1、Designation: D7859 131D7859 19Standard Practice forSpraying, Sampling, Packaging, and Test SpecimenPreparation of Spray Polyurethane Foam (SPF) Insulationfor Testing of Emissions Using Environmental Chambers1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D7859; the number immediately following
2、the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1 NOTEEditorial changes were made
3、in April 2013.1. Scope1.1 This practice describes standardized procedures for the preparation, spraying, packaging, and shipping of fresh spraypolyurethane foam (SPF) insulation product samples to be tested for their emissions of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) andsemi-volatile organic compounds (
4、SVOCs). These procedures are applicable to both closed-cell and open-cell SPF insulationproducts. Potential chemical emissions of interest include blowing agents, solvents, aldehydes, amine catalysts, diisocyanates, andflame retardants.1.2 Typically, SPF insulation samples are prepared at one locati
5、on, such as a chemical manufacturing facility or a field productinstallation site. The newly prepared samples are preserved in a sealed bag, placed in a secondary container, and then shipped toa laboratory for testing.1.3 The spraying of SPF insulation products is only to be performed by trained ind
6、ividuals using professional sprayingequipment under controlled conditions. The details of the spraying equipment and spraying procedures are based on industrypractice and are outside of the scope of this practice.1.4 This practice also describes procedures for the laboratory preparation of test spec
7、imens from open-cell and closed-cell SPFinsulation product samples. These specimens are prepared for testing in small-scale chambers following Guide D5116 and inmicro-scale chambers that are described in Practice Test Method D7706D8142.1.5 Procedures for VOC and SVOC emission testing, gas sample col
8、lection and chemical analysis are outside of the scope ofthis practice. Such procedures will need to address the potential for emissions of some SVOCs, for example, amine catalysts, flameretardant and isocyanates, to adhere to the chamber walls.1.6 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
9、 standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibilityof the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety safety, health, and healthenvironment
10、al practices and determine theapplicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardizationestablished in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides
11、 and Recommendations issuedby the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D1356 Terminology Relating to Sampling and Analysis of AtmospheresD4840 Guide for Sample Chain-of-Custody ProceduresD5116 Guide for Small-Scale Environmen
12、tal Chamber Determinations of Organic Emissions from Indoor Materials/ProductsD7706D8142 Practice for Rapid Screening of VOC Emissions from Products Using Micro-Scale Test Method for DeterminingChemical Emissions from Spray Polyurethane Foam (SPF) Insulation using Micro-Scale Environmental Test Cham
13、bers1 This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D22 on Air Quality and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D22.05 on Indoor Air.Current edition approved April 1, 2013Jan. 1, 2019. Published April 2013January 2019. Originally approved in 2013. Last previous edition approve
14、d in 2013 as D7859 131. DOI: 10.1520/D7859-13E01.10.1520/D7859-19.2 For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standardsvolume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page on the ASTM web
15、site.This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Becauseit may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prio
16、r editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current versionof the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States13. Terminology3.1 For definitions of terms
17、commonly used for sampling and analysis of atmospheres, refer to Terminology D1356. Fordefinitions of terms commonly used when testing products and materials for VOC emissions, refer to Guide D5116.Definitions:3.1.1 For definitions of terms commonly used for sampling and analysis of atmospheres, ref
18、er to Terminology D1356. Fordefinitions of terms commonly used when testing products and materials for VOC emissions, refer to Guide D5116.3.2 A-Sidepolymeric methylene diphenyl diisocyanate (MDI) consisting predominantly of 4,4-MDI and higher molecularweight oligomers of MDI.D7859 1923.3 B-sidepoly
19、ol system, or resin system, consisting mostly of polyol(s), with smaller amounts of catalyst(s), flameretardant(s), blowing agent(s), and other additives.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 A-sidepolymeric methylene diphenyl diisocyanate (MDI) consisting predominantly of 4,4-MDI
