1、Designation: E1307 10E1307 18Standard Practice forSurface Preparation and Structural Adhesive Bonding ofPrecured, Nonmetallic Composite Facings to StructuralCore for Flat Shelter Panels1This standard is issued under the fixed designation E1307; the number immediately following the designation indica
2、tes the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of t
3、he U.S. Department of Defense.1. Scope1.1 This practice covers the materials, processes, and quality controls to be used in the manufacture of durable adhesive bonded,nonmetallic faced, flat sandwich panels for rigid wall relocatable shelters.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as s
4、tandard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversionsto inch-pound units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibilityof the us
5、er of this standard to establish appropriate safety safety, health, and healthenvironmental practices and determine theapplicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardizationestabli
6、shed in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issuedby the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2C297/C297M Test Method for Flatwise Tensile Strength of Sandwich
7、ConstructionsE631 Terminology of Building ConstructionsE865 Specification for Structural Film Adhesives for Honeycomb Sandwich PanelsE990 Specification for Core-Splice Adhesive for Honeycomb Sandwich Structural PanelsE1091 Specification for Nonmetallic Honeycomb Core for Use in Shelter PanelsE17492.
8、2 Federal Standard:3FED STD 209 Clean Room and Work Station Requirements2.3 Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE) Standard:4SAE-AMS-S-8802 Sealing Compound, Temperature-Resistant, Integral Fuel Tanks and Fuel Cell Cavities, High-Adhesion2.4 Military Handbook:3MIL-Handbook 337 Adhesive Bonded Aerospa
9、ce Structures3. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 For definitions of general terms related to building construction used in this practice, refer to Terminology E631 and forgeneral terms related to rigid wall relocatable shelters, refer to Terminology E1749.1 This practice is under the jurisdiction of
10、 ASTM Committee E06 on Performance of Buildings and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E06.53 on Materials andProcesses for Durable Rigidwall Relocatable Structures.Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2010Oct. 1, 2018. Published December 2010November 2018. Originally approved in 1989. Last pr
11、evious edition approved in 20052010as E1307 05.E130710. DOI: 10.1520/E1307-10.10.1520/E130718.2 For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standardsvolume information, refer to the standardsstandards
12、Document Summary page on the ASTM website.3 Available from Standardization Documents Order Desk, DODSSP, Bldg. 4, Section D, DLA Document Services, Building 4/D, 700 Robbins Ave., Philadelphia, PA19111-5098, http:/dodssp.daps.dla.mil.19111-5094, http:/quickserachdla.mil.4 Available from SAE Internat
13、ional (SAE), 400 Commonwealth Dr., Warrendale, PA 15096-0001,15096, http:/www.sae.org.This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Becauseit may not be technically possible to
14、adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current versionof the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Consh
15、ohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States14. Significance and Use4.1 Durable adhesive bonds of composite laminates can be obtained reliably only through proper selection and careful controlof the materials used and the steps in the bonding process. The preparation of the composite laminates to obtain su
16、rfaces withappropriate characteristics is a critical step. Improper surface preparation can produce seemingly acceptable bonds that can degraderapidly with time. This practice describes how properly prepared surfaces can be obtained.4.2 The formation of reproducible, durable, adhesive bonds in struc
17、tural units requires great care in the selection of materials,the preparation of the surfaces of the parts to be bonded, the fit of parts, and the performance of the steps in the bonding process.Experience has shown that adhesive bonding carried out in accordance with this practice produces reproduc
18、ible bonds.5. Materials5.1 MaterialsMaterials shall be as specified herein or as specified in the contract. All materials shall be stored and handledin such a manner as to provide protection against degrading environments and mechanical damage.5.2 Composite Reinforcement and ResinThe composite reinf
19、orcement and resin shall meet the requirements specified in theprocurement document.5.3 Peel Ply FabricA nonreuseable peel ply shall be used. Closely woven fabric of nylon, polyester, or glass has been foundsuitable. The peel ply fabric must be compatible with the manufacturing process.5.4 Precured
