1、Designation: D8029 17aD8029 18Standard Specification forBiodegradable, Low Aquatic Toxicity Hydraulic Fluids1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D8029; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of las
2、t revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope*1.1 This specification covers performance requirements for biodegradable hydraulic fluids with low aquatic toxicity used ini
3、ndustrial/mobile hydraulic applications.1.2 In some cases, biodegradable fluids have been found to perform differently than traditional mineral oils, thus separateperformance requirements are desirable.1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement ar
4、e included in this standard.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibilityof the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability ofregulator
5、y limitations prior to use.1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardizationestablished in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issuedby the World Trade Organizati
6、on Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D92 Test Method for Flash and Fire Points by Cleveland Open Cup TesterD97 Test Method for Pour Point of Petroleum ProductsD130 Test Method for Corrosiveness to Copper from Petroleum Products by Copper Strip Tes
7、tD445 Test Method for Kinematic Viscosity of Transparent and Opaque Liquids (and Calculation of Dynamic Viscosity)D664 Test Method for Acid Number of Petroleum Products by Potentiometric TitrationD665 Test Method for Rust-Preventing Characteristics of Inhibited Mineral Oil in the Presence of WaterD8
8、92 Test Method for Foaming Characteristics of Lubricating OilsD943 Test Method for Oxidation Characteristics of Inhibited Mineral OilsD974 Test Method for Acid and Base Number by Color-Indicator TitrationD1298 Test Method for Density, Relative Density, or API Gravity of Crude Petroleum and Liquid Pe
9、troleum Products byHydrometer MethodD1401 Test Method for Water Separability of Petroleum Oils and Synthetic FluidsD2070 Test Method for Thermal Stability of Hydraulic OilsD2270 Practice for Calculating Viscosity Index from Kinematic Viscosity at 40 C and 100 CD2422 Classification of Industrial Flui
10、d Lubricants by Viscosity SystemD2983 Test Method for Low-Temperature Viscosity of Automatic Transmission Fluids, Hydraulic Fluids, and Lubricants usinga Rotational ViscometerD3427 Test Method for Air Release Properties of Hydrocarbon Based OilsD4052 Test Method for Density, Relative Density, and AP
11、I Gravity of Liquids by Digital Density MeterD4310 Test Method for Determination of Sludging and Corrosion Tendencies of Inhibited Mineral OilsD5864 Test Method for Determining Aerobic Aquatic Biodegradation of Lubricants or Their ComponentsD6081 Practice for Aquatic Toxicity Testing of Lubricants:
12、Sample Preparation and Results Interpretation1 This specification is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D02 on Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeD02.N0 on Hydraulic Fluids.Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2017Oct. 1, 2018. Published
13、 October 2017October 2018. Originally approved in 2016. Last previous edition approved in 2017 asD8029 17.D8029 17a. DOI: 10.1520/D8029-17A.10.1520/D8029-18.2 For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of AST
14、M Standardsvolume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page on the ASTM website.This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Becauseit may not be technically po
15、ssible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current versionof the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standardC
16、opyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States1D6731 Test Method for Determining theAerobic,Aquatic Biodegradability of Lubricants or Lubricant Components in a ClosedRespirometerD6866 Test Methods for Determining the Biobased Content
17、of Solid, Liquid, and Gaseous Samples Using RadiocarbonAnalysisD7042 Test Method for Dynamic Viscosity and Density of Liquids by Stabinger Viscometer (and the Calculation of KinematicViscosity)D7043 Test Method for IndicatingWear Characteristics of Non-Petroleum and Petroleum Hydraulic Fluids in a C
18、onstantVolumeVane PumpD7373 Test Method for Predicting Biodegradability of Lubricants Using a Bio-kinetic ModelD7752 Practice for Evaluating Compatibility of Mixtures of Hydraulic Fluids2.2 EPA Standards:3OPPTS 835.3110 Ready BiodegradabilityOPPTS 850.1010 Aquatic Invertebrate Acute Toxicity Test, F
19、reshwater DaphnidsOPPTS 850.1075 Fish Acute Toxicity Test, Freshwater and MarineOPPTS 850.5400 Algal Toxicity, Tiers I and II2.3 OECD Standards:4OECD Test No. 107 Partition Coefficient (N-Octanol/Water), Shake Flask MethodOECD Test No. 117 Partition Coefficient (N-Octanol/Water), High Performance Li