20、 and higher molecularweight oligomers of MDI.3.2.2 B-sidepolyol system, or resin system, consisting mostly of polyol(s), with smaller amounts of catalyst(s), flameretardant(s), blowing agent(s), and other additives.3.2.3 closed-cell SPFSPF that contains cells or voids that are not interconnected. Cl
21、osed-cell SPF insulation typically has adensity between 24 to 32 kilograms per cubic metre when fully cured.3.2.4 open-cell SPFSPF that contains cells or voids that are largely interconnected. Open-cell SPF insulation typically has adensity between 6.4 to 9.6 kilograms per cubic metre when fully cur
22、ed.3.4 Open-cell SPFSPF that contains cells or voids that are largely interconnected. Open-cell SPF insulation typically has adensity between 6.4 to 9.6 kilograms per cubic metre when fully cured.3.5 Closed-cell SPFSPF that contains cells or voids that are not interconnected. Closed-cell SPF insulat
23、ion typically has adensity between 24 to 32 kilograms per cubic metre when fully cured.4. Summary of Practice4.1 This practice is applicable to open-cell and closed-cell spray polyurethane foam (SPF) insulation. Procedures are describedfor the preparation, spraying, packaging, shipping, and test spe
24、cimen preparation of small, representative samples of theseproducts. The samples are then sent to a laboratory and tested for emissions of volatile and semi-volatile organic compounds inenvironmental test chambers described in Guide D5116 and Practice Test Method D7706D8142.4.2 Samples are prepared
25、by trained and competent operators using professional spraying equipment. Detailed instructions onthe selection and operation of this equipment are outside of the scope of this practice. This practice specifies the information tobe collected during the spraying operation. A test sample is sprayed to
26、 a defined thickness and size onto a defined substrate. Thesample is wrapped with aluminum foil, packaged in a layered polyethylene terephthalate (PET) bag, placed in a secondarycontainer, and sent to the laboratory on the same day it is sprayed and prepared, if possible.4.3 Testing is to begin with
27、in 48 h of the time the sample is sprayed and prepared. When testing in a small-scale environmentalchamber, the laboratory cuts the sample to create a test specimen of a defined thickness and size. The thickness varies with producttype as specified in 8.3 and 8.4. The test specimen is placed into a
28、tight-fitting stainless-steel holder with only the upper face ofthe product exposed. The specimen in its holder is transferred to the test chamber. Specialized procedures are described in 8.5 forpreparing specimens for testing in micro-scale chambers.5. Significance and Use5.1 Manufacturers of SPF i
29、nsulation may need to test their products for vapor-phase emissions of volatile and semi-volatileorganic compounds in order to comply with voluntary standards, purchase specifications, or other requirements.5.2 Since SPF insulation is formed by chemical reaction when combining a two-component mixtur
30、e during spraying,specialized equipment and procedures are needed to reproducibly create representative samples suitable for emission testing.5.3 SPF insulation product manufacturers specifications and instructions must be followed carefully and detailed informationregarding the spraying process mus
31、t be recorded (see 7.3). Other precautions regarding handling and shipping are needed to ensurethat the chemical integrity of the samples is preserved to the extent possible by practical means (see 7.5).5.4 Laboratories must prepare representative test specimens from samples of SPF insulation in a c
32、onsistent manner so thatemission tests can be reproduced and reliable comparisons can be made between test data for different samples.6. Materials6.1 Spray gun and related spraying equipment for application of the SPF insulation product shall be as specified by the SPFinsulation product manufacturer
33、. Contact the SPF equipment manufacturer for details concerning the spraying equipment.(WarningDO NOT attempt to create SPF insulation samples without the proper spraying equipment or without proper trainingin the operation of this equipment including the use of appropriate personal protective equip
34、ment.3) The main spraying equipmentcomponents typically consist of:6.1.1 Spray gun with impingement mixing technology for mixing the two part liquid product inside the gun, gun tip, and purgesystem;6.1.2 Proportioning machine with pumps, pressure controls and heating capacity; and3 SPF applicator on
