1、Designation: E1575 12E1575 18Standard Practice forPressure Water Cleaning and Cutting1This standard is issued under the fixed designation E1575; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in
2、 parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This practice covers the personnel requirements, operator training, operating procedures, and recommended equipmentperformance/design for the pr
3、oper operation of all types of pressure water-jet cleaning and cutting equipment as normally used byindustries concerned with construction, maintenance, repair, cleaning, cutting, and demolition work.1.2 The term high-pressure“high-pressure water jettingjetting” covers all water jetting, including t
4、he use of additives orabrasives at pressures above 100.5 psig (0.69 MPa).1.3 Any person required to operate or maintain pressure water-jetting equipment shall have been trained and have demonstratedthe ability and knowledge to do so in accordance with the original equipment manufacturers instruction
5、s, specifications, andtraining programs.1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The values in parentheses are for information only.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
6、of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety safety, health, and healthenvironmental practices and determine theapplicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. See 3.1.33.2.3, 4.4, 5.7.2, 5.11, 5.14, 6.2, 6.7, and Sections 8 and 11 for specifichazards statements.1.6 This intern
7、ational standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardizationestablished in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issuedby the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Commi
8、ttee.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2E1542 Terminology Relating to Occupational Health and Safety2.2 ANSI/IEEE Standard:3957-1987 IEEE Guide for Cleaning Insulators3. Terminology3.1 For definitions of terms used in this standard, see Terminology E1542.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to
9、This Standard:3.2.1 dump system, nthe discharge orifice operator-controlled, manually operated device or system that reduces the pressureto a level that yields a pressure flow at the nozzle that is considerably below the risk threshold.3.2.2 guard, nshould be so designed, constructed and used that i
10、t will:will:(a) provide positive protection;(b) prevent all access to the danger zone during operations;(c) cause the operator no discomfort or inconvenience;(d) not interfere unnecessarily with production;(e) operate automatically or with minimum effort;1 This practice is under the jurisdiction ofA
11、STM Committee E34 on Occupational Health and Safety and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E34.10 on IndustrialSafety.Current edition approved Aug. 1, 2012Oct. 1, 2018. Published September 2012November 2018. Originally approved in 1993. Last previous edition approved in 20082012as E1575 -
12、08.E1575 12. DOI: 10.1520/E1575-12.10.1520/E1575-18.2 For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standardsvolume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page on the ASTM website.3 Availab
13、le from American National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St., 4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http:/www.ansi.org.This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Becauseit m
14、ay not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current versionof the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Har
15、bor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States1(f) be suitable for the job and the machine;(g) preferably constitute a design, integral built-in feature;(h) provide for machine oiling, inspection, adjustment and repair;(i) withstand long use with minimum maintenance;(j) be d
16、urable, fire- and corrosion-resistant;(k) not constitute a hazard by themselves (without splinters, sharp corners, rough edges, or other sources of accidents); and(1) protect against foreseeable use and foreseeable misuse of operational contingencies, not merely against normally expectedhazards as d
17、etermined from a job safety analysis(1) Provide positive protection;(2) Prevent all access to the danger zone during operations;(3) Cause the operator no discomfort or inconvenience;(4) Not interfere unnecessarily with production;(5) Operate automatically or with minimum effort;(6) Be suitable for t
18、he job and the machine;(7) Preferably constitute a design, integral built-in feature;(8) Provide for machine oiling, inspection, adjustment, and repair;(9) Withstand long use with minimum maintenance;(10) Be durable, fire and corrosion resistant;(11) Not constitute a hazard by themselves (without sp
