1、Designation: E3005 15E3005 18Standard Terminology forBody Armor1This standard is issued under the fixed designation E3005; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates
2、 the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 The scope of this terminology is to provide a standard terminology for body armor providing protection against ballisticthreats, stabbing, fragmentation, blunt impact
3、, or a combination of threats.1.2 The intent of this terminology is to have terms, abbreviations, and formulas that are applicable across federal agencies, lawenforcement and corrections agencies, testing and certification bodies, and manufacturers.1.2.1 The terminology is kept general herein and sh
4、ould be defined more specifically as needed within individual test methodsor other standards.1.3 This terminology is not intended to describe test methods or performance requirements for body armor.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles
5、 on standardizationestablished in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issuedby the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2E3086 Practice for Creating Appliques f
6、or Use in Testing of Nonplanar Soft Body Armor Designed for FemalesE3107 Test Method for Resistance to Penetration and Backface Deformation for Ballistic-resistant Torso BodyArmor and ShootPacksE3110 Test Method for Collection of Ballistic Limit Data for Ballistic-resistant Torso Body Armor and Shoo
7、t PacksE3112 Test Method for Ballistic-resistant Products and Shoot Packs2.2 DOD Standard:3MIL-STD-3027 Method Standard for Performance Requirements and Testing of Body Armor2.3 NIJ Standard:4NIJ Standard-0101.06 Ballistic Resistance of Body Armor2.4 SAAMI Standard:5SAAMI Glossary of Industry Terms3
8、. Terminologyaccessory, na body armor component that is detachable or removable from the body armor and is intended to provide extendedarea of coverage protection against threats that may include ballistic threats, stabbing, fragmentation, blunt impact, or acombination of threats.DISCUSSION1 This te
9、rminology is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E54 on Homeland Security Applications and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E54.04 onPersonal Protective Equipment (PPE).Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2015Oct. 1, 2018. Published November 2015October 2018. Originally approved in 201
10、5. Last previous edition approved in 2015 asE3005 15. DOI: 10.1520/E3005-15.10.1520/E3005-18.2 For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standardsvolume information, refer to the standards Document S
11、ummary page on the ASTM website.3 Available from U.S. Government Printing Office Superintendent of Documents, 732 N. Capitol St., NW, Mail Stop: SDE, Washington, DC 20401, http:/www.access.gpo.gov.4 Available from National Institute of Justice (NIJ), 810 7th St., NW, Washington, DC 20531, http:/nij.
12、gov.5 Available from Sporting Arms and Ammunition Manufacturers Institute, Inc., 11 Mile Hill Rd, Newtown, Connecticut, 064702539, www.saami.org.This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the prev
13、ious version. Becauseit may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current versionof the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.Copyright ASTM In
14、ternational, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States1Accessories are typically attachments to tactical body armor providing protection to areas not covered by the vest, such as the shoulders, upper arms,neck, sides, pelvis, and groin. See tactical body arm
15、or. See vest.ammunition, none or more loaded cartridges consisting of case, primer, propellant, and one or more projectiles.angle of incidence, nthe angle between the test threat line of aim and the line normal to a reference plane based on the frontsurface of the backing assembly. (Adapted from NIJ
16、 0101.06). assembly or witness panel. (Test Method E3110 18). See alsoobliquity.DISCUSSIONSome standards have used the terms angle of incidence and obliquity as synonyms, but in this standard, they are defined differently. Fig. 1 providesexamples to aid in visualizing the difference between angle of
17、 incidence and obliquity.applique, na three-dimensional item molded from backing material that is shaped and sized for testing or conditioning anonplanar test item. (Practice E3086 17)DISCUSSIONSome appliques are designed for the purpose of filling the entire space behind a nonplanar test item; othe
18、r appliques are designed to assess featuresof a nonplanar test item.areal density, na measure of the mass of the armor panel per unit area, usually expressed in kilograms per square meter (kg/m2)or pound-mass per square foot (lbm/ft2).armor carrier, nSee carrier.armor panel, na component of soft bod