20、FacingsThe facings shall be certified as complying with the reinforcement, resin binder, resin content, andthickness requirements of the procurement document. Facings shall be free of defects that may adversely affect the structuralintegrity of the bonded panel.5.5 CoreThe core material shall be as
21、specified in Specification E1091 or the procurement document and shall meet therequirements of the applicable document.5.6 Structural Film AdhesiveThe adhesive shall conform to the requirements of Specification E865. It shall be stored inaccordance with the manufacturersmanufacturers recommendations
22、.5.7 Core Splice AdhesiveThe core splice adhesive shall conform to the requirements of Specification E990. It shall be storedin accordance with the manufacturersmanufacturers recommendations.6. Facilities6.1 Panel Assembly Layup AreaThe panel assembly layup area is an enclosed, environmentally contr
23、olled area (ECA) that iscontinuously controlled for temperature, relative humidity, and concentration of airborne particles. The ECA shall be maintainedat a temperature of 24 6 6C6 C (75 6 10F)10 F) and not more than 50 % relative humidity. The temperature and relativehumidity shall be recorded cont
24、inuously. All incoming and recirculated air shall be filtered to control airborne particles. The airhandling equipment shall provide at least five air changes per hour in the ECA. The filters shall ensure that the particle count withinthe ECA will not exceed 7 106 particles per cubic metre (200 000
25、particles per cubic foot) of size 1 m and larger. The airpressure differential between the ECA and adjacent areas shall be monitored continuously and recorded at least twice weekly. Theair pressure in the ECAshall be maintained above that of adjacent areas by a minimum of 50 Pa (0.015 in. Hg). The p
26、article countshall be monitored in accordance with FED STD 209. The recorders shall be calibrated every six months. The ECA shall beconspicuously identified at all entrances as “limited access.” Unnecessary traffic within the ECAshall not be permitted. Eating andsmoking within the ECAshall not be pe
27、rmitted and the ECAshall be so posted.All material, tools, and equipment used in the ECAshall be clean, low shed, and free from lint, oil, and grease. The use and application of oil, grease, mold release agents, or otherpossible contaminants within the ECA shall be prohibited. The interior, exposed
28、surfaces of the ECA shall be nonshedding andeasily cleaned to minimize dust generation.Any particle-generating preparations such as removal of peel ply, insertion of foam intohoneycomb core, or cleaning must be accompanied by filtered vacuum when performed in the ECA.7. Equipment7.1 Platen PressPres
29、sure equipment for bonding of shelter panels shall be large enough to permit the bonding of the totalpanel in one step. The manufacturer shall provide calibration and test data demonstrating that the temperature on the two facingsof press platens during lamination will be equal and uniform within 4
30、% of their nominal temperature.The pressure equipment usedfor curing the panels shall be capable of applying greater than 140 kPa (20 psi) and 150C (300F)150 C (300 F) over the entirepanel surface. Platens shall be flat to within 0.17 mm/m (0.002 in./ft). The pressure equipment shall be equipped wit
31、h temperatureand pressure recorders and controls that accurately control heat-up rate, pressure application, dwell time, cool down (whenrequired), and pressure removal. The pressure equipment shall also be equipped with suitable devices (for example, caul sheets)that facilitate moving the panel layu
32、p into the press without misaligning the layup.7.1.1 Calibrations, Temperature, and Pressure Requirements and ControlsGagesGauges shall be calibrated at least every sixmonths by an accredited independent laboratory or by the manufacturer if approved by the purchaser. The latest calibrationcertificat
33、e shall be attached to the equipment near each gage.gauge. It shall be demonstrated that the actual bonding pressure isE1307 182within 10 % of the nominal pressure. It shall also be demonstrated that the average temperatures of the top and bottom panelfacings during the bonding process are equal and
34、 uniform to within 4 % of the nominal temperature. Thermocouples placed within150 mm (6 in.) of each corner and at the center of each facing shall be used to demonstrate the uniformity of the temperature.Compliance of the equipment with these requirements shall be verified at intervals not exceeding