20、quid Chromatography MethodOECD Test No. 123 Partition Coefficient (1-Octanol/Water): Slow-Stirring MethodOECD Test No. 201 Freshwater Alga and Cyanobacteria, Growth Inhibition TestOECD Test No. 202 Daphnia sp. Acute Immobilisation TestOECD Test No. 203 Fish, Acute Toxicity TestOECD Test No. 301 Read
21、y BiodegradabilityOECD Test No. 305 Bioaccumulation in Fish: Aqueous and Dietary Exposure2.4 CEC Standards:5CEC Test Method L-45-99 Viscosity Shear Stability of Transmission Lubricants2.5 ISO Standards:6ISO 6072 RubberCompatibility between hydraulic fluids and standard elastomeric materialsISO 9408
22、Water qualityEvaluation of ultimate aerobic biodegradability of organic compounds in aqueous medium bydetermination of oxygen demand in a closed respirometerISO 9439 Water qualityEvaluation of ultimate aerobic biodegradability of organic compounds in aqueous mediumCarbondioxide evolution testISO 145
23、93 Water qualityEvaluation of ultimate aerobic biodegradability of organic compounds in aqueous mediumMethodby analysis of inorganic carbon in sealed vessels (CO2 headspace test)ISO 17025 General requirements for the competence of testing and calibration laboratories3. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1
24、.1 acute ecotoxicity, nthe propensity of a test material to produce adverse behavioral, biochemical, or physiological effectsin non-human organisms or populations in a short period, usually not constituting a substantial portion of their life span.3.1.2 acute ecotoxicity test, na comparative ecotoxi
25、city test in which a representative subpopulation of organisms is exposedto different treat rates of a test material and is observed for a short period, usually not constituting a substantial portion of theirlife span.3.1.3 bioaccumulation, nthe net accumulation of a substance by an organism as a re
26、sult of uptake from all environmentalsources.3.1.4 biodegradation, nthe process of chemical breakdown or transformation of a material caused by organisms or theirenzymes.3.1.4.1 DiscussionBiodegradation is only one mechanism by which materials are transformed in the environment.3.1.5 hydraulic fluid
27、, na liquid used in hydraulic systems for lubrication and transmission of power.3 U.S. EPA Prevention, Pesticides, and Toxic Substances (7101); available from United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), William Jefferson Clinton Bldg.,1200 Pennsylvania Ave., NW, Washington, DC 20460, http:/
28、www.epa.gov.4 Available from Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD), 2 rue Andr Pascal, 75775 Paris Cedex 16, France, http:/www.oecd.org.5 Available from Coordinating European Council (CEC), Services provided by Kellen Europe,Avenue Jules Bordet 142 - 1140, Brussels, Belgium, h
29、ttp:/www.cectests.org.6 Available from International Organization for Standardization (ISO), ISO Central Secretariat, BIBC II, Chemin de Blandonnet 8, CP 401, 1214 Vernier, Geneva,Switzerland, http:/www.iso.org.D8029 1824. Biodegradable Hydraulic Fluid Performance Requirements4.1 Table 1 summarizes
30、the environmental behavior requirements.4.2 Table 2 summarizes the physical property and performance requirements.4.3 This specfication assumes that all biodegradable hydraulic fluids shall have a minimum impact on human health, which isdocumented in the safety data sheet offering a labeling-free pr
31、oduct in accordance with globally harmonized system (GHS)regulation.5. Compatibility of Mixtures of Hydraulic Fluids5.1 As a general guideline, different fluids should not be mixed.5.2 Compatibility should be evaluated according to Practice D7752.6. Keywords6.1 aquatic toxicity; bioaccumulation; bio
32、degradable; environmentally acceptable lubricants (EAL); fluids; hydraulicsTABLE 1 Environmental Behavior RequirementsNOTE 1The bioconcentration factor (BCF) shall be assessed according to OECD 305, Part C.13 of the Annex to Regulation (EC) No 440/2008, orequivalent test methods.NOTE 2Since most sub
33、stances used in lubricants are quite hydrophobic, the BCF value should be based on the lipid weight content and care mustbe shown to ensure a sufficient exposure time.NOTE 3The log octanol/water partition coefficient (log Kow) shall be assessed according to Part A.8 of the Annex to Regulation (EC) N
34、o 440/2008or OECD 107, OECD 117, OECD 123, or equivalent test methods.NOTE 4In case of an organic substance other than a surfactant where no experimental value is available, a calculation method can be used.NOTE 5The following calculation methods are allowed: CLOGP, LOGKOW (KOWWIN), and SPARC. Estim