19、y armor consisting of protective materials, typically enclosed in a panel cover. Seeballistic panel, blunt impact panel, stab panel. See also panel cover.backface deformation (BFD), nthe indentation in the backing material caused by a projectile impact on the test item duringtesting. Synonymous with
20、 backface signature.DISCUSSIONDetails necessary for making BFD measurements are specified in individual test methods.backface signature, nSee backface deformation.backing assembly, na backing fixture filled with backing material. For example, a clay block is a type of a backing assembly.backing fixt
21、ure, nany apparatus designed to hold the backing material(s) for a specific test.backing material, nthe substance placed behind the test item during testing.DISCUSSIONThe backing material typically provides support for the test item, and it may act as a witness material and may provide a measurable
22、indication of thetest item performance.FIG. 1 Examples to Aid in Visualizing the Difference Between Angle of Incidence (Example 1) and Obliquity (Example 2)E3005 182ballistic panel, na type of armor panel intended to provide ballistic resistance.ballistic limit, na measure of an items ballistic resi
23、stance to complete penetration expressed as a velocity associated with someprobability of perforation. (Test Method E3110 18)DISCUSSIONThe item may be a test item, material, shoot pack, body armor, or other ballistic-resistant product.ballistic resistance, na characteristic of protective equipment o
24、r materials describing their ability to provide protection fromprojectiles.blunt impact panel, na type of armor panel intended to provide protection against impact from a blunt object.blunt impact resistance, na characteristic of protective equipment or materials describing their ability to provide
25、protectionagainst impact from a blunt object.body armor, nan item of personal protective equipment intended to protect the wearer from threats that may include ballisticthreats, stabbing, fragmentation, or blunt impact.DISCUSSIONLaw enforcement and corrections officers typically refer to body armor
26、as a vest. See vest.bullet, na projectile fired from a firearm or testing apparatus.DISCUSSIONThe SAAMI definition considers bullets to be projectiles fired from rifled barrels, which differentiates bullets from shot, slugs, fragment simulators,and other projectiles.carrier, na garment whose primary
27、 purpose is to retain the armor panel(s) or plate(s) and provide a means of supporting andsecuring the armor panel(s) or plate(s) to the wearer.cartridge, na single assembled unit consisting of a bullet, propellant, primer, and casing. Synonymous with bination armor, na type of body armor intended t
28、o protect the wearer from both ballistic threats and stabbing.DISCUSSIONCombination armor is sometimes called dual-threat armor or multiple-threat plete penetration, nthe result of a test threat impact if one or more of the following conditions are met: (1) any portion ofa test threat, a fragment of
29、 a test threat, or a fragment of the test item passes through the wear face of the test item; (2) a holeis created through the test item; (3) the presence of a test threat, a fragment of a test threat, or a fragment of the test item isembedded or passes into the backing material; or (4) a hole is cr
30、eated through the witness panel. Synonymous with perforation.DISCUSSIONThe conditions for complete penetration are specified in individual test methods.concealable body armor, na vest designed to be worn under the shirt (uniform or undercover) or in a carrier that looks like auniform shirt so that i
31、t is not easily seen.DISCUSSIONConcealable body armor is also called concealable armor.conditioning, na process that exposes an item, prior to testing, to a specified controlled environment or physical stresses, or both.fair hit, na test threat impact (on a test item) that meets all specified requir
32、ements in a particular test method.hard armor, nan item of personal protective equipment that is constructed of rigid materials and is intended to protect the wearerfrom threats that may include ballistic threats, stabbing, fragmentation, or blunt impact, or combinations thereof; synonymouswith hard
33、 armor plate and plate.E3005 183hard armor plate, nSee hard armor.in conjunction with armor, nsoft or hard armor that is designed to provide a specific level of ballistic protection only whenlayered with a specified model(s) of body armor.insert, na removable unit of protective material (soft armor
34、or hard armor) intended to be placed into a special pocket on a carrierto enhance protection in a localized area.nonplanar, adjhaving features that would prevent the test item from making full contact with a flat surface; typically used todescribe curved plates and armor designed for female wearers.
