1、Designation: E3075 16E3075 18Standard Test Method forWater Immersion and Drying for Evaluation of FloodDamage Resistance 1This standard is issued under the fixed designation E3075; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, th
2、e year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.INTRODUCTIONThe performance of construction materials during flood events is an item of importance for propertyowners an
3、d communities, especially those located in flood-prone areas. Requirements for the use offlood-resistant building materials in flood hazard areas can be found in the USU.S. model codes,standards, and guidelines pertaining to flood resistant design and construction. To promote uniformityin evaluation
4、 of building material response to flooding, this test method prescribes standard conditionsfor water immersion, subsequent drying, and cleaning such as occur during flood events. Otherdeleterious effects of floods that are outside the scope of this test method include, but are not limitedto, debris
5、impact, flood velocity, wave action, water pressure differential, scour, erosion, biological andchemical contaminants in floodwater, and other factors including long-term occupant health impactsthat would be adverse to continued use of the structure.1. Scope1.1 This test method is intended to apply
6、to building materials used in construction below the base flood elevation (BFE)including, but not limited to: individual building materials and composite assemblies of building materials that constitutepermanent integral parts of a finished building including walls, floors, ceilings, stairways, buil
7、t-in partitions, finishes, cladding, andother similarly incorporated architectural and structural items.1.2 Requirements for evaluation of other hazards associated with flood damage including, but not limited to: debris impact,flood velocity, wave action, water pressure differential, scour, erosion,
8、 biological and chemical contaminants in floodwater, andother factors that would be adverse to continued use of the structure for its intended purpose including long-term occupant healthimpacts are outside of the scope of the methods presented herein.1.3 The water immersion, drying, and cleaning pro
9、cedures specified in this test method establishes standard conditions forlaboratory evaluation of test specimen response to water immersion, subsequent drying, and cleaning. The results of these tests areone factor in assessing the characteristics of building materials with regard to water immersion
10、, drying, and ability to be cleaned.Application of these test results to predict these characteristics for actual building construction requires the evaluation of testconditions as compared to conditions of end-use.1.4 The water immersion and drying procedures shall not be construed as representativ
11、e of water makeup, duration ofimmersion, or conditions of drying during an actual flood event because actual flood conditions vary with such factors as makeupof water, depth and duration of immersion, and ambient temperature and humidity.1.5 The cleaning procedures specified in this test method are
12、intended to simulate surface cleaning that normally occurs afterflooding.1.6 The cleaning procedures specified in this test method shall not be construed as superseding standards or manufacturersrecommended methods for cleaning and restoration after flooding.1.7 A commentary to this test method is p
13、rovided in Appendix X1.1 This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E06 on Performance of Buildings and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E06.25 on WholeBuildings and Facilities.Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2016Nov. 1, 2018. Published December 2016November 2018. Orig
14、inally approved in 2016. Last previous edition approved in 2016 asE307516. DOI: 10.1520/E3075-16.10.1520/E307518.This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Becauseit may not
15、be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current versionof the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Dri
16、ve, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States11.8 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematicalconversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.1.9 This standard
17、does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibilityof the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety safety, health, and healthenvironmental practices and determine theapplicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.10 T
18、his international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardizationestablished in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issuedby the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (
19、TBT) Committee.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standard:Standards:2D7789 Practice for Collection of Fungal Material from Surfaces by SwabE631 Terminology of Building Constructions2.2 Federal Standard:344 CFR Part 60.3 Flood plain management criteria for flood-prone areas2.3 Other Standards:ANSI/IICR
20、C S500 Standard and Reference Guide for Professional Water Damage Restoration4International Plumbing Code 53. Terminology3.1 DefinitionsFor definitions of general terms related to building construction used in this test method, refer to TerminologyE631.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Stand
21、ard:3.2.1 base flood elevation (BFE), nthe height of the base (1-percent annual chance or 100-year) flood in relation to a specifieddatum, usually the National Geodetic Vertical Datum of 1929, or the North American Vertical Datum of 1988.3.2.2 potable tap water, nfiltered tap water conforming to the
22、 bacteriological and chemical quality requirements of the PublicHealth Service Drinking Water Standards or the regulations of the public health authority having jurisdiction.4. Summary of Test Method4.1 The procedures described in this test method are used to evaluate the response of building materi
23、als noted in 1.1 whensubjected to water immersion, subsequent drying, and cleaning.4.1.1 This test method exposes test specimens to water immersion followed by a drying period and surface cleaning.4.1.2 Test specimen orientation is consistent with orientation of the test specimen building material(s
24、) in end use. For example,a test specimen simulating wall assembly construction is immersed in a vertical orientation, while a test specimen simulatingfloor/ceiling assembly construction is immersed in a horizontal orientation.4.1.3 The cleaning specifications are intended to simulate surface cleani
25、ng that normally occurs after flooding.5. Significance and Use5.1 This test method establishes water immersion, drying, and cleaning procedures to be used when determining whetherbuilding materials noted in 1.1 are flood damage resistant for applications that comply with the National Flood Insurance
26、 Program(NFIP) 44 CFR 60.3(a)(3).5.2 This test method exposes the test specimen to water immersion and drying conditions to simulate the effects of wetting andsubsequent drying that occurs with a flood event. The wetting and drying exposure is followed by surface cleaning. This testmethod provides a