35、ated log Kow values by any of thesecalculation methods 7 indicates that the substance is not expected to bioaccumulate.NOTE 6If a substance is evaluated for the formulation and main constituents, the LC 50 of fluids must be at least 100 mg L. If a substance is evaluatedfor each constituent substance
36、, rather than the complete formulation and main compounds, then constituents comprising less than 20 % of fluids can havean LC 50 between 10 mg L and 100 mg L or a no observed effect concentration (NOEC) between 1 mg L and 10 mg L, constituents comprising lessthan 5 % of fluids can have an LC 50 bet
37、ween 1 mg L and 10 mg L or a NOEC between 0.1 mg L and 1 mg L, and constituents comprising less than1 % of fluids can have an LC 50 less than 1 mg L or a NOEC between 0 mg L and 0.1 mg L.Characteristics of Tests Units Requirements EPA StandardUltimate Biodegradability, minA % 60 Test Method D5864B /
38、OPPTS 835.3110 former 712-C-98-076% 67 Test Method D6731B /OPPTS 835.3110 former 712-C-98-076BioaccumulationC Log Kow 7 OECD Test No. 117DBCF # 100 L kg OECD Test No. 305DAcute Aquatic ToxicityAcute fish toxicity, 96 h, LC50, minA mg/L 100 OPPTS 850.1075E former 712-C-96-118Acute Daphnia toxicity, 4
39、8 h, EC50, minA mg/L 100 OPPTS 850.1010F former 712-C-96-114Acute Algae toxicity, 72 h, EC50, minA mg/L 100 OPPTS 850.5400G former 712-C-96-164Renewability % Report Test Methods D6866A Biodegradability and aquatic toxicity tests should be performed according to Good Laboratory Practice (GLP) or ISO
40、17025. Water-soluble fluids shall be tested inaccordance with the test method cited. Fluids with low water solubility shall be tested using water-accommodated fractions, prepared according to Practice D6081.Biodegradation testing may be done on the lubricant formulation or the main components. Lubri
41、cant formulations must contain at least 90 % (w/w (weight in weightconcentration) of a constituent substance or constituent substances (only stated substances present above 0.10 % shall be assessed) that each demonstrate either theremoval of at least 70 % of dissolved organic carbon, production of a
42、t least 67 % of the theoretical carbon dioxide, or consumption of at least 60 % of the theoretical oxygendemand within 28 days. For lubricant formulations, the 10 % (w/w) of the formulation that need not meet the above biodegradability requirements, up to 5 % (w/w) maybe nonbiodegradable (but not bi
43、oaccumulative) while the remainder must be inherently (20 % to 800 g/mol; (b) has a molecular diameter 1.5 nm (15 ); or (c) isa polymer and its molecular weight fraction below 1000 g/mol is less than 1 %.E OPPTS 850.1075 or equivalent OECD Test No. 203.F OPPTS 850.1010 or equivalent OECD Test No. 20
44、2.G OPPTS 850.5400 or equivalent OECD Test No. 201.D8029 183TABLE 2 Physical Property and Performance RequirementsProperties Test MethodASTM (Other)Parameters LimitsISOviscosity grade D2422 15 22 32 46 68 100Viscosity of fresh oil D445A kinematic viscosity at 40 C, mm2/s 13.516.5 19.824.2 28.835.2 4
45、1.450.6 61.274.8 90.0110Viscosity 750 mm2/s D2983 temperature, C, max. 23 15 8 2 4 10Viscosity index D2270 report report report report report reportViscosity change after shear CEC-L-45-99A kinematic viscosity at 100 C, mm2/safter shearing for 20 hmax. 10% max. 10% max. 10% max. 10% max. 10% max. 10
46、%Specific gravity D1298A report report report report report reportSpecific gravity D1298B report report report report report reportAppearance Visual, 20 C clear andbrightclear andbrightclear andbrightclear andbrightclear andbrightclear andbrightFlash point D92 temperature, C, min 165 175 185 195 205
47、 215Pour point D97 temperature, C, max 24 21 18 15 12 12Acid number D974/D664 mg KOH/g report report report report report reportRust prevention D665A visual evaluation after 24 h, pass or fail pass pass pass pass pass passD665B visual evaluation after 24 h, pass or fail report report report report r
48、eport reportCorrosion D130 copper corrosion, 3 h at 100 C, visual, max 2 2 2 2 2 2Water separabilityB D1401 time (mins) to 3 mL emulsion max at 54 C 30 30 30 30 30 .Water separabilityC D1401 time (mins) to 3 mL emulsion max at 54 C 30 30 30 30 30 .time (mins) to 3 mL emulsion max at 82 C . . . . . 6
49、0Elastomer compatibilityC ISO 6072 SRE-NBR1 1000 h 60 C 60 C 80 C 80 C 80 C 80 CElastomer compatibilityD ISO 6072 SRE-NBR1 1000 h 60 C 60 C 80 C 80 C 80 C 80 CSRE-HNBR 1000 h 60 C 60 C 80 C 80 C 80 C 80 CSRE-FKM2 1000 h 60 C 60 C 80 C 80 C 80 C 80 Crelative volume change, %, max 3 to +20 3 to +15 3 to +10 3 to +10 3 to +10 3 to +10change in Shore A hardness, ratings, max 10 10 10 10 10 10change in elongation, max 30 30 30 30 30 30Foam D892 Sequence I tendency/stabil