19、linters, sharp corners, rough edges, or other sources of accidents); and(12) Protect against foreseeable use and foreseeable misuse of operational contingencies, not merely against normally expectedhazards as determined from a job safety analysis.3.2.3 high-pressure water cleaning, vthe use of high-
20、pressure water, with or without the addition of other liquids or solidparticles, to remove unwanted matter from various surfaces, where the pressure of the liquid jet exceeds 100.5 psig (0.69 MPa)at the orifice. (WarningThe limit of 100.5 psig (0.69 MPa) does not mean that pressures below 100.5 psig
21、 (0.69 MPa) cannotcause injury or require any less attention to the principles of this practice. Adequate precautions, similar to those of this practice,are required at all pressures.)3.2.4 high-pressure water cutting, vthe use of high-pressure water, with or without the addition of other liquids or
22、 solidparticles, to penetrate into the surface of a material for the purpose of cutting that material, where the pressure of the liquid jetexceeds 100.5 psig (0.69 MPa) at the orifice.3.2.5 hose assembly, na hose with safety coupling, each indicating pressure capacities and attached in accordance wi
23、thmanufacturers specifications.3.2.6 lance, na rigid metal tube used to extend the nozzle from the end of the hose.3.2.7 lancing, van application whereby a lance and nozzle combination is inserted into, and retracted from, the interior of apipe or tubular product.3.2.8 moleing, van application where
24、by a hose fitted either with a nozzle or with a nozzle attached to a lance is inserted into,and retracted from, the interior of a tubular product. It is a system commonly intended for cleaning the internal surfaces of tubes,pipes, or drains. It can be self-propelled by its backward directed backward
25、-directed jets and is manufactured in various shapes,sizes, and combinations of forward- and backward-directed jets.3.2.9 nozzle, na device with one or more openings where the fluid discharges from the system. The nozzle restricts the areaof flow of the fluid, accelerating the water to the required
26、velocity and shaping it to the required flow pattern and distribution fora particular application. Combinations of forward and backward nozzles are often used to balance the thrust. Such nozzles arecommonly referred to as tips, jets, orifices, etc.3.2.10 operator, na person who has been trained in a
27、ccordance with the original manufacturers instructional training programand has demonstrated the knowledge, experience, and ability to perform the assigned task.3.2.11 operator trainee, na person not fully qualified due to the lack of sufficient knowledge or experience, or both, to performthe assign
28、ed task without supervision.3.2.12 pressure water jet system, nwater delivery systems that have nozzles or other openings whose function is to increasethe speed of liquids that may cause injury. Solid particles or additional chemicals may also be introduced, but the exit in all caseswill be in a fre
29、e stream. The system shall include the pumps (pressure-producing devices), hoses, lances, nozzles, valves, safetydevices, and personal protective equipment, as well as any heating elements or injection systems,systems attached thereto.3.2.13 shotgunning, nan application whereby a lance or nozzle com
30、bination can be manipulated in virtually all planes ofoperation.4. Significance and Use4.1 This practice is intended to provide guidance on the proper operation of pressure water-jet cleaning and cutting equipment.4.2 This practice is also applicable at lower pressures where there is foreseeable ris
31、k of injury.E1575 1824.3 This practice is provided to assist persons unfamiliar with the operation of water-jet cleaning and cutting equipment inlearning to correctly use the equipment.4.4 Correct operation and use of the pressure water-jet cleaning and cutting equipment requires that the operator h
32、as familiarizedhimself with the identification of pressure metal fittings, hoses, guns, and accessories in accordance with the original equipmentmanufacturersmanufacturers specifications, instructions, and programmed instructional materialmaterial; only then shall hydro-jetting begin. Modification o
33、f water-jetting equipment shall not be done without prior written approval by the manufacturer of theequipment. Employees shall be instructed in the recognition and avoidance of unsafe conditions as identified/required in 5.18.(WarningSerious harm or injury may result from the misuse of water-jettin
34、g equipment and the use of improper fittings, hoses,or attachments.)4.5 The use of pressure water-jet equipment for cutting and cleaning is a rapidly evolving technology. This practice will beperiodically reviewed for any required changes at least every five years.5. Apparatus5.1 Pressurizing PumpA