35、obliquity, nthe angle between the test threat line of aim and the line normal to a reference plane based on features of the testitem at the point of aim. (Adapted from MIL-STD-3027.) See also angle of incidence.DISCUSSIONSome standards have used the terms angle of incidence and obliquity as synonyms
36、, but in this standard, they are defined differently. Fig. 1 providesexamples to aid in visualizing the difference between angle of incidence and obliquity.over velocity, nvelocity that is greater than the upper limit of a specified range.panel cover, na covering, typically nonremovable, that enclos
37、es the protective materials and protects them from environmentalfactors, such as moisture, ultraviolet light, debris, and dust.partial penetration, nany result of a test threat impact that is not a complete penetration; synonymous with stop.perforation, nSee complete penetration.plate, nSee hard arm
38、or.projectile, nan object launched by external force.propellant, nin ammunition, the chemical mixture which, when ignited by a primer, generates gas that propels the projectilefrom the firearm or testing apparatus.residual velocity, nthe velocity at which a projectile exits the rear surface of a tes
39、t item.round, nSee cartridge.shoot pack, na test item prepared with materials, or with materials and construction features, utilized in body armor,ballistic-resistant products, but not intended to be worn as body armor or an accessory.a ballistic-resistant product. (Test Method E3112)DISCUSSIONThe s
40、hape, dimensions, or area of a shoot pack, or combinations thereof, may be specified by the test method.DISCUSSIONA shoot pack may be designed to simulate a body armor or an accessory.shotshell, na single, assembled unit consisting of propellant, primer, wad, shell (that is, casing), and either mult
41、iple pellets orone slug, for use in a shotgun.shot-to-edge distance, nthe distance from the center of the projectile impact to the nearest test item edge.shot-to-shot distance, nthe distance from the center of the projectile impact to the center of any other projectile impact on thetest item.small a
42、rms, nportable firearms, typically including handguns, shotguns, rifles, and light machine guns.DISCUSSIONThere is no universally accepted definition of small arms. Some military organizations do not consider handguns to be small arms.soft armor, nan item of personal protective equipment constructed
43、 of pliable/flexible materials intended to protect the wearerfrom threats that may include ballistic threats, stabbing, fragmentation, or blunt imact.soft body armor, nSee soft armor.E3005 184stab panel, na type of armor panel intended to provide stab resistance.stab resistance, na characteristic of
44、 protective equipment or materials describing their ability to provide protection from sharpor pointed objects, or both, which may include edged blades, spikes, and ice picks.stop, nSee partial penetration.strike face, nthe surface of an armor panel or plate intended to face the incoming threat.tact
45、ical body armor, na vest designed to be worn over the uniform shirt in a load bearing carrier that accepts various equipment.DISCUSSIONEquipment may include holsters, magazines, radios, or accessories.test item, na single article intended for testing.DISCUSSIONExamples may include one panel, one pla
46、te, or one shoot pack.test series, nthe set of all shots necessary to obtain the required number of fair hits on a single test item or the set of all shotsnecessary over multiple test items to generate the required data. (Test Method E3107 17a)test threat, nthe projectile, edged blade, spike, or oth
47、er object that is used in laboratory testing to impact the test item at a specificvelocity or energy to assess performance of body armor.trauma pack, na soft insert intended to reduce backface deformation due to a ballistic impact.trauma plate, na hard insert intended to reduce backface deformation
48、due to a ballistic impact.under velocity, nvelocity that is less than the lower limit of a specified range.unfair hit, na test threat impact that does not meet the specified requirements in a particular test method for impact location andspacing, velocity, obliquity, or yaw.vest, na type of body arm
49、or intended to protect the wearers torso.Vx, nthe velocity at which x % of the impacts by a specified test threat are expected to completely penetrate nominally identicaltest items when tested according to a specified test method.V0, nthe maximum velocity at which 0 % of the impacts by a specified test threat are expected to completely penetratenominally identical test items when tested according to a specified test method.V05, nthe velocity at which 5 % of the impa
