1、Designation: D6227 18 An American National StandardStandard Specification forUnleaded Aviation Gasoline Containing a Non-hydrocarbonComponent1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D6227; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the
2、case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope*1.1 This specification covers Grades UL82 and UL87 un-leaded aviation gasolines, which are
3、defined by this specifica-tion and are only for use in engines and associated aircraft thatare specifically approved by the engine and aircraftmanufacturers, and certified by the National Certifying Agen-cies to use these fuels. Components containing hetro-atoms(oxygenates) may be present within the
4、 limits specified.1.2 A fuel may be certified to meet this specification by aproducer as Grade UL82 or UL87 aviation gasoline only ifblended from component(s) approved for use in these grades ofaviation gasoline by the refiner(s) of such components, becauseonly the refiner(s) can attest to the compo
5、nent source andprocessing, absence of contamination, and the additives usedand their concentrations. Consequently, reclassifying of anyother product to Grade UL82 or Grade UL87 aviation gasolinedoes not meet this specification.1.3 Appendix X1 contains an explanation for the rationaleof the specifica
6、tion. Appendix X2 details the reasons for theindividual specification requirements.1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded asstandard. The values given in parentheses after SI units areprovided for information only and are not considered standard.1.5 This international standard was deve
7、loped in accor-dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-ization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards, Guides and Recom-mendations issued by the World Trade Organization TechnicalBarriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.2. Referenced Doc
8、uments2.1 ASTM Standards:2D86 Test Method for Distillation of Petroleum Products andLiquid Fuels at Atmospheric PressureD130 Test Method for Corrosiveness to Copper from Petro-leum Products by Copper Strip TestD357 Method of Test for Knock Characteristics of MotorFuels Below 100 Octane Number by the
9、 Motor Method;Replaced by D 2700 (Withdrawn 1969)3D381 Test Method for Gum Content in Fuels by Jet Evapo-rationD873 Test Method for Oxidation Stability of Aviation Fuels(Potential Residue Method)D909 Test Method for Supercharge Rating of Spark-IgnitionAviation GasolineD910 Specification for Leaded A
10、viation GasolinesD1266 Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum Products (LampMethod)D1298 Test Method for Density, Relative Density, or APIGravity of Crude Petroleum and Liquid Petroleum Prod-ucts by Hydrometer MethodD2386 Test Method for Freezing Point of Aviation FuelsD2392 Test Method for Color of Dy
11、ed Aviation GasolinesD2622 Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum Products byWavelength Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence SpectrometryD2699 Test Method for Research Octane Number of Spark-Ignition Engine FuelD2700 Test Method for Motor Octane Number of Spark-Ignition Engine FuelD3120 Test Method for Trace
12、Quantities of Sulfur in LightLiquid Petroleum Hydrocarbons by Oxidative Microcou-lometry1This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 onPetroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility ofSubcommittee D02.J0.02 on Spark and Compression Ignition A
13、viation EngineFuels.Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2018. Published October 2018. Originallyapproved in 1998. Last previous edition approved in 2017 as D6227 17. DOI:10.1520/D6227-18.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm
14、.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced onwww.astm.org.*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standardCopyright ASTM International
15、, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United StatesThis international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards, Guides a
16、nd Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.1D3231 Test Method for Phosphorus in GasolineD3237 Test Method for Lead in Gasoline byAtomicAbsorp-tion SpectroscopyD3338 Test Method for Estimation of Net Heat of Combus-tion of Aviation FuelsD4052
17、 Test Method for Density, Relative Density, and APIGravity of Liquids by Digital Density MeterD4057 Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum andPetroleum ProductsD4171 Specification for Fuel System Icing InhibitorsD4294 Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum and PetroleumProducts by Energy Dispersive
