1、Designation: D8011 17D8011 18Standard Specification forNatural Gasoline as a Blendstock in Ethanol Fuel Blends oras a Denaturant for Fuel Ethanol1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D8011; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in
2、the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope*1.1 This specification covers natural gasoline to be used as a hydrocarbon blendstock i
3、n ethanol fuel blends for flexible-fuelautomotive spark-ignition engines (Specification D5798). In the United States, these blends are referred to commercially asEthanol Flex Fuel.1.2 This specification also covers natural gasoline to be used as a denaturant in denatured fuel ethanol for blending wi
4、thgasolines for use as automotive spark-ignition engine fuel (Specification D4806).1.3 Specific regulatory requirements for the intended uses from various jurisdictions are given in appendixes for information.1.4 This specification is not intended to provide a market specification nor a regulatory r
5、eference for natural gasoline for anyuse other than as a hydrocarbon blendstock in ethanol fuel blends or as a denaturant in denatured fuel ethanol.1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard.1.5.1 ExceptionValues given in parentheses are provided for information only.1.6 This i
6、nternational standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardizationestablished in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issuedby the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT)
7、Committee.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D86 Test Method for Distillation of Petroleum Products and Liquid Fuels at Atmospheric PressureD287 Test Method for API Gravity of Crude Petroleum and Petroleum Products (Hydrometer Method)D381 Test Method for Gum Content in Fuels by Jet Evaporati
8、onD1266 Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum Products (Lamp Method)D2622 Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum Products by Wavelength Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence SpectrometryD3120 Test Method for Trace Quantities of Sulfur in Light Liquid Petroleum Hydrocarbons by Oxidative MicrocoulometryD4052 Test
9、Method for Density, Relative Density, and API Gravity of Liquids by Digital Density MeterD4057 Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum and Petroleum ProductsD4175 Terminology Relating to Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and LubricantsD4176 Test Method for Free Water and Particulate Contamination
10、in Distillate Fuels (Visual Inspection Procedures)D4177 Practice for Automatic Sampling of Petroleum and Petroleum ProductsD4306 Practice for Aviation Fuel Sample Containers for Tests Affected by Trace ContaminationD4806 Specification for Denatured Fuel Ethanol for Blending with Gasolines for Use as
11、Automotive Spark-Ignition Engine FuelD4814 Specification for Automotive Spark-Ignition Engine FuelD4953 Test Method for Vapor Pressure of Gasoline and Gasoline-Oxygenate Blends (Dry Method)D5191 Test Method for Vapor Pressure of Petroleum Products (Mini Method)D5453 Test Method for Determination of
12、Total Sulfur in Light Hydrocarbons, Spark Ignition Engine Fuel, Diesel Engine Fuel,and Engine Oil by Ultraviolet Fluorescence1 This specification is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D02 on Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeD02.A0
13、on Gasoline and Oxygenated Fuels.Current edition approved Jan. 1, 2017Oct. 1, 2018. Published February 2017October 2018. Originally approved in 2016. Last previous edition approved in 20162017 asD8011 16.D8011 17. DOI: 10.1520/D8011-17.10.1520/D8011-18.2 For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM w
14、ebsite, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standardsvolume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page on the ASTM website.This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indica
15、tion of what changes have been made to the previous version. Becauseit may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current versionof the standard as published by ASTM is to be con
16、sidered the official document.*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standardCopyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States1D5482 Test Method for Vapor Pressure of Petroleum Products (Mini MethodAtmospheric)D5580 Te
