1、Designation: E1605 04 (Reapproved 2012)E1605 18Standard Terminology Relating toLead in Buildings1This standard is issued under the fixed designation E1605; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.
2、A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This terminology standard covers definitions for the following:1.1.1 Terms that are commonly used in the field of management of lead
3、hazards in facilities;1.1.2 Architectural terms, particularly those associated with older wood-frame buildings; and,1.1.3 Specialized terms that may be encountered by users in reports and notices that are generated during lead hazardmanagement activities.1.2 This terminology standard is supplementar
4、y to Terminology E631.1.3 Definitions adopted or derived from other documents include the following:1.3.1 Some of the definitions in this terminology standard are adopted as exact copies from other sources. The source is brieflyidentified at the right margin following the definition and fully identi
5、fied in Section 2.1.3.2 Some of the definitions in this terminology standard are adapted from other sources. Changes in these definitions weremade only to clarify the meaning, to incorporate related terms that also are defined in this terminology standard, or to ensure thatthe revised definition is
6、consistent with those for related terms. The source is briefly identified with the words “adapted” at the rightmargin following the definition, and is fully identified in Section 2.1.4 Terms within the definitions that are shown in boldface are defined in this terminology standard.1.5 This terminolo
7、gy standard excludes the following:1.5.1 Terms with a common dictionary meaning, except in cases where there is a specialized definition within the field of leadhazard management.1.5.2 Terms that are used only in individual ASTM standards in which they are defined adequately, whether formally or by
8、thecontext in which they appear.1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardizationestablished in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issuedby the World Trade Organ
9、ization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2C186 Test Method for Heat of Hydration of Hydraulic CementC859 Terminology Relating to Nuclear MaterialsD16 Terminology for Paint, Related Coatings, Materials, and ApplicationsD123 Terminology Relating to
10、TextilesD661 Test Method for Evaluating Degree of Cracking of Exterior PaintsD772 Test Method for Evaluating Degree of Flaking (Scaling) of Exterior PaintsD907 Terminology of AdhesivesD2864 Terminology Relating to Electrical Insulating Liquids and GasesD4214 Test Methods for Evaluating the Degree of
11、 Chalking of Exterior Paint FilmsD4538 Terminology Relating to Protective Coating and Lining Work for Power Generation FacilitiesE7 Terminology Relating to Metallography1 This terminology is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E06 on Performance of Buildings and is the direct responsibility of
12、Subcommittee E06.23 on LeadHazards Associated with Buildings.Current edition approved July 15, 2012Sept. 1, 2018. Published August 2012December 2018. Originally approved in 1994. Last previous edition approved in 20042012as E1605 04.E160504(2012). DOI: 10.1520/E1605-04R12.10.1520/E160518.2 For refer
13、encedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standardsvolume information, refer to the standardsstandards Document Summary page on the ASTM website.This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to p
14、rovide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Becauseit may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current versionof t
15、he standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States1E131 Terminology Relating to Molecular SpectroscopyE135 Terminology Relating to Analytical Chemistry for Metals
16、, Ores, and Related MaterialsE344 Terminology Relating to Thermometry and HydrometryE456 Terminology Relating to Quality and StatisticsE631 Terminology of Building ConstructionsE856 Definitions of Terms and Abbreviations Relating to Physical and Chemical Characteristics of Refuse Derived Fuel(Withdr
17、awn 2011)3E1187 Terminology Relating to Conformity Assessment (Withdrawn 2006)3E1227 Terminology for Chemical Analysis of Metals (Withdrawn 1991)3E1553 Practice for Collection of Airborne Particulate Lead During Abatement and Construction Activities (Withdrawn 2002)3E1613 Test Method for Determinati
18、on of Lead by Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectrometry (ICP-AES),FlameAtomicAbsorption Spectrometry (FAAS), or Graphite FurnaceAtomicAbsorption Spectrometry (GFAAS) TechniquesE1644 Practice for Hot Plate Digestion of Dust Wipe Samples for the Determination of LeadE1727 Practice for Fi