18、X-ray Fluorescence Spec-trometryD4529 Test Method for Estimation of Net Heat of Combus-tion of Aviation FuelsD4809 Test Method for Heat of Combustion of LiquidHydrocarbon Fuels by Bomb Calorimeter (PrecisionMethod)D4815 Test Method for Determination of MTBE, ETBE,TAME, DIPE, tertiary-Amyl Alcohol an
19、d C1to C4Alco-hols in Gasoline by Gas ChromatographyD4953 Test Method for Vapor Pressure of Gasoline andGasoline-Oxygenate Blends (Dry Method)D5059 Test Methods for Lead in Gasoline by X-Ray Spec-troscopyD5191 Test Method for Vapor Pressure of Petroleum Prod-ucts (Mini Method)D5453 Test Method for D
20、etermination of Total Sulfur inLight Hydrocarbons, Spark Ignition Engine Fuel, DieselEngine Fuel, and Engine Oil by Ultraviolet FluorescenceD5482 Test Method for Vapor Pressure of Petroleum Prod-ucts (Mini MethodAtmospheric)D5599 Test Method for Determination of Oxygenates inGasoline by Gas Chromato
21、graphy and Oxygen SelectiveFlame Ionization DetectionD5845 Test Method for Determination of MTBE, ETBE,TAME, DIPE, Methanol, Ethanol and tert-Butanol inGasoline by Infrared SpectroscopyD5983 Specification for Methyl Tertiary-Butyl Ether(MTBE) for Downstream Blending for Use inAutomotiveSpark-Ignitio
22、n Engine FuelD6469 Guide for Microbial Contamination in Fuels and FuelSystemsD7220 Test Method for Sulfur in Automotive, Heating, andJet Fuels by Monochromatic Energy Dispersive X-rayFluorescence SpectrometryE29 Practice for Using Significant Digits in Test Data toDetermine Conformance with Specific
23、ations2.2 Military Standard:4MIL-PRF-25017F Performance Specification for Inhibitor,Corrosion/Lubricity Improver, Fuel SolubleQPL-25017 Qualified Products List of Products QualifiedUnder Performance Specification MIL-PRF-25017F3. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 aviation gasoline, ngasoline possessi
24、ng specificproperties suitable for fueling aircraft powered by reciprocat-ing spark ignition engines.3.1.1.1 DiscussionThe principal properties of aviationgasoline include volatility limits, stability, detonation-freeperformance in the engine for which it is intended, andsuitability for low temperat
25、ure performance.3.1.2 non-hydrocarbon, ncompound or compounds com-posed of carbon, hydrogen and other elements such as O, N, S,and P.3.1.3 oxygenate, nan oxygen-containing ashless organiccompound, such as an alcohol or ether, which may be used asfuel or fuel supplement.4. Grades4.1 The specification
26、 covers two grades of unleaded avia-tion gasoline designated Grade UL82 and Grade UL87.5. General5.1 This specification, unless otherwise provided, prescribesthe required properties of unleaded aviation gasoline at thetime and place of delivery.6. Material6.1 Aviation gasoline, except as otherwise s
27、pecified in thisspecification, shall consist of blends of refined hydrocarbonsderived from crude petroleum, natural gasoline or blends,thereof, with specific aliphatic ethers, synthetic hydrocarbons,or aromatic hydrocarbons. When applicable, methyl tertiary-butyl ether (MTBE) shall conform to the re
28、quirements ofSpecification D5983. Types and quantities of trace alcoholsshall meet the requirements of Table 1 and 6.2.4.2.6.2 Only additives approved by this specification are per-mitted. In addition to identification dyes, corrosion inhibitors,antioxidants, and metal deactivators, fuel system icin
29、g inhibitoradditives are permitted under 6.2.4. Permitted additives may beadded to aviation gasoline in the amount and of the composi-tion specified in the following list of approved materials. Thequantities and types shall be declared by the manufacturer.Additives added after the point of manufactu
30、re shall also bedeclared.6.2.1 AntioxidantsThe following oxidation inhibitors maybe added to the gasoline separately or in combination in totalconcentration not to exceed 12 mg of inhibitor (not includingweight of solvent) per litre of fuel.6.2.1.1 2,6-ditertiary-butyl-phenol.6.2.1.2 2,6-ditertiary-
31、butyl-4-methyl-phenol.6.2.1.3 2,4-dimethyl-6-tertiary-butyl-phenol.6.2.1.4 2,6-ditertiary-butyl-phenol, 75 % minimum.Tertiary and tritertiary-butyl-phenols, 25 % maximum.6.2.1.5 2,4-dimethyl-6-tertiary-butyl-phenol, 55 % mini-mum; 4-methyl-2,6-ditertiary-butyl phenol 15 % minimum; theremainder as a
32、mixture of monomethyl and dimethyl-tertiary-butyl-phenols.6.2.1.6 2,4-dimethyl-6-tertiary-butyl-phenol, 72 % mini-mum.Mixture of tertiary-butyl-methyl-phenols and tertiary-butyl-dimethyl-phenols, 28 % maximum.4Available from Standardization Document Order Desk, 700 Robbins Ave.,Bldg. 4D, Philadelphi
33、a, PA 191115094 Attn: NPODS.D6227 1826.2.1.7 2,6-ditertiary-butyl-4-methyl-phenol, 35 % mini-mum.Mixed methyl, ethyl, and dimethyl tertiary-butyl-phenols,65 % maximum.6.2.1.8 2,4-di-tertiary butyl-phenol, 60 % minimum.Mixed tertiary-butyl-phenol, 40 % maximum.6.2.1.9 Butylated ethyl-phenols, 55 % mi