35、-line health and safety training is available from the Center for the Polyurethanes Industry at www.spraypolyurethane.orghttps:/www.spraypolyurethane.org.D7859 1936.1.3 Heated hoses.6.2 Substrate MaterialClean high-density polyethylene (HDPE) sheets, cut to minimum dimensions of 30 by 30-cm, with am
36、inimum thickness of 9-mm.6.3 Knife or saw, clean and free of cutting oils and other organic contaminants.6.4 Circular foam coring tool constructed of steel to cut SPF insulation samples to fit tightly into sample holders or directly intomicro-scale chambers as described in Practice Test Method D7706
37、D8142.6.5 Layered polyethylene terephthalate (PET) bags, with a middle layer of aluminum foil and an inner layer of linear lowdensity polyethylene (LLDPE), light resistant, preferably with zipper seal (zipper seal may not be available on larger sized bags),composite layer approximately 0.127-mm thic
38、k. Bags are available commercially for food storage and should be sized to minimizeheadspace when the sample is placed in the bag.NOTE 1For open-cell SPF products, a bag size of approximately 51 by 76 cm has been found to be suitable. For closed-cell SPF products, a bag sizeof approximately 46 by 71
39、 cm has been found to be suitable.6.6 Packaging tape, clear, approximately 5-cm wide.6.7 Stainless steel sample holder with open top; dimensions are described in 8.3.3 and 8.4.3 depending on the type of materialbeing tested.6.8 Stainless steel or polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) shims for sample holde
40、r, as necessary.6.9 Aluminum foil, clean, heavy-gauge roll, approximately 0.024-mm thick.6.10 Shipping container, sturdy and insulated secondary container such as a recreational cooler or a molded insulated shippingcontainer housed in a cardboard box. The insulated container should be as air tight a
41、s possible.7. Sample Preparation7.1 Prepare and spray the SPF insulation sample either in a controlled spray booth or room at a product manufacturing locationor in the field at a building application site using the equipment and processing parameters that are specified by the SPF insulationproduct m
42、anufacturer for application of the product in buildings. The spray booth or room should be maintained at a constanttemperature of 23 6 2C and relative humidity of 80%. However, the preparer may elect to utilize different environmentalparameters in the spray booth or room to mimic a particular field
43、condition (for example, cold weather application). Environmentalconditions of the spray booth or room must be documented. For safety and to ensure that samples are prepared properly,preparation and spraying must be conducted by a trained and competent operator. Follow all applicable safety instructi
44、ons.NOTE 2Industry programs that accredit spray foam contractors and operators are available.47.2 Prior to spraying the SPF insulation sample, the operator shall ensure that the container of the B-side material of the productis adequately mixed if specified by the manufacturer. Prior to spraying, th
45、e operator flushes the spray equipment using the productformulation to be tested so that potential residuals from previously-sprayed products do not contaminate the sample. Flush theA-A-side and B-side hoses with the material to be sprayed using volume equal to at least three times the hose volume.
46、If the spraygun incorporates a self-cleaning mechanism (that is, solvent), the solvent name and its Chemical Abstract Service (CAS) registrynumber are recorded and communicated to the laboratory.7.3 At the time of spraying, record the following information:7.3.1 Spray operator name, affiliation, and
47、, if applicable, certifications/accreditations;7.3.2 SPF insulation product manufacturer name, product name, whether open-cell or closed cell formulation, and lot numbersof the A-A-side and B-side SPF materials;7.3.3 Manufacturer, model, and serial numbers for the spray gun, gun tip, proportioner, a
48、nd other related spraying equipment;7.3.4 Spray booth or room temperature, relative humidity, and barometric pressure;7.3.5 A-side and B-side preheater set-point temperatures, static (not spraying) and dynamic (spraying) pressures, and hoseheater set-point temperature;7.3.6 Date and time sample was
49、sprayed, and the number of lifts (layers or passes) used to create the sample.7.3.7 If known, whether or not the surface skin of the sample will be trimmed in the field to align the SPF surface with wallstuds or other structural elements; and7.3.8 Any other relevant information. Photographs of the key spraying operations are recommended to be included as part ofthe record.7.4 Spraying Operation:7.4.1 If spraying horizontally, elevate the HDPE substrate several centimetres above the spraying surface using small blocks ofwood, disposable cups, or other support