19、eld Collection of Soil Samples for Subsequent Lead DeterminationE1728 Practice for Collection of Settled Dust Samples Using Wipe Sampling Methods for Subsequent Lead DeterminationE1753 Practice for Use of Qualitative Chemical Spot Test Kits for Detection of Lead in Dry Paint FilmsE1777 Guide for Pri
20、oritization of Data Needs for Pavement ManagementE1792 Specification for Wipe Sampling Materials for Lead in Surface DustE1796 Guide for Selection and Use of Liquid Coating Encapsulation Products for Leaded Paint in BuildingsE1908 Guide for Sample Selection of Debris Waste from a Building Renovation
21、 or Lead Abatement Project for ToxicityCharacteristic Leaching Procedure (TCLP) Testing for Leachable Lead (Pb)E1913 Guide for Conducting Static,Axenic, 14-Day Phytotoxicity Tests in Test Tubes with the SubmersedAquatic Macrophyte,Myriophyllum sibiricum Komarov (Withdrawn 2012)3E1914 Practice for Us
22、e of Terms Relating to the Development and Evaluation of Methods for Chemical Analysis (Withdrawn2016)3E1979 Practice for Ultrasonic Extraction of Paint, Dust, Soil, and Air Samples for Subsequent Determination of LeadE2052 Guide for Evaluation, Management, and Control of Lead Hazards in Facilities
23、(Withdrawn 2008)3E2115 Guide for Conducting Lead Hazard Assessments of Dwellings and of Other Child-Occupied FacilitiesE2239 Practice for Record Keeping and Record Preservation for Lead Hazard ActivitiesE2255E2255/E2255M Practice for Conducting Visual Assessments for Lead Hazards in BuildingsE2271E2
24、271/E2271M Practice for Clearance Examinations Following Lead Hazard Reduction Activities in MultifamilyDwellingsF141 Terminology Relating to Resilient Floor CoveringsF221 Terminology Relating to Carbon Paper and Inked Ribbon Products and Images Made Therefrom (Withdrawn 2015)3F1156 Terminology Rela
25、ting to Product Counterfeit Protection Systems (Withdrawn 2001)3G40 Terminology Relating to Wear and ErosionIEEE/ASTM SI-10 Standard for Use of the International System of Units (SI), the Modernized Metric System2.2 Code of Federal Regulations:440 CFR 261 Identification and Listing of Hazardous Wast
26、e40 CFR 745.223 Lead-Based Paint Poisoning Prevention in Certain Residential Structures-DefinitionsStructuresDefinitions40 CFR 745.226 Certification of Individuals and Firms Engaged in Lead-Based Paint Activities: Target Housing andChild-Occupied Facilities40 CFR 745.227 Work Practice Standards for
27、Conducting Lead-Based Paint Activities: Target Housing and Child-OccupiedFacilities2.3 HUD Guidelines:5HUD Guidelines Guidelines for the Evaluation and Control of Lead-Based Paint Hazards in HousingHUD Interim Guidelines Lead-Based Paint: Interim Guidelines for Hazard Identification and Abatement in
28、 Public and IndianHousing2.4 ISO Standards:6ISO/IEC Guide 99 International vocabulary of metrology - Basic and general concepts and associated terms (VIM)ISO 900020009000:2000 Quality Management Systems management systems - Fundamentals and Vocabularyvocabulary3 The last approved version of this his
29、torical standard is referenced on www.astm.org.4 Available from U.S. Government Printing Office Superintendent of Documents, Publishing Office (GPO), 732 N. Capitol St., NW, Mail Stop: SDE, Washington, DC20401, http:/www.access.gpo.gov.http:/www.gpo.gov.5 Available from U.S. Department of Housing an
30、d Urban Development (HUD), 451 7th Street, SW, Washington, DC 20410, http:/www.hud.gov.6 Available from International Organization for Standardization (ISO), 1, ch. de la Voie-Creuse, CP 56, CH-1211 Geneva 20,ISO Central Secretariat, BIBC II, Chemin deBlandonnet 8, CP 401, 1214 Vernier, Geneva, Swit
31、zerland, http:/www.iso.org.E1605 1823. Significance and Use3.1 The purpose of this terminology standard is to help users understand and apply the large number of specialized terms usedin connection with the management of lead hazards by providing a single, comprehensive, and consistent terminology.3
32、.1.1 This terminology standard includes some terms that may be encountered, but whose use is discouraged. They are includedfor clarification and in order to provide the user with preferred existing alternate terms.3.1.2 Architectural terms for individual building components are included to promote c
33、onsistency of usage and to help ensurethat sampling locations are recorded with sufficient accuracy to allow independent confirmation of lead measurements, if necessary.3.2 A discussion is attached to certain definitions to help make the definition clear or to show how the term and its definitionare
34、 related to other terms.3.3 Terms and definitions in this terminology standard are based upon laws, regulations, and practices in the United States.Statesof America.3.3.1 Some of the definitions in this terminology standard are adopted verbatim or are adapted from definitions that are formallystated