35、 six months. A permanent recordof the pressure, time, and temperature measurements during bonding compliance checks shall be maintained.All calibrations mustbe traceable to the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST).7.2 AutoclaveThe autoclave equipment for bonding shelter panels shall
36、 be large enough to permit the bonding of entire shelterpanel assemblies in one step. The autoclave shall be equipped with vacuum gagesgauges and temperature and pressure recordersthat accurately control heat-up rate, pressure application, dwell time, cool down, and pressure removal. Vacuum venting
37、facilitiesshall be provided. The autoclave equipment used for curing the panels shall be capable of applying greater than 140 kPa (20 psi)and 150C (300F).150 C (300 F). The manufacturer shall provide calibration and test data demonstrating that the temperaturewas maintained within 4 % of the nominal
38、 temperature and the pressure was maintained within 10 % of the operating pressure.7.3 Testing EquipmentThe supplier shall have available sufficient testing equipment to ensure that all process controlspecimen preparation and testing required by this practice can be accomplished.All calibrations of
39、test equipment required by thispractice shall be traceable to the NIST.8. Preparation of Composite Facings8.1 The composite reinforcement, number of plies, resin, and cure cycle shall meet the requirements as specified in the shelterspecification.8.2 Peel PlyA peel ply shall be included as the surfa
40、ce layer for the side of the precured skin that will be later bonded. Thepeel ply shall extend past all edges.8.3 Peel Ply RemovalPrior to bonding, remove the peel ply from the faying surface to provide a clean, high-area surface idealfor bonding. Removal shall be accomplished in the ECA.9. Quality
41、Assurance of Composite Facings9.1 HandlingParts with the peel ply removed or being removed shall be handled using clean gloves or other methods toprevent surface contamination.9.2 MarkingAll processed parts shall be marked with the date and time of manufacture. If the surface with the peel plyremove
42、d must be marked, marking shall be lightly scribed.9.3 Written Process ProcedureEach processor shall keep a written record of the date and time the peel ply was removed, thetime placed into the ECA, and the time the facing was bonded.9.4 Visual InspectionAfter removal of the peel ply, the faying sur
43、face shall be inspected for defects as defined by theprocurement document. Any defects shall be recorded.10. Shelter Panel Construction10.1 The matrix resin, fiber reinforcement, thickness of the facings, edge closure details, core type, and the weights and sizesof the panels shall be as specified i
44、n the procurement document. Unless otherwise specified, the allowable deviation from flatnessof the bonded panel shall be within 1.5 mm (116 in.) when measured as specified in 14.3.115.3.1 against the concave side of thepanel. With the panel in a horizontal position, lay the straight edge on the pan
45、el surface and measure the maximum gap betweenthe straightedge and the panel. The facing surfaces may contain local bulges or depression within the allowable flatness tolerancespecified above.10.2 Edge Closures and Framing MembersThe edge closures and framing members shall be as specified in the she
46、lter designspecification. When the shelter design requires the edge closures and framing members to be bonded simultaneously with panelbonding, the edge closures and framing members shall be bonded to the facings with the adhesive specified in 4.65.6 and to thecore with adhesive specified in 4.75.7.
47、10.3 Preparation of Composite Facing and Edge ClosuresCutting, trimming, and sizing shall be made prior to surfacepreparation. Silicone based cutting fluids shall not be used in processing of detailed parts. The prepared composite facings andframing members shall be free of contaminants before appli
48、cation of the adhesive. Parts requiring identification shall be markedwith inks or methods approved for bonding.10.4 Preparation of CoreThe core shall be cleaned of dust with dry, oil-free, filtered compressed air or vacuumed prior todelivery to the panel assembly layup area. When honeycomb core is
49、used and the cells are filled with plastic foam, the surface ofthe installed foam shall be at least 1.5 mm (116 in.) below the surface of the honeycomb on both surfaces, and all bonding surfacesshall be free of foam, dust, and contaminants by vacuuming. When a panel requires more than one sheet of core, the seam betweenpieces shall be spliced so that the uniformity of thickness is maintained across the seam. The core splicing material must beimpermeable to water and serve as a barrier to water migration and meet the requirements of S
