1、Designation: E1560 18Standard Test Method forGravimetric Determination of Nonvolatile Residue FromCleanroom Wipers1This standard is issued under the fixed designation E1560; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year
2、of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This test method covers the determination of solventextractable nonvolatile residue (NVR) from wipers used inassemb
3、ly, cleaning, or testing of spacecraft, but not from thoseused for analytical surface sampling of hardware.1.2 The NVR of interest is that which can be extracted fromcleanroom wipers using a specified solvent that has beenselected for its extractive qualities.Alternative solvents may beselected, but
4、 since their use may result in different values beinggenerated, they must be identified in the procedure data sheet.1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded asstandard. No other units of measurement are included in thisstandard.1.3.1 ExceptionThe inch-pound units are included forinformat
5、ion only.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-mine the applicability of regulatory limitations pri
6、or to use.1.5 This international standard was developed in accor-dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-ization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards, Guides and Recom-mendations issued by the World Trade Organization TechnicalB
7、arriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D1193 Specification for Reagent WaterE2217 Practice for Design and Construction of AerospaceCleanrooms and Contamination Controlled AreasF24 Test Method for Measuring and Counting ParticulateContamination on SurfacesF50 Prac
8、tice for Continuous Sizing and Counting of Air-borne Particles in Dust-Controlled Areas and CleanRooms Using Instruments Capable of Detecting SingleSub-Micrometre and Larger Particles2.2 Military Standards:3MIL-STD-1916 Acceptance on Zero Sampling Inspection2.3 Federal Standards:3Fed. Std. 209E Airb
9、orne Particulate Cleanliness Classes inCleanrooms and Clean Zones42.4 Other Documents:IEST-RP-CC001 HEPA and ULPA Filters5,6IEST-RP-CC005 Gloves and Finger Cots Used in Clean-rooms and Other Controlled Environments6ISO 14644-1 Cleanrooms and Associated ControlledEnvironments, Classification of air c
10、leanliness7ISO 14644-2 Cleanrooms and Associated ControlledEnvironments, Specifications for testing and monitoring toprove continued compliance with ISO 14644-15,73. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 contaminantunwanted molecular or particulate mat-ter that could affect or degrade the performance of
11、thecomponents on which they are deposited.3.1.2 contaminationa process of contaminant transport oraccretion or both.3.1.3 environmentally controlled areacleanrooms, cleanfacilities, controlled work areas, and other enclosures that aredesigned to protect hardware from contamination. Cleanliness1This
12、test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E21 on SpaceSimulation andApplications of Space Technology and is the direct responsibility ofSubcommittee E21.05 on Contamination.Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2018. Published November 2018. Originallyapproved in 1993. Last previous edition
13、 approved in 2011 as E1560 111. DOI:10.1520/E1560-18.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Availab
14、le from Standardization Documents Order Desk, DODSSP, Bldg. 4,Section D, 700 Robbins Ave., Philadelphia, PA 19111-5098, http:/dodssp.daps.dla.mil.4Fed-Std-209E has been replaced by ISO 14644-1 and -2, but may continue tobe used by mutual agreement.5The use of Di Octyl Phthalate (DOP) in leak testing
15、 of filters or filterinstallation is not acceptable.6Available from Institute of Environmental Sciences and Technology (IEST),Arlington Place One, 2340 S. Arlington Heights Rd., Suite 100, Arlington Heights,IL 60005-4516, http:/www.iest.org.7Available from American National Standards Institute (ANSI
16、), 25 W. 43rd St.,4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http:/www.ansi.org.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United StatesThis international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization e
17、stablished in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.1is achieved by controlling airborne particulate matter,temperature, relative humidity, materials, gar
18、ments, and per-sonnel activities. Guidelines for controlled areas can be foundin Practice E2217.3.1.4 high effciency particulate air (HEPA)a term de-scribing filters having an efficiency of 99.97 % for removal of0.3-m and larger particles. For this application, filters shallmeet the requirements of
