1、Existing Buildings: Operations & Maintenance REFERENCE GUIDE First Edition August 2008U.S. Green Building Council ii Copyright Copyright 2008 by the U.S. Green Building Council. All rights reserved. The U.S. Green Building Council authorizes individual use of the LEED for Existing Buildings: Operati
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3、 Operations & Maintenance Reference Guide, and (3) not to reproduce, display, or distribute the LEED for Existing Buildings: Operations & Maintenance Reference Guide in any way for any public or commercial purpose, including display on a website or in a networked environment. Unauthorized use of the
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6、 protected by copyright under both United States and foreign laws. Disclaimer None of the parties involved in the funding or creation of the LEED for Existing Buildings: Operations & Maintenance Reference Guide, including the U.S. Green Building Council, its members, its contractors, or the United S
7、tates government, assume any liability or responsibility to the user or any third parties for the accuracy, completeness, or use of or reliance on any information contained In the LEED for Existing Buildings: Operations & Maintenance Reference Guide, or for any injuries, losses, or damages (includin
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10、 Green Building Council 1800 Massachusetts Avenue, NW Suite 300 Washington, DC 20036 Trademark LEED is a registered trademark of the U.S. Green Building Council. ISBN-13: 978-1-932444-13-1 ISBN-10: 1-932444-13-0LEED for Existing Buildings: O&M iii Acknowledgments The LEED for Existing Buildings: Ope
11、rations & Maintenance Reference Guide has been made possible through the efforts of many dedicated volunteers, staff members. and other members of the USGBC community. The Reference Guide drafting was managed and implemented by USGBC staff and included a review and suggestions by all Technical Advis
12、ory Group (TAG) members and the LEED for Existing Buildings Core Committee. We expressly extend our deepest gratitude to all of our LEED committee members who participated in the development of this guide, for their tireless volunteer efforts and constant support of USGBCs mission. LEED for Existing
13、 Buildings Core Committee Stu Carron (Chair), JohnsonDiversey Sheila Sheridan (Vice-Chair), International Facility Management Association, IFMA John Adams, Georgia Institute of Technology Steve Ashkin, The Ashkin Group John Beckinghausen, HSBC Bank USA, N.A. Lidia Berger, HDR Gay Bindocci, U.S. Depa
14、rtment of Interior Cara Carmichael, RMI ENSAR Built Environment Lance Davis, U.S. General Services Administration George Denise, Cushman and Wakefield Barry Giles, Moss Landing Laboratories Tia Heneghan, CTG Energetics Joe Higgins, Fidelity Investments George Lohnes, UNICCO Service Company Perrin Pe
15、llegrin, University of CaliforniaSanta Barbara Steve Price, Steelcase Inc. Paul Walitsky, The Industrial Ecology Co. LLC Richard Walker, Siemens Building Technologies Sustainable Sites TAG Bryna Dunn (Chair), Moseley Architects Stew Comstock (Vice-Chair), Maryland Department of the Environment Miche
16、le Adams, Cahill Associates Gina Baker, Burt Hill Ted Bardacke, Global Green USA Stephen Benz, Sasaki Associates Mark Brumbaugh, Brumbaugh & Associates Laura Case, Emory University Campus Services Zachary Christeson, the HOK Planning Group Jay Enck, Commissioning & Green Building Services Ron Hand,
17、E/FECT Sustainable Design Solutions Richard Heinisch, Acuity Lighting Group Susan Kaplan, Battery Park City Authority Michael Lane, Lighting Design Lab Marita Roos, Andropogon Associates Zolna Russell, Hord Coplan Macht, Inc. Alfred Vick, Ecos Environmental Design, Inc. Eva Wong, U.S. Environmental
18、Protection Agency, Heat Island Reduction Initiative (HIRI)U.S. Green Building Council iv Water Efficiency TAG Neal Billetdeaux (Chair), JJR John Koeller (Vice-Chair), Koeller and Company Robert Benazzi, Jaros Baum & Bolles Gunnar Baldwin, TOTO USA, Inc David Bracciano, Tampa Bay Water David Carlson,
19、 Columbia University Bill Hoffman, H.W. Hoffman and Associates Winston Huff, SSR Engineers Heather Kinkade-Levario, ARCADIS Geoff Nara, Civil & Environmental Consultants Shabbir Rawalpindiwala, Kohler Company Robert Rubin, NCSU-BAE and McKim & Creed Stephanie Tanner, U.S. Environmental Protection Ag
20、ency Bill Wall, Clivus New England, Inc. Daniel Yeh, University of South Florida Energy & Atmosphere TAG Greg Kats (Chair), Capital-E Marcus Sheffer (Vice-Chair), 7group Drury Crawley, U.S. Department of Energy Saad Dimachkieh, HOK Jay Enck, Commissioning & Green Building Services Donald Fournier, B