27、 measure of how test specimens may respond to water immersion, subsequent drying, and cleaning that occurwith flood events.5.3 This test method is useful for determining water absorption characteristics of different test specimens in terms of percentincrease in test specimen weight, their drying cha
28、racteristics in terms of elapsed time to dry to equilibrium weight, and changesin physical appearance following water immersion and surface cleaning.5.4 This test method is useful in comparing the water absorption characteristics of different test specimens, their dryingcharacteristics, and changes
29、in physical appearance following water immersion and surface cleaning.This test method is also usefulin comparing test specimen physical dimensions before water immersion, immediately following removal from water immersion,after drying, and after cleaning.2 For referencedASTM standards, visit theAST
30、M website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standardsvolume information, refer to the standardsstandards Document Summary page on the ASTM website.3 Available from U.S. Government Publishing Office, Office (GPO), 732 N. Capitol St., NW, Washin
31、gton, DC 20401-0001, http:/www.access.gpo.gov.4 Available from Institute of Inspection Cleaning and Restoration Certification (IICRC), 4043 South Eastern Avenue, Las Vegas, NV 89119, http:/www.iicrc.org.5 Available from, and a registered trademark of, International Code Council (ICC), 500 New Jersey
32、 Ave., NW, 6th Floor, Washington, DC 20001, http:/www.iccsafe.org.E3075 1825.5 The ability to directly compare test results will vary by many factors including test specimen size and whether testspecimens are individual building materials or composite assemblies of building materials.6. Test Specime
33、ns6.1 The test specimens shall be identified as fully as possible by including the building materials and details of construction,method of fabrication, and other pertinent details that potentially affect the response to water immersion, drying, and cleaning.NOTE 1Test specimens can vary in size and
34、 makeup depending on the purpose of the testing. Where the purpose of testing is to evaluate the responseof a particular building material to exposures in this test method, test specimen can consist solely of the building material of interest. Such test specimensenable evaluation of the building mat
35、erial alone without influence by water absorption, drying, and dimensional change characteristics of other buildingmaterials that are used in test specimens consisting of a composite assembly of building materials. Where the purpose of testing is to evaluate the responseof a composite assembly of bu
36、ilding materials to exposures in this test method to more closely address conditions representative of end use, test specimenscan consist of a composite assembly of building materials as used such as occur in wall or floor/ceiling assembly construction.6.2 Where applicable based on the purpose of te
37、sting, test specimens shall include joints, fasteners, adhesives, and othermaterials as appropriate to the end-use.6.3 Before water immersion, test specimens shall be conditioned in a controlled environment at 75 6 5 F (24 6 3 C) and 506 5 % relative humidity (RH) until the equilibrium weight for th
38、e test specimen is achieved. Periodic weighing shall be used tomake a determination regarding whether equilibrium weight is achieved.6.3.1 The equilibrium weight, Winitial, shall be determined before water immersion.NOTE 2In practice, RH control is not exact and fluctuations occur during the conditi
39、oning period. Since change in weight because of RH fluctuationis usually small relative to the total change that a test specimen will experience, a steady increase or decrease in mass will generally occur during mostof the conditioning period. As the test specimen approaches equilibrium weight, weig
40、ht change associated with fluctuations in RH will cause a changein the direction of weight change, which is a sign that equilibrium weight has been reached. The reversal of direction of weight change can be used forequilibrium weight determination. A minimum of three results confirming the reversal
41、is recommended.7. Water Specifications7.1 Water shall be filtered potable tap water at 75 6 5 F (24 6 3 C) having a pH within the range of 6.0 to 9.0 and greaterthan 95 % of chlorine and fluorides removed with sewage surrogate, mold surrogates, and nutrients added in the quantities specifiedas follo
42、ws:7.1.1 Sewage Surrogate106 6 0.05 106 MPN/L Escherichia coli;7.1.2 Mold Surrogates106 6 0.05 106 cfu/LPenicillium brevicompactum, 106 6 0.05 106 cfu/LAureobasidium pullulans,and 106 6 0.05 106 cfu/L Eurotium herbariorum; and7.1.3 Nutrients0.1 % (weight/volume) potato dextrose extract.7.2 In this t
43、est method, references to water in which test specimens are immersed indicates use of water in accordance withspecifications in 7.1.8. Procedure8.1 Water ImmersionImmerse test specimens in water in accordance with specifications in 7.1 to the level specified in 8.1.2for a period of not less than 72
44、h nor more than 80 h.8.1.1 ApparatusA corrosion resistant tub or container, clean and free of debris, shall be used for soaking test specimens andshall be of adequate size to accommodate water immersion of test specimens as required in this test method.8.1.2 Test Specimen Orientation:8.1.2.1 Where e
45、nd-use is in a vertical orientation (for example, a wall assembly specimen), immerse test specimens to 50 6 10% of the height of the specimen.8.1.2.2 Where end-use is in a horizontal orientation (for example, a floor or ceiling assembly specimen), immerse such that noportion of the test specimen is
46、less than 1 in. (25 mm) below the surface of the water.8.1.3 The test specimens shall be placed on supports capable of supporting the test specimens off the bottom of the water bathwhile submerged to the specified depth. For test specimens that may otherwise float, weights or other methods of keepin
47、g testspecimens submerged to the specified depth shall be used.8.2 Water AbsorptionCompute water absorption as a percent increase over the initial pre-immersion test specimen weight as:WA 5Wwet 2WinitialWinitial3100 (1)where:WA = Percent increase in test specimen weight due to water immersion;Wwet =
48、 Weight of wet test specimen measured within 1 h after removal from water immersion, g; andWinitial = Equilibrium weight of test specimen before water immersion, g.NOTE 3The weight increase after water immersion can be determined by subtracting Winitial from Wwet. When other characterizations of wat
49、erabsorption are reported, such as ratio of weight increase to the dry volume of the test specimen, it is important to describe the basis for determinationE3075 183of volume of the test specimen. The description should include factors such as whether the test specimen volume is based only on solid portions ofmaterials making up the test specimen, whether dry volume is based on actual measured dry dimensions at equilibrium weight or specified nominaldimensions for the test specimen under dry conditions.8.3 DryingRemove test specimens from the wat