19、IEST-RP-CC001.4 and section 6.1 ofthis test method.3.1.5 molecular contaminant (nonparticulate)may be in agaseous, liquid, or solid state. It may be uniformly or nonuni-formly distributed or be in the form of droplets. Molecularcontaminants account for most of the NVR.3.1.6 NVRthat quantity of molec
20、ular matter remainingafter the filtration of a solvent containing contaminants andevaporation of the solvent at a specified temperature.3.1.7 particle (particulate contaminant)a piece of matterin a solid state, with observable length, width, and thickness.The size of a particle is defined by its gre
21、atest dimension andis expressed in m.4. Summary of Test Method4.1 A wiper to be tested is placed in a clean blankedcontainer and a measured volume of solvent is added to thecontainer.4.2 The container is placed in a heated ultrasonic cleanerand agitated by ultrasonic action for a specified period of
22、 timeand the wiper is removed from the container.4.3 The solvent in the container is filtered into another cleancontainer and allowed to evaporate to a low volume.4.4 The solvent is transferred to a clean pre-weighed weigh-ing dish and evaporated to constant weight.4.5 The results are expressed in m
23、illigrams/0.1 squaremeters of wiper surface area or in mg/unit mass of wiper.4.6 A control blank shall be run on all solvents, filtrationcomponents, and all other equipment associated with theanalysis. In the event that more than one determination is runthe same day, additional blanks will not be ne
24、cessary, but willrely on the blank value from the first test.4.7 NVR samples thus obtained will be saved for analysis toidentify contaminant species if a more complete analysis isnecessary.5. Significance and Use5.1 The NVR obtained by this test method is that amountwhich is available for release by
25、 wipers in normal use.5.2 Evaporation of the solvent at the stated temperature is toquantify the NVR that can be expected to exist at roomtemperature, since the slight difference between room tempera-ture and test temperature has not been shown to result insignificant variances.5.3 This test method
26、may be more aggressive than necessaryfor the evaluation of wipers that will be restricted to dry useonly.5.4 Numerous other methods are being used to determineNVR. This test method is not intended to replace test methodsused for other applications.6. Apparatus and Materials6.1 Unidirectional airflow
27、 work station, 100 % exhaust forhandling solvents. Must meet the particulate air cleanlinessClass 5 (100), or better in accordance with ISO 14644-1 andISO 14644-2 (Fed-Std-209), latest revision when tested inaccordance with Practice F50. HEPA filters in the work stationmust not have been tested with
28、 Di-Octyl Phthalate (DOP) atany time. Temperature shall be controlled within a range of 20to 25C and relative humidity to less than 60 %.6.2 Analytical balance, 0.01-mg readability, 0.1-mg preci-sion. Capacity to be determined by user.6.3 Vacuum filtration system, 25-mm diameter, consisting ofa memb
29、rane filter funnel and vacuum pump that will provide apressure of 250 Torr (20-in. Hg vac.). Other size filtrationsystems may be used as needed. All items that will come incontact with solvents during analysis shall be of glass, stainlesssteel, or other material that will not affect the analysis via
30、induced contamination. Any house vacuum system may beused.6.4 Solvent resistant membrane filters, Fluorocarbon,25-mm diameter, 0.2-m nominal pore size. The use ofsupported membrane filters is not recommended because ofpossible adverse effects of the solvent on the support media.6.5 Teflon-coated twe
31、ezers, or hemostat, unserrated tips.6.6 Beakers, low form glass, 500 ml.6.7 Laboratory detergent, liquid.6.8 Methanol, Reagent grade, A.C.S.6.9 Acetone, Reagent grade, A.C.S.6.10 Deionized water, organic free, Type II per SpecificationD1193 with a minimum resistivity of 1.0 M-cm.6.11 Gloves,8Barrier
32、-type, low particle-generating, lowoutgassing, per IEST RP-CC005.6.12 NVR solvent, Must be verified to contain no more than0.35-mg NVR per 300-mLsolvent (0.12 mg per 100 mL) whentested in accordance with Section 8 of this test method.NOTE 1A solvent should be selected that is representative of these
33、rvice conditions of the wiper. The solvent used must be recorded in thetest report. Historically, a solvent consisting of three parts 1,1,1 trichlo-roethane and one part ethanol v/v has been used. 1.1.1 trichloroethane isan ozone depleting substance that is no longer available. Examples ofsolvents c
34、urrently used are acetone, ethyl acetate, ethyl alcohol, isopropylalcohol, hexane, and the azeotrope of ethyl acetate/cyclohexane. Ethylalcohol and isopropyl alcohol are the least effective at removing NVR butare used when they reflect actual solvent usage in service.NOTE 2In the event that the solv