35、unit designed to deliver pressure water or other fluid with or without chemicals or particle material.This is usually based on positive displacement pistons or rubber diaphragm/hydraulic systems and discharges water into a commonmanifold in which either flexible hoses or rigid tubing connect to lanc
36、es and nozzles. These pumps can be either mobile orpermanently mounted.5.1.1 The pump shall have permanently mounted identification plates or tags which provide the following information:5.1.1.1 Product and supplier,5.1.1.2 Production model and serial number, or year of production,5.1.1.3 Maximum pe
37、rformance, in terms of gallons per minute and pressure in pound-force per square inch, and5.1.1.4 An outline of recommended safety procedures and warnings.5.2 Relief SystemThe system shall be equipped with an automatic relief device on the discharge side of the pump and anauxiliary relief dump devic
38、e as part of the pump.5.3 Relief System-TypesSystem TypesThese may take the form of the following:5.3.1 Pressure Relief Valve or Bursting Disk in HolderUsually mounted on the pump discharge chamber to prevent thepressure exceeding the rated maximum pressure of the whole system.5.3.2 Automatic Pressu
39、re Regulating Valve (Unloading Valve)Limits the pressure at which the pump operates by releasing apreset proportion of the generated flow back to the pump suction chamber or to waste. It may be used to regulate the water pressurefrom the pump and is individually set for each operation. This device m
40、ay be integral with the pump hydraulic assembly. Wherethere is no demand for pumpage, the pressure is brought down to zero.5.3.3 Bypass ValveLimits the pressure at which the pump operates by releasing a preset proportion of the generated flow backto the pump suction chamber or to waste. It may be us
41、ed to regulate the water pressure from the pump and is individually set foreach operation. This device may be integral with the pump hydraulic assembly.5.4 Pressure GageThe system shall be equipped with a gage indicating the pressure being developed. Gages shall have a scalerange of at least 50 % ab
42、ove the maximum working pressure of the system.5.5 Filter or StrainerThe water system shall be equipped with a filter or strainer to prevent particles from restricting theorifices in the nozzle. The strainer or filter shall be capable of removing particles smaller in size than the smallest orifice i
43、n thenozzle and usually smaller to protect pumps and other components.5.6 Dry Shut-Off Control ValveThis operator-controlled valve, normally hand-controlled, hand controlled, automatically shutsoff flow to the lance or nozzle assembly, or both, when released by the operator but retains the operating
44、 pressure within the supplyline when so shut off. This valve shall be used in systems with an automatic pressure regulating valve.5.6.1 Release the pressure in the dry shut-off valve and line when the pump is shut down; otherwise, the valve operating levermay remain alive. This valve may alternative
45、ly be actuated by solenoid or pilot pressure mechanism.5.7 Dump SystemThe system should be equipped with a device that will either shut down the unit, idle it to low revolutionsper minute, bypass the flow, or reduce the discharge pressure to a low level. The dump system shall be manually controlled
46、onlyby the nozzle orifice operator. The dump system actuator device should be shielded to preclude inadvertent operation. This deviceshall immediately shut off the pressure water stream if the operator loses control.5.7.1 Dump Control ValveAn operator-controlled valve, normally hand-operated, hand o
47、perated, that automatically terminatessignificant flow to the lance or nozzle assembly, or both, when released by the nozzle operator, thus relieving the operating pressurewithin the whole system by diverting the flow produced by the pump to atmosphere. A valve size should be selected that will notc
48、ause generation of significant back pressure at the maximum possible pumping rate of the pump. This valve may alternativelybe actuated by a solenoid or a pilot pressure mechanism.5.7.2 Solenoid and Electrically Operated Control Dump SystemsAll electrically controlled dump systems should be offail-sa
49、fe design. (WarningVoltage of an alternatingcurrent alternating current (ac) or directcurrent direct current (dc) dumpsystem handled by personnel shall not exceed 24 V.)E1575 1835.8 High-Pressure Hose and CouplingsA flexible hose and coupling that connects two components and delivers thehigh-pressure fluid to the gun or nozzle components. The hose and fittings shall have a burst rating of a minimum of 2.5 times themaximum working pressure. Operating levels below this ratio should require a protective shielding around that hose and coupling.The