35、 or implied in laws and regulations. They are not intended to replace the latter definitions. The user is responsible forunderstanding legal definitions and for ensuring that the legal obligations that are encompassed by them are fully satisfied.3.3.2 Users in other countries should refer to applica
36、ble national, regional, and local laws, regulations, and practices.4. Terminologyabrasion resistance (coatings)ability of a coating to resist being worn away and to maintain its original appearance, integrity,and structure when subjected to rubbing, scraping, or wear.accessible surfaceinterior or ex
37、terior surface (usually up to 5 ft (1.5 m) from floor or ground) that is accessible for a young childto mouth or chew. See also chewable surface.accreditation, nOfficial authorization, approval, or recognition accorded an individual or organization based upon specificqualifications. E631accuracy, nt
38、he closeness of the agreement between the result of a measurement and a true value of the quantity that is beingmeasured. adapted from draft ISO VIM, International Vocabulary of Basic and General Termsaction level, na level of a contaminant in a medium at or above which activities to control the lev
39、el are initiated.DISCUSSIONThe action level may be a maximum allowable level, as in the definition of lead-containing paint. In other cases, it is defined as below a maximumallowable level, and used as a warning to prevent the latter from being exceeded. An example is the action level in the OSHA le
40、ad standard.administrative controlsAdministrative measures that are used to control occupational exposures to hazards.DISCUSSIONThe most commonly-used commonly used administrative controls are job assignments and job rotations that are designed to limit the duration ofworker exposure. Another admini
41、strative control is purchase control to ensure the use of materials and equipment which produce the least amount ofhazard.administrative removal(of workers), temporary removal of workers from a job site prior to blood-lead levels reaching valuesrequiring medical removal.analyte, nchemical or element
42、 that is the subject of the testing or measurement in a sampling and analytical procedure, forexample, lead in paint.anodic stripping voltammetryan electroanalytical technique in which the concentration of a metal species analyte (such aslead) in a solution is determined by deposition (by reduction)
43、 on an electrode, then stripping from it (by oxidation). The peakelectrical current is measured during stripping, and is proportional to the original metal concentration.DISCUSSIONCommercial equipment is available to perform this method in the field as well as in fixed-site laboratories.Apparent Lea
44、d Concentration (ALC)The X-ray fluorescence (XRF) reading or average of more than one reading on a paintedsurface, not corrected for the substrate.E1605 183DISCUSSIONThis value was used in a now-obsolete method of correcting XRF readings for substrate effect, and has been replaced by use of the Perf
45、ormanceCharacteristic Sheet.atomic absorptionabsorption of radiant energy by ground-state atoms.DISCUSSIONSubstances when dispersed as an atomic vapor will absorb characteristic radiations identical to those that the same substances can emit. This propertyis the basis for analysis by atomic absorpti
46、on spectroscopy. D2864baluster (picket), none of a series of closely-spaced upright members that support the handrail in a railing system. E631bare soil, nsoil or sand not covered by grass, sod, other live ground covers, wood chips, gravel, artificial turf, or similar covering.E2255E2255/E2255Mbaseb
47、oard, na molding covering the juncture of a wall and the adjoining floor.batcha group of field or quality control samples that are processed together using the same reagents and equipment. E1553bias, nsystematic error of the indication of a measuring instrument. E456biological monitoringanalysis of
48、a persons blood or urine, or both, to determine the level of lead contamination in the body.blank sampleunexposed specimen of the medium used in testing, such as a wipe or a filter, which is analyzed with other samplesto determine whether samples are either (1) contaminated before collection (for ex
49、ample, in the field, or at the testing site), orare (2) contaminated after collection (for example, during transportation to the laboratory or in the laboratory), or both. Alsocalled a media blank, or a dummy specimen.blood-lead level (blood level)concentration of lead in the blood, 1 mole/L = 20.72 g/mL.gmL.DISCUSSIONBlood lead levels are associated with the risk and severity of toxic effects.calibration curvegraphical or mathematical representation of a relation between a measured parameter and a property of thestandard for the substa