35、ent does not meet the required puritylevel, it may be necessary to triple distill it, keeping the temperature of thevapor phase of the distillate no more than 0.2C higher than the boiling8Gloves are necessary to protect the analyst from exposure to NVR solvent andto minimize the possibility of intro
36、ducing any artifacts from the analyst into thesample. Must be resistant to the solvent used and provide a firm grip on items beinggrasped by the gloves.E1560 182point of the solvent. Higher temperatures will result in the “carryover” ofheavier fractions in the vapor phase, which will cause the solve
37、nt to failthe required purity tests.6.13 Ultrasonic tank, 5.7-L capacity nominal, with heatercapable of maintaining a temperature of 35 6 2C, and coverto position beakers in tank. Other sizes may be used.6.14 Evaporating dishes, aluminum foil, 43-mm diameter,or acceptable equivalent.6.15 Drying oven
38、 (desiccator), cleanroom compatible,stainless steel interior.7. Preparation of Equipment7.1 All operations shall be performed in a work station inaccordance with section 6.1.7.2 Wash all glassware, filter funnels, weighing dishes, andassociated tools in a 3 % solution of liquid detergent indeionized
39、 water. Rinse with deionized water for a period of 1minute, followed by rinsing with acetone or methanol, thenwith the NVR solvent described in section 6.10. Dry in acleaned oven for1hat35C, remove, and store in a desiccatoruntil used.7.3 All items, such as glassware, funnels, and so forth, thatwill
40、 come in contact with the NVR solvent during analysis,will be blanked in accordance with Section 8 of this testmethod before use.8. NVR and System Blank8.1 The NVR of the solvent, and all glassware or other itemsthat will come in contact with the solvent during the analysis,shall be determined befor
41、e use. The only exception is whenseveral tests are to be run consecutively, in which case, theblank only needs to be determined once for a batch. It must beremembered that this solvent will absorb moisture from theatmosphere every time the storage container is opened, so largequantities should not b
42、e processed at one time.8.1.1 Pour 300 mL of solvent into a 500-mL beaker cleanedper 7.2.8.1.2 Perform analysis per Section 9.8.1.3 The NVR blank shall be less than 0.35 mg per 300mL.8.1.4 Record the results of the blank analysis on the testreport form.8.1.5 Solvents that do not meet the NVR require
43、ments maybe redistilled and retested.8.1.6 Only verified clean, non-contaminating metals, glass,or fluorocarbon containers are acceptable for storage ofblanked solvent.9. Procedure9.1 All operations shall be performed in a work station inaccordance with section 6.1.9.2 Assemble the filtration assemb
44、ly according to manufac-turers instructions.9.3 When reporting results on the basis of mg per unit area,place enough wipers to provide a combined surface area of 0.1m2, minimum, in a precleaned 500-mL beaker.9For example,a wiper measuring 6 by 6 in. will have a surface area of 36 in.2,thus requiring
45、 four wipers to provide the necessary surfacearea. Do not cut wipers to simplify calculations or for any otherpurpose. The wipers must be tested as received from thesupplier. (No attempt shall be made to determine the surfacearea of each individual fiber in a woven product.) Whenreporting results on
46、 the basis of mg per unit mass, weigh asample of the wipers to be tested (similar to above sample size)to an accuracy of 0.1 mg. Place in beaker as above.9.4 Add 300-mL blanked NVR solvent to beaker. Coverbeaker with a watchglass to minimize contamination of sampleby fallout.NOTE 3Wipers larger than
47、 0.1 m2will require 500 mL of solvent toensure complete wetting of the sample.9.5 Place beaker in ultrasonic tank that has been filled withfluid heated to 35 6 2C and install tank cover to position thebeaker in the tank. Typically, the fluid used is D.I. water.9.6 Agitate for 30 min. This agitation
48、is necessary to ensurethat all available NVR is contacted by solvent and removedfrom the wiper being tested.9.7 Remove beaker from tank and extract wiper(s) usingprecleaned tongs. Hold wipers over the beaker until drippingceases. Place damp wiper on a tray or rack to dry. When theitem is dry, as det
49、ermined by a lack of solvent odors, it will beplaced in a clean Nylon plastic envelope, and saved for futurereference, or discarded at the option of the analyst. No furtheranalysis will be performed on this sample.9.8 Filter the solvent into a precleaned and blanked beakerthat has been installed in the filtration assembly.109.9 When all the solvent has been filtered, rinse the filterassembly with solvent (exact volume of rinse is not critical).The filter membrane may be removed from the filter assemblyand analyzed in accordance with Appendix X1 to determine