17、st Method for Determination of Benzene, Toluene, Ethylbenzene, p/m-Xylene, o-Xylene, C9 and Heavier Aromatics,and Total Aromatics in Finished Gasoline by Gas ChromatographyD5798 Specification for Ethanol Fuel Blends for Flexible-Fuel Automotive Spark-Ignition EnginesD5842 Practice for Sampling and H
18、andling of Fuels for Volatility MeasurementD5854 Practice for Mixing and Handling of Liquid Samples of Petroleum and Petroleum ProductsD6378 Test Method for Determination of Vapor Pressure (VPX) of Petroleum Products, Hydrocarbons, and Hydrocarbon-Oxygenate Mixtures (Triple Expansion Method)D6469 Gu
19、ide for Microbial Contamination in Fuels and Fuel SystemsD6550 Test Method for Determination of Olefin Content of Gasolines by Supercritical-Fluid ChromatographyD6730 Test Method for Determination of Individual Components in Spark Ignition Engine Fuels by 100Metre Capillary (withPrecolumn) High-Reso
20、lution Gas ChromatographyD6920 Test Method for Total Sulfur in Naphthas, Distillates, Reformulated Gasolines, Diesels, Biodiesels, and Motor Fuels byOxidative Combustion and Electrochemical Detection (Withdrawn 2018)3D7039 Test Method for Sulfur in Gasoline, Diesel Fuel, Jet Fuel, Kerosine, Biodiese
21、l, Biodiesel Blends, and Gasoline-EthanolBlends by Monochromatic Wavelength Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence SpectrometryD7096 Test Method for Determination of the Boiling Range Distribution of Gasoline by Wide-Bore Capillary GasChromatographyD7220 Test Method for Sulfur inAutomotive, Heating, and Jet
22、Fuels by Monochromatic Energy Dispersive X-ray FluorescenceSpectrometryD7347 Test Method for Determination of Olefin Content in Denatured Ethanol by Supercritical Fluid ChromatographyD7576 Test Method for Determination of Benzene and Total Aromatics in Denatured Fuel Ethanol by Gas ChromatographyD76
23、67 Test Method for Determination of Corrosiveness to Silver byAutomotive Spark-Ignition Engine FuelThin Silver StripMethodD7671 Test Method for Corrosiveness to Silver by Automotive SparkIgnition Engine FuelSilver Strip MethodD7757 Test Method for Silicon in Gasoline and Related Products by Monochro
24、matic Wavelength Dispersive X-ray FluorescenceSpectrometry2.2 Canadian National Standards:4CAN/CGSB-3.512 Automotive Ethanol Fuel (E50-E85)CAN/CGSB 3.516 Denatured Fuel Ethanol for Use in Automotive Spark Ignition FuelsCAN/CGSB 3.0 No. 60.32 Standard Test Method for the Determination of Corrosivenes
25、s to Silver of Gasoline, Middle DistillateFuels and Oxygenated Fuels using Silver Wool: Rapid Ultrasonic Method2.3 Government Regulations:CFR Title 40, Part 79 Registration of Fuels and Fuel Additives5CFR Title 40, Part 80 Regulation of Fuels and Fuel Additives5CFR Title 27, Part 19 Distilled Spirit
26、s Plants5CFR Title 27, Part 20 Distribution and Use of Denatured Alcohol and Rum5CFR Title 27, Part 21 Formulas for Denatured Alcohol and Rum5CCR Title 13 2260-2298, California Code of Regulations63. Terminology3.1 For general terminology, refer to Terminology D4175.NOTE 1The user is advised that th
27、e definitions used by various industries, marketers, and regulatory bodies can differ from those specific to thisspecification. It is the responsibility of the user to ensure that the terms used in a particular context are clearly understood. Appendix X7 containsadditional information for a number o
28、f these terms.3.2 Definitions:3.2.1 dry vapor pressure equivalent (DVPE), nvalue calculated by a defined correlation equation that is expected to becomparable to the vapor pressure value obtained by Test Method D4953, Procedure A. D49533.2.2 natural gasoline, na hydrocarbon blend composed predominat
29、ely of molecules with 5 to 8 carbon atoms and typicallyseparated from the production flows from natural gas wells or crude oil wells.3 The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on www.astm.org.4 Canadian fuel standards are available from Canadian General Standards Board: CG
30、SB Sales Centre Gatineau, Canada K1A 1G6; web site: http:/ A printed copy of the Code of Federal Regulations may be purchased from the U.S. Government Printing Office Superintendent of Documents, 732 N. Capitol St., NW,Mail Stop: SDE, Washington, DC 20401 or the online store at http:/bookstore.gpo.g
31、ov/. The Code of Federal Regulations may be browsed online at http:/www.gpoaccess.gov/cfr/index.html.6 California regulations are available online at http:/.D8011 1823.2.2.1 DiscussionThese hydrocarbon blends may be processed to further remove lighter or heaver hydrocarbons or reduce sulfur content.
