1、Designation: D6684 04 (Reapproved 2010)D6684 18Standard Specification forMaterials and Manufacture of Articulating Concrete Block(ACB) Revetment Systems1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D6684; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption
2、or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope Scope*1.1 The purpose of this Standardstandard is to provide specifications for
3、articulating concrete block (ACB) revetment systemstructural components, material composition and physical properties, manufacturing methods and testing requirements.1.2 UnitsThe values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses aremathematical convers
4、ions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard. Reporting or use ofunits other than inch-pound shall not be regarded as non-conformance with this standard.1.2.1 The gravitational system of inch-pound units is used when dealing with inch-pound units. In the sy
5、stem, the pound (lbf)represents a unit of force (weight), while the units for mass is slugs. The slug unit is not given, unless dynamic (F = ma)calculations are involved.1.2.2 The SI units presented for apparatus are substitutions of the inch-pound units, other similar SI units should be acceptablep
6、roviding they meet the technical requirements established by the inch-pound apparatus.1.2.3 It is common practice in the engineering/construction profession to concurrently use pounds to represent both a unit ofmass (lbm) and of force (lbf). This practice implicitly combines two separate systems of
7、units; the absolute and the gravitationalsystems. It is scientifically undesirable to combine the use of two separate sets of inch-pound units within a single standard. Asstated, this standard includes the gravitational system of inch-pound units and does not use/present the slug unit of mass. Howev
8、er,the use of balances and scales recording pounds of mass (lbm) or recording density in lbm/ft3 shall not be regarded asnonconformance with this standard.1.2.4 The terms density and unit weight are often used interchangeably. Density is mass per unit volume, whereas unit weightis force per unit vol
9、ume. In this standard, density is given only in SI units. After the density has been determined, the unit weightis calculated in SI or inch-pound units, or both.1.2.5 Calculations are done using only one set of units; either SI or gravitational inch-pound. Other units are permissibleprovided appropr
10、iate conversion factors are used to maintain consistency of units throughout the calculations, and similarsignificant digits or resolution, or both are maintained.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibilityof the
11、 user of this standard to establish appropriate safety safety, health, and healthenvironmental practices and determine theapplicability of regulatory requirementslimitations prior to use.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standar
12、dizationestablished in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issuedby the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2C33C33/C33M Specification for Concrete AggregatesC
13、39/C39M Test Method for Compressive Strength of Cylindrical Concrete SpecimensC42/C42M Test Method for Obtaining and Testing Drilled Cores and Sawed Beams of ConcreteC67C67/C67M Test Methods for Sampling and Testing Brick and Structural Clay Tile1 This specification is under the jurisdiction ofASTM
14、Committee D18 on Soil and Rock and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D18.25 on Erosion and SedimentControl Technology.Current edition approved May 1, 2010Dec. 1, 2018. Published September 2010December 2018. Originally approved in 2001. Last previous edition approved in 20042010as D6684D66
15、8404(2010).04. DOI: 10.1520/D6684-04R10.10.1520/D6684-18.2 For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standardsvolume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page on the ASTM website.This
16、 document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Becauseit may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior edition
17、s as appropriate. In all cases only the current versionof the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standardCopyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. U
18、nited States1C140C140/C140M Test Methods for Sampling and Testing Concrete Masonry Units and Related UnitsC150C150/C150M Specification for Portland CementC207 Specification for Hydrated Lime for Masonry PurposesC331C331/C331M Specification for Lightweight Aggregates for Concrete Masonry UnitsC595C59
19、5/C595M Specification for Blended Hydraulic CementsC618 Specification for Coal Fly Ash and Raw or Calcined Natural Pozzolan for Use in ConcreteC666/C666M Test Method for Resistance of Concrete to Rapid Freezing and ThawingC1262C1262/C1262M Test Method for Evaluating the Freeze-Thaw Durability of Dry