21、uilding Research Council Ellen Franconi, IPMVP and AEC Mark Frankel, New Buildings Institute Nathan Gauthier, Harvard University Jonathan Heller, Ecotope Inc. Rusty Hodapp, DFW, Energy & T ransportation Management John Hogan, Seattle Department of Planning & Development Bion Howard, Building Environ
22、mental Science Dan Katzenberger, eeEnviro Bob Maddox, Sterling Planet Brenda Morawa, BVM Engineering, Inc. Erik Ring, Glumac Michael Rosenberg, Oregon Department of Energy Mick Schwedler, T rane Gord Shymko, IPMVP and G.F . Shymko & Associates Gail Stranske, CTG Energetics Greg Thomas, Performance S
23、ystems Michael Zimmer, Thompson Hine LLP Materials and Resources TAG Nadav Malin (Chair), BuildingGreen, Inc. Mark Webster (Vice-Chair), Simpson Gumpertz & Heger Paul Bertram, NAIMA Chris Dixon, NBBJ Ann Edminster, Design AVEnues Lee Gros, independent consultantLEED for Existing Buildings: O&M v Ter
24、esa Hogerheide-Reusch, Catalyst Partners Nancy Malone, Siegel & Strain Architects Dana Papke, California Air Resources Board Kirsten Ritchie, Gensler Wayne T rusty, Athena Institute Denise Van Valkenburg, Steelcase Gabe Wing, Herman Miller, Inc. Indoor Environmental Quality TAG Bob Thompson (Chair),
25、 U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Indoor Environments Management Branch Steve Taylor (Vice-Chair), Taylor Engineering Jude Anders, Johnson Controls, Inc. (retired) Daniel Bruck, BRC Acoustics & Techology Consulting Nancy Clanton, Clanton and Associates Brian Cloward, Mithun Architects + Designe
26、rs + Planners Larry Dykhuis, Herman Miller, Inc. Alexis Kurtz, Ove Arup & Partners George Loisos, Loisos+ Ubelohde Associates David Lubman, David Lubman & Associates Francis (Bud) Offerman, Indoor Environmental Engineering Charles Salter, Salter Associates Christopher Schaffner, The Green Engineer D
27、ennis Stanke, T rane Company Prasad Vaidya, The Weidt Group Ozgem Ornektekin, DMJM Harris (nonvoting member) Special thanks to Jenny Carney, Daniel Ackerstein, Meghan Aminto, Katie Spataro, YRG Staff, the New Buildings Institute, Russ Lindemann, Frank T. Morrison, Elise Richards, and Roopa Kamesh. A
28、nd thanks to USGBC staff - Doug Gatlin, Michael Opitz and Lauren Riggs - for their invaluable efforts in developing the LEED for Existing Buildings: Operations & Maintenance Reference Guide. U.S. Green Building Council viLEED for Existing Buildings: O&M vii Preface 11 Introduction 12 I. Why Make You
29、r Building Green? 12 II. LEED Green Building Rating System 12 III. Overview and Process 13 IV. Minimum Program Requirements 16 V. Certification Strategy 17 VI. Initial Certification vs. Recertification 18 VII. Performance Period 20 VIII. Submittals 21 IX. Multitenant Exemptions 23 X. Facility Altera
30、tions and Additions 24 XI. Exemplary Performance Strategies 25 XII. Policy Model 25 XIII. Tools for Registered Projects 26 XIV. Reference Guide 30 XV. Definitions 31 Sustainable Sites (SS) 35 Credit 1 LEED-Certified Design and Construction 39 Credit 2 Building Exterior and Hardscape Management Plan
31、43 Credit 3 Integrated Pest Management, Erosion Control, and Landscape Management Plan 49 Credit 4.1 - 4.4 Alternative Commuting Transportation 59 Credit 5 Reduced Site Disturbance: Protect or Restore Open Space 73 Credit 6 Stormwater Management 79 Credit 7 Heat Island Reduction: Nonroof 87 Credit 7
32、.2 Heat Island Reduction: Roof 95 Credit 8 Light Pollution Reduction 103 Water Efficiency (WE) 117 Prerequisite 1 Minimum Indoor Plumbing Fixture and Fitting Efficiency 121 Credit 1.1 - 1.2 Water Performance Measurement 133 Credit 2.1 - 2.3 Additional Indoor Plumbing Fixture and Fitting Efficiency 1
33、41 Credit 3.1 - 3.3 Water-Efficient Landscaping 143 Credit 4.1 - 4.2 Cooling Tower Water Management 159 Table of ContentsU.S. Green Building Council viii Energy & Atmosphere (EA) 167 Prerequisite 1 Energy Efficiency Best Management Practices: Planning, Documentation, and Opportunity Assessment 171 P
34、rerequisite 2 Minimum Energy Efficiency Performance 183 Prerequisite 3 Refrigerant ManagementOzone Protection 185 Credit 1 Optimize Energy Efficiency Performance 193 Credit 2.1 Existing Building Commissioning: Investigation and Analysis 209 Credit 2.2 Existing Building Commissioning: Implementation
35、219 Credit 2.3 Existing Building Commissioning: Ongoing Commissioning 225 Credit 3.1 Performance Measurement: Building Automation System 231 Credit 3.2 - 3.3 Performance Measurement: System-Level Metering 235 Credit 4.1 - 4.4 On-Site and Off-Site Renewable Energy 241 Credit 5 Refrigerant Management
