards Boar
19、d approved this guide on 7 December 2011, it had the following membership: Richard H. Hulett, Chair John Kulick, Vice Chair Robert M. Grow, Past President Judith Gorman, Secretary Masayuki Ariyoshi William Bartley Ted Burse Clint Chaplin Wael Diab Jean-Philippe Faure Alexander Gelman Paul Houz Jim H
20、ughes Joseph L. Koepfinger* David J. Law Thomas Lee Hung Ling Oleg Logvinov Ted Olsen Gary Robinson Jon Walter Rosdahl Sam Sciacca Mike Seavey Curtis Siller Phil Winston Howard L. Wolfman Don Wright *Member Emeritus Also included are the following nonvoting IEEE-SA Standards Board liaisons: Richard
21、DeBlasio, DOE Representative Michael Janezic, NIST Representative Francesca Drago IEEE Standards Program Manager, Document Development Matthew J. Ceglia IEEE Standards Project Manager Soo H. Kim IEEE Standards Project Manager Copyright 2012 IEEE. All rights reserved. viiiIntroduction This introducti
22、on is not part of IEEE Std 1020-2011, IEEE Guide for Control of Small (100 kVA to 5 MVA) Hydroelectric Power Plants. This document is a guide for the power industry for the control of small hydroelectric power plants. The document was prepared by the Working Group for Computer-Based Control for Hydr
23、oelectric Power Plant Automation of the Hydroelectric Power Subcommittee of the Energy Development and Power Generation Committee of the IEEE Power however, the designer may wish to consider redundancy if the plant is critical and units must remain operational for the loads being serviced, or if wat
24、er flow continuity is critical. Digital excitation systems typically have a full complement of limiters (over- and underexcitation, V/Hz, and overvoltage) and associated protective functions in the same processor. Depending on the criticality of the plant/units, separate external protection for the
25、over- and underexcitation, V/Hz, and overvoltage may be warranted and should be considered by the designer. On units of 1 MW or less, excitation systems containing only base control, automatic voltage regulation, and a limited complement of limiters may be sufficient for the application and offer a
26、more economical alternative than a more elaborately equipped system. Excitation for smaller, higher-speed units is generally provided by direct-driven, brushless exciters. Larger, slower-speed generators generally use static exciters with solid-state equipment that converts ac to dc. The interconnec
27、ted utility may have specific exciter requirements and should be consulted early in the hydroelectric power plant planning stage. 4.2.7 Unit electrical connections 4.2.7.1 Generator switchgear The switchgear provides the means for connecting and disconnecting the generator to and from the power syst
28、em during normal start-up and shutdown, and protects and isolates the generator from the power system in the event of malfunctions, such as short circuits, overvoltage, etc. The generator output voltage determines the voltage class of the circuit breaker selected for the application. Normal generato
29、r voltages are 480 V, 2.3 kV, 4.16 kV, 6.9 kV, and 13.8 kV. Normally, a circuit breaker is used for switching the generator. Alternatively, a lower-cost contactor, particularly suitable for repetitive switching duty, could be used when available for the required voltage and available fault duty. If
30、a contactor is used, fuses and additional protection should be used for interruption of short-circuit currents and to minimize the chance of single phasing. 4.2.7.2 Main transformer The transformer is used to match the generator voltage to the system voltage. The kVA rating is determined by the rati
31、ng of the connected generator or generators. Oil-filled transformers are used for outdoor installations, but usually not for indoor installation in the powerhouse because of the additional cost of providing required oil containment and fire protection. Transformers using air or solid or nonflammable
32、 liquid insulation are normally used for indoor installations. 4.2.7.3 Utility interconnection equipment 4.2.7.3.1 Isolating disconnect switch The need for installing a visible break, gang-operated, disconnect switch at the interface point between the hydroelectric plant and the utility system for i
33、solation purposes, should be reviewed with the utility. IEEE Std 1020-2011 IEEE Guide for Control of Small (100 kVA to 5 MVA) Hydroelectric Power Plants Copyright 2012 IEEE. All rights reserved. 114.2.7.3.2 Metering The plant owner may install for his or her own purposes metering within the plant to
34、 measure gross generation and station service consumption. In addition, the utility may install a protective enclosure containing sockets for connection of the utilitys revenue meters, located for convenient access by utility personnel. Necessary current transformers, potential transformers, or pote