20、-Cast Segmental RetainingWall Units andRelated Concrete UnitsD653 Terminology Relating to Soil, Rock, and Contained FluidsD4533D4533/D4533M Test Method for Trapezoid Tearing Strength of GeotextilesD4632D4632/D4632M Test Method for Grab Breaking Load and Elongation of GeotextilesD4833D4833/D4833M Tes
21、t Method for Index Puncture Resistance of Geomembranes and Related Products2.2 Other Documents:American Association of State Highway Transportation Officials (AASHTO), 1995, “Standard Specification for Geotextiles,”AASHTO Designation M 288, February.AASHTO M 288 American Association of State Highway
22、 Transportation Officials(AASHTO), 2017, “Standard Specification for Geotextiles,” , February.Koerner, R.M., 1998, “Designing With Geotextiles,” 4th Edition, Prentice-Hall Publishers, Englewood Cliffs, N.J. p. 761.3. Terminology3.1 For definitions of common technical terms in this standard, refer to
23、 Terminology D653.3.2 Definitions:Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 articulating concrete block (ACB) revetment system, na matrix of interconnected concrete block units sufficient forerosion protection. Unitsprotection, which are connected by geometric interlock and/or cables, geo
24、textiles, or geogrids, andtypically include a geotextile underlay for subsoil retention.4. Significance and Use4.1 An articulating concrete block system is comprised of a matrix of individual concrete blocks placed together to form anerosion-resistant revetmentsystem with specific hydraulic performa
25、nce characteristics. These systems in practice are commonlyreferred to as ACB revetment systems. The system includes a filter layer compatible with the subsoil which allows infiltration andexfiltration to occur while providing particle retention. The filter layer may be comprised of a geotextile, pr
26、operly graded granularmedia, or both. The blocks within the matrix shall be dense and durable, and the matrix shall be flexible and porous.4.2 Articulating concrete block systems are used to provide erosion protection to underlying soil materials from the forces offlowing water. The term “articulati
27、ng,” as used in this Standard, implies the ability of individual blocks of the system to conformto changes in subgrade while remaining interconnected by virtue of geometric interlock and/or additional system components suchas cables, ropes, geotextiles, or geogrids.4.3 The definition of articulating
28、 concrete block systems does not distinguish between interlocking and non-interlocking blockgeometries, between cable-tied and non- cable-tied systems, between vegetated and non-vegetated systems or between methods ofmanufacturing or placement. Furthermore, the definition does not restrict or limit
29、the block size, shape, strength, or longevity;however, guidelines and recommendations regarding these factors are incorporated into this Standard. Block systems are availablein either open-cell or closed-cell configurations.5. Materials and Manufacture5.1 Materials Specifications: Cementitious Mater
30、ialsMaterials shall conform to the following applicable ASTM standards:5.1.1 Materials shall conform to the following applicable ASTM standards:Portland Cements C150/C150MBlended Cements C595/C595MHydrated Lime Types C207Pozzolans C618Portland Cements C150Blended Cements C595Hydrated Lime Types C207
31、Pozzolans C6185.1.2 Aggregates shall conform to the following ASTM specifications, except that grading requirements shall not necessarilyapply:D6684 182Normal Weight C33/C33MLight Weight C331/C331M5.2 Aggregates shall conform to the following ASTM specifications, except that grading requirements sha
32、ll not necessarilyapply:Normal Weight C33Light Weight C3315.2 Physical PropertiesAt the time of delivery to the work site, the units shall conform to the physical requirements prescribedin Table 1.5.2.1 In addition to Table 1, when freeze-thaw durability testing is required, such testing shall be pe
33、rformed in accordance withTest Methods C67C67/C67M, C666/C666M, or C1262C1262/C1262M, at the direction of the Owner. The number of freeze-thawcycles and the corresponding weight loss criterion for pass-fail determination shall be specified by the Owner along with the testmethod.5.2.2 Overall dimensi
34、ons for width, height, and length shall differ by not more than 618 1/8 in. (3.2 mm) from the specifiedstandard dimensions.5.3 Geotextile FilterThe geotextile filter shall be in compliance with the project specifications, in consideration of itscompatibility with the underlying soil subgrade. Minimu