32、 Othernames for this blend include naphtha and field naphtha.3.2.2.2 DiscussionDifferent government regulations may define “natural gasoline” in different ways. Refer to specific regulations.3.3 Abbreviations:3.3.1 CARBCalifornia Air Resources Board3.3.2 CFRU.S. Code of Federal Regulations3.3.3 CGSB
33、Canadian General Standards Board3.3.4 DVPEDry Vapor Pressure Equivalent3.3.5 EFBEthanol Fuel Blend3.3.6 EPAThe U.S. Environmental Protection Agency3.3.7 TTBAlcohol and Tobacco Tax and Trade Bureau of the U.S. Department of Treasury3.3.8 U.S.United States of America4. Performance Requirements4.1 See
34、Table 1.5. Regulatory Requirements5.1 Natural gasoline shall meet the performance requirements in Table 1. It will also need to meet additional limits related tothe regulatory requirements of the authority having jurisdiction for regulating denaturants and hydrocarbon blendstocks. Thehydrocarbons us
35、ed as denaturants to produce denatured fuel ethanol and as hydrocarbon blendstock used to produce ethanol fuelblends are covered by regulations specific to a jurisdiction or by multiple regulations due to overlapping jurisdictions.Appendixeshave been developed to provide information for several juri
36、sdictions describing the requirements for products and activities withinthe designated jurisdiction:5.1.1 Appendix X2: Regulatory Requirements for Canada.5.1.2 Appendix X3: Regulatory Requirements for the United States.TABLE 1 Performance RequirementsProperties/Use of Natural Gasoline Denaturant for
37、Denatured Fuel EthanolA,BHydrocarbon Blendstock forEthanol Fuel BlendsCTest MethodsDensity, kg/m3 at 15 C, or Report Report D4052API gravity Report Report D287Dry Vapor Pressure Equivalent,at 37.8 C (100 F), kPa (psi)Report ReportD,E D4953, D5191, D5482, D6378Distillation Temperature, End point(or F
38、inal Boiling Point), C (F), max225 (437) 225 (437) D86,FD7096Silver corrosion, max No. 1 D7667, D7671,CAN/CGSB 3.0 No. 60.32GSulfur, mg/kg Report Report D1266, D2622,D3120, D5453,D6920, D7039,or D7220Unwashed Gum, mg/100 mL Report Report D381Solvent washed gum, max, mg/100 mL Report 5 D381A Natural
39、gasoline intended for use as a denaturant in denatured fuel ethanol meeting the requirements in Specification D4806. See Section 5 for regulatory requirementsrelated to natural gasoline used to produce denatured fuel ethanol.B See U.S. EPA 40 CFR 80.47 for Performance-Based Analytical Test Method Ap
40、proach requirements for analytical reporting and validation.C Natural gasoline intended for use as a hydrocarbon blendstock in ethanol fuel blends meeting the requirements in Specification D5798. See Section 5 for regulatoryrequirements related to natural gasoline used to produce ethanol fuel blends
41、.D The vapor pressure of the natural gasoline used as the hydrocarbon blendstock to produce ethanol fuel blends shall be such that seasonal and geographical limits asoutlined in Tables 1 and 3 of Specification D5798 are met. Specification D5798 fuel blend vapor pressure ranges from 38 kPa (5.5 psi)
42、to 103 kPa (15.0 psi). The vaporpressure of the blend is a function of the vapor pressure of the hydrocarbon blendstock and the content of ethanol in the blend which can range from 51 % to 83 % byvolume.E Users of natural gasoline may have limits on dry vapor pressure equivalent related to the stora
43、ge tanks used and environmental permitting of the storage tanks.FTest Method D86 does not include natural gasoline in its scope and can provide highly variable results for low boiling point materials. Test Method D86 is consideredappropriate for determination of the final boiling point of natural ga
44、soline. Test Method D7096 will work for lower boiling point materials but an ASTM standard correlationbetween Test Method D86 and Test Method D7096 has not been developed, see 7.1.1.1.GSee 7.1.2 for equivalent limits using CAN/CGSB-3.0 No. 60.32.D8011 1835.1.3 Appendix X4: Regulatory Requirements fo
45、r California. (See Appendix X3 and Appendix X4.)5.1.4 Table X1.1 provides the limits established by relevant regulatory agencies for Canada, the United States and the State ofCalifornia at the time of publication of this standard. Table X1.2 provides limits for parameters based on the regulatoryrequ
46、irements of U.S. and California regulatory agencies and possible usage scenarios in the marketplace.5.2 Consult the appropriate regulatory agencies to confirm if hydrocarbons other than natural gasoline may be mixed with thenatural gasoline to be used as a denaturant for denatured fuel ethanol or as
47、 a hydrocarbon blendstock for blending with denaturedfuel ethanol to produce ethanol fuel blends. The use of hydrocarbons other than natural gasoline can result in parameter limits otherthan the values in these tables to maintain compliance with the jurisdictional regulations.5.3 Other agencies or j
48、urisdictions not listed may also establish additional requirements for natural gasoline used as thedenaturant in denatured fuel ethanol or as the hydrocarbon blendstock in ethanol fuel blends. The user of this standard isresponsible for consulting the jurisdiction where the denatured fuel ethanol an
49、d ethanol fuel blends will be produced and used todetermine specific regulatory compliance requirements.6. Workmanship6.1 At the point of custody transfer, natural gasoline shall be visually free of sediment, undissolved water, and suspended matter.It shall be clear and bright at the fuel temperature at the point of custody transfer or at an alternative temperature agreed upon bythe purchaser and seller. The product shall be free of any adulterant or contaminant that can render the ma