36、253 Credit 6 Emissions Reduction Reporting 263 Materials & Resources (MR) 273 Prerequisite 1 Sustainable Purchasing Policy 277 Prerequisite 2 Solid Waste Management Policy 281 Credit 1.1 - 1.3 Sustainable Purchasing: Ongoing Consumables 285 Credit 2.1 - 2.2 Sustainable Purchasing: Durable Goods 293
37、Credit 3 Sustainable Purchasing: Facility Alterations and Additions 301 Credit 4 Sustainable Purchasing: Reduced Mercury in Lamps 315 Credit 5 Sustainable Purchasing: Food 323 Credit 6 Solid Waste Management: Waste Stream Audit 331 Credit 7.1 - 7.2 Solid Waste Management: Ongoing Consumables 337 Cre
38、dit 8 Solid Waste Management: Durable Goods 343 Credit 9 Solid Waste Management: Facility Alterations and Additions 349 Indoor Environmental Quality (EQ) 357 Prerequisite 1 Outdoor Air Introduction and Exhaust Systems 361 Prerequisite 2 Environmental Tobacco Smoke (ETS) Control 371 Prerequisite 3 Gr
39、een Cleaning Policy 377 Credit 1.1 IAQ Best Management Practices: IAQ Management Program 383 Credit 1.2 IAQ Best Management Practices: Outdoor Air Delivery Monitoring 359 Credit 1.3 IAQ Best Management Practices: Increased Ventilation 399 Credit 1.4 IAQ Best Management Practices: Reduce Particulates
40、 in Air Distribution 407 Credit 1.5 IAQ Best Management Practices: IAQ Management for Facility Alterations and Additions 411 Credit 2.1 Occupant Comfort: Occupant Survey 419LEED for Existing Buildings: O&M ix Credit 2.2 Occupant Comfort: Occupant-Controlled Lighting 423 Credit 2.3 Occupant Comfort:
41、Thermal Comfort Monitoring 429 Credit 2.4 - 2.5 Occupant Comfort: Daylight and Views 435 Credit 3.1 Green Cleaning: High-Performance Cleaning Program 449 Credit 3.2 - 3.3 Green Cleaning: Custodial Effectiveness Assessment 457 Credit 3.4 - 3.6 Green Cleaning: Purchase of Sustainable Cleaning Products
42、 and Materials 463 Credit 3.7 Green Cleaning: Sustainable Cleaning Equipment 473 Credit 3.8 Green Cleaning: Entryway Systems 479 Credit 3.9 Green Cleaning: Indoor Integrated Pest Management 483 Innovation in Operations (IO) 491 Credit 1.1 - 1.4 Innovation in Operations 493 Credit 2 LEED Accredited P
43、rofessional 499 Credit 3 Documenting Sustainable Building Cost Impacts 503 Glossary of Terms 511 _ LEED for Existing Buildings: Operations & Maintenance Ratings 85 base points, 7 possible Innovation in Operations points Certified 3442 points Silver 4350 points Gold 5167 points Platinum 6892 pointsU.
44、S. Green Building Council xLEED for Existing Buildings: O&M 11 Preface The built environment has a profound impact on our natural environment, economy, health, and productivity. Breakthroughs in building science, technology, and operations are now available to designers, builders, operators, and own
45、ers who want to build green and maximize both economic and environmental performance. The U.S. Green Building Council (USGBC) is coordinating the establishment and evolution of a national consensus effort to provide the industry with the tools necessary to design, build, and operate buildings that d
46、eliver high performance inside and out. USGBC members work together to develop industry standards, design and construction practices and guidelines, operating practices and guidelines, policy positions, and educational tools that support the adoption of sustainable design and building practices. Mem
47、bers also forge strategic alliances with leading industry and research organizations, federal government agencies, and state and local governments to transform the built environment. As the preeminent organization that represents the entire building industry on environmental building matters, USGBCs
48、 unique perspective and collective power provide our members with enormous opportunity to effect change in the way buildings are designed, built, operated, and maintained. USGBC Membership USGBCs greatest strength is the diversity of our membership. USGBC is a balanced, consensus nonprofit with 15,0
49、00 member companies and organizations representing the entire building industry. Since its inception in 1993, USGBC has played a vital role in providing a leadership forum and a unique, integrating force for the building industry. USGBCs programs have three distinguishing characteristics: Committee-based The heart of this effective coalition is our committee structure, in which volunteer members design strategies that are implemented by staff and expert consultants. Our committees provide a forum for mem