35、m strength requirements are provided in Table 2.NOTE 1Strength values appearing in Table 2 taken fromAASHTO M288 2017.These values were deemed acceptable by the D18.25.04 subcommitteeon Block Revetments for use in this standard.5.3.1 GeotextileSubsoil compatibility assessment shall include functiona
36、l requirements for permeability, particle retention,and resistance to clogging. Physical property requirements for permittivity, aperture size, percent open area, and UV stabilityshould be based on site-specific soil characteristics, site conditions, and construction techniques. Applicable reference
37、s forconducting compatibility assessments include:include Koerner3:Koerner, R.M., 1998, “Designing With Geotextiles,” 4th Edition, Prentice-Hall Publishers, Englewood Cliffs, N.J. p. 761.5.4 Revetment Cable and Fittings:5.4.1 For cabled systems, the revetment cable or rope and fittings shall be desi
38、gned to provide adequate strength and durabilitycharacteristics to facilitate lifting and placing of large mattresses.5.4.2 Fittings such as sleeves, clamps and stops shall be as required by the manufacturer. Selection of cable or rope and fittingsshall be made in a manner that insures a safe design
39、 factor for mats being lifted from one or both ends. Consideration shall be takenfor the bending of the cables or ropes around hooks or pins during lifting. Revetment cable Cable or rope, splice fittings, sleevesand stops shall be selected so that the cable or rope and all connections result in a mi
40、nimum factor-of-safety of 5.0 with respectto lifting.5.4.3 For those systems performance tested with, and that rely on cables, ropes, or other non-concrete components to maintainthe block-to-block interconnection, the cables, ropes, and/or non-concrete components shall also meet the design life of t
41、he project.5.5 Block Production:5.5.1 Articulating concrete blocks may be produced at a block plant or onsite using either wet-cast or dry-cast productiontechniques, provided that the composition and physical characteristics of the furnished units meet the requirements of 5.1 5.35.2.5.6 Matrix Assem
42、bly:5.6.1 Non-Cabled SystemNon-cabled articulating concrete block systems are typically palletized, cured, and shipped to thejob site. Non-cabled systems may also be assembled on, and/or glued to, a high-strength geotextile fabric which is used to carrythe articulated block mattress.5.6.2 Cabled Sys
43、temCabled articulating concrete block revetment systems can be assembled into mattresses, typically up to480 square feet (45 square meters). Whole mat production can occur at the block plant or at the project. The individual blocks aretypically placed in their respective matrix positions on a work s
44、urface, and the cables or ropes are inserted through the core holesin the block. Once the blocks have been assembled into a mattress, the ends of the cable or rope are secured as necessary basedon the characteristics of the system. Wetcast mattresses can be poured with the cables or ropes integral t
45、o the blocks both laterallyand longitudinally at the time of production. With this method, cable-end sleeves are not necessary.3 Koerner, R.M., 1998, “Designing With Geotextiles,” 4th Edition, Prentice-Hall Publishers, Englewood Cliffs, N.J. p. 761.TABLE 1 Physical RequirementsMinimum Compressive St
46、rength, lb/in2 Maximum Water Absorption, lb/ft3 Minimum Density Unit Weight (in air), lb/ft3Average of 3 units Individual Unit Average of 3 units Individual Unit Average of 3 units Individual Unit4,000(27.5 MPa)3,500(24.1 MPa)9.1(145 kg/m3)11.7(190 kg/m3)130(2080 kg/m3)125(2000 kg/m3)D6684 1836. Sam
47、pling and Testing6.1 Manufacturer shall provide test data showing that concrete products manufactured within the previous 24 months ofanticipated ACB placement have met the requirements of this Standard.6.2 Manufacturer shall provide access to lots ready for delivery to the purchaser or his authoriz
48、ed representative for samplingand testing in accordance with the procedures specified in this Standard prior to the commencement of ACB placement.6.3 For the compressive strength, water absorption, and unit weight (density) determinations, three samples shall be taken fromeach lot of 50,000 units (i
49、.e., (that is, individual blocks) or fraction thereof. thereof with enough material required for each set oftests. Additional samples may be taken at the discretion of the purchaser.6.4 For the compressive strength, water absorption, and unit weight (density) determinations, specimens shall be obtained fromthe samples and tested in accordance with Test Methods C39/C39M and C42/C42M for blocks produced by a wet cast method orin accordance with Test Methods C140C140/C140M for blocks produced by a dry-cast method.6.5 Samples Test specimens for compressive strength testi