35、ntial devices are commonly installed on or near the main transformer, and in conformance with the utilitys metering standards. 4.2.7.3.3 Unit substation It may be practical to install the separate components, such as switchgear, transformer, isolating disconnect switch, and metering box (see 4.2.7.1
36、, 4.2.7.2, 4.2.7.3.1, and 4.2.7.3.2, respectively) in a unit substation. The unit substation can also include switchgear and other equipment necessary for the distribution of station service power. 4.3 Mechanical auxiliary systems Various mechanical auxiliary systems and equipment are applied as req
37、uired for the particular installation. These can include the systems in 4.3.1 through 4.3.6. 4.3.1 Lubrication Lubrication systems provide oil as required for pressure or oil-bath lubricated bearings. 4.3.2 Sump pump Sump pump auxiliary is used to remove leakage water from the station. 4.3.3 Air com
38、pressor Air compressor auxiliary is used to provide air for the governor and for other equipment, such as air brakes and maintenance equipment. 4.3.4 Air admission valve Air admission valve auxiliary is used to admit air into the turbine or tailwater passageway. 4.3.5 Cooling water Cooling water sys
39、tem provides cooling water for the generator stator and bearings, speed increaser, and the turbine bearing and packing box. IEEE Std 1020-2011 IEEE Guide for Control of Small (100 kVA to 5 MVA) Hydroelectric Power Plants Copyright 2012 IEEE. All rights reserved. 124.3.6 Fire detection and protection
40、 Fire detection and protection system includes sensors to detect fire and provides extinguishing means, such as carbon dioxide or water, where appropriate. 5. Station service electrical system 5.1 General The design of the station service system of small hydroelectric power plants can vary significa
41、ntly depending upon consideration of a combination of factors including, but not limited, to the following: a) The degree of importance of the generator or generators. b) The number of main transformers to be installed. c) The number and availability of power sources to the plant. d) The availabilit
42、y of necessary electrical and mechanical auxiliary systems. For this guide, the following two basic cases are considered: A single auxiliary supply that typically is employed for a noncritical plant whose loss of generation may be tolerated and whose operation would suffer no harm due to loss of aux
43、iliary systems. Multiple auxiliary supplies that typically are employed for critical plants whose generation is important, or whose operation would be endangered, by loss of auxiliary systems. For each of these two cases, both the ac and dc power supplies are discussed and the assumption is made tha
44、t the plant is interconnected with a large power system, which is generally the case. Protection aspects of the station service system are discussed in Clause 6. 5.2 Power plants with single auxiliary supply 5.2.1 AC supply In the case of power plants with a single auxiliary supply, the single-line
45、diagram rendered for Figure 3 depicts a typical ac station service supply for the unit feeding station service. When the unit is feeding power into the power system, it also feeds plant ac station service. If the generator in Figure 3 is out of service, station service can be fed from the transmissi
46、on line. If the main transformer is out of service, station service can be fed from the generator, with the isolating switch open, provided the generator is the synchronous type and hydraulic conditions permit stable operation at low loads. If this feature is not needed, then the isolating switch ca
47、n be eliminated, but its retention may be desirable for maintenance purposes. The flexibility for restoring auxiliary ac supply can be of prime importance if there are critical loads that must be energized quickly. Examples of such loads are heating, sump pumps, spillway gates, and headgate IEEE Std
48、 1020-2011 IEEE Guide for Control of Small (100 kVA to 5 MVA) Hydroelectric Power Plants Copyright 2012 IEEE. All rights reserved. 13motors. The need for rapid restoration of station service power can justify a standby source, such as a small diesel engine generator or a separate feed from the utili
49、ty, which is discussed in 5.3. The station service transformer capacity should be selected to accommodate the station service loads. Some examples of station loads are as follows: a) Air compressor b) Battery charger c) Building lighting, heating, and ventilation d) Governor oil pumps e) Headgate operator f) Outdoor lighting g) Service outlets h) Sump pumps i) Transformer cooling fans (if used) j) Uninterruptible power supply In general, the required station service transformer capacity ranges between 1 percent of plant capacity for larger, multiunit plants, to 5 per