34、nimum.Butylated methyl and dimethyl-phenols, 45 % maximum.6.2.1.10 Mixture of a di- and tri-isopropyl-phenols, 75 %minimum.Mixture of di- and tri-tertiary butyl-phenols, 25 % maxi-mum.6.2.1.11 N,N di-secondary butyl-para phenylenediamine.6.2.1.12 N,N di-isopropyl-para-phenylenediamine.6.2.1.13 N-sec
35、ondary butyl, N-phenyl ortho-phenylenediamine.6.2.2 Metal DeactivatorsA metal deactivator, N,N-disalicylidene-1,2-propanediamine may be added to the gaso-line in an amount not to exceed 3.0 mg/L.6.2.3 Corrosion InhibitorsCorrosion inhibitors that con-form to MIL-PRF-25017F may be added to the gasoli
36、ne inamounts not exceeding the maximum allowable concentrationslisted in the latest revision of QPL-25017.6.2.4 Fuel System Icing Inhibitor:6.2.4.1 Diethylene glycol monomethyl ether, conforming tothe requirements of Specification D4171 (Type III), may beused in concentrations of 0.10 to 0.15 volume
37、 %.TABLE 1 Requirements for Grades UL82 and UL87 Aviation GasolineAGrade UL82 Grade UL87 ASTM Test MethodBOctane RatingsKnock value, lean mixture,Motor method octane numbermin 82.0 87.0 D2700Knock value,Research method octane numbermin . 95.0 D2699Color undyed undyed D2392Dye contentCBlue dye,Dmg/L
38、max none noneRed dye,Emg/L max none noneYellow dye,Fmg/L max none noneRequirements for All GradesDensity at 15C, kg/m3Report D1298 or D4052Distillation D86Fuel Evaporated10 volume % at C max 7050 volume % at C min 66max 12190 volume % at C max 190End point, C max 225Recovery, volume % min 95.0Residu
39、e, volume % max 2.0Loss, volume % max 3.0Vapor pressure 38C, kPa min 38 D4953, D5191, D5482max 62GFreezing point, C max 58 D2386Sulfur, mass % max 0.07 D1266, D2622, D3120, D4294, D5453,orD7220Lead content, g/L 0.013HD3237 or D5059Net heat of combustion, MJ/kg 40.8 D3338,ID4529,Ior D4809ICorrosion,
40、copper strip (3 h at 50C) max No. 1 D130Potential gum (5h aging) mg/100 mLJmax 6 D873Alcohols and ether contentK,LD4815, D5599,orD5845Total combined methanol and ethanol,mass %, max0.3Combined aliphatic ethers, methanol,and ethanol,as mass % oxygen, max2.70.3AThe requirements stated herein are subje
41、ct to rounding in accordance with Practice E29 and are not subject to correction for tolerance of the test method.BThe test methods indicated in this table are referred to in Section 10.CThe maximum dye concentrations shown do not include solvent in dyes supplied in liquid form.DEssentially 1,4-dial
42、kylamino-anthraquinone.EEssentially alkyl derivatives of azobenzene-4-azo-2-naphthol.FEssentially p-diethylaminoazobenzene or 1,3 benzenediol 2, 4bis(alkylphenyl) azo-.GFuel with a vapor pressure greater than 62 kPa (9.0 psi) but not exceeding 93 kPa (13.5 psi) is permissible, if the ambient tempera
43、ture is not more than 29C (85F)at the time and place of delivery and all federal and local regulations are met. The vapor pressure of permissible fuel exceeding 62 kPa (9.0 psi) shall be shown on allproduct transfer documents, including the delivery document to the aircraft.HSee X2.10.1 for maximum
44、limits for lead and phosphorus in unleaded gasoline.IUse either Eq 1 or Table 1 in Test Method D4529, or Eq 2 in Test Method D3338. See X2.7.2 for limitations and oxygen corrections required when Test Methods D3338and D4529 are applied to fuels blended with aliphatic ethers.JTest Method D381 existen
45、t gum test can provide a means of detecting deteriorated quality or contamination, or both, with heavier products following distribution fromrefinery to airport; refer to X2.9.1.KNo deliberate addition of alcohols is allowed except for isopropyl alcohol, which is allowed as an additive (see 6.2.4.2)
46、LFor additional information and limitations, see X2.8D6227 1836.2.4.2 Isopropyl alcohol conforming to the requirements ofSpecification D4171 (Type II) may be used in concentrationsrecommended by the aircraft manufacturers when required bythe aircraft owner operator.7. Detailed Requirements7.1 The av
47、iation gasoline shall conform to the requirementsin Table 1.8. Workmanship8.1 The finished fuel shall be visually free of water,sediment, and suspended matter.NOTE 1See Practice D4057 for appropriate sampling procedures.9. Reports9.1 The type and number of reports to ensure conformancewith the requi
48、rements of this specification shall be mutuallyagreed to by the purchaser and the supplier of the aviationgasoline.10. Test Methods10.1 The requirements enumerated in this specification shallbe determined in accordance with the following ASTM testmethods:10.1.1 Research OctaneTest Method D2699.10.1.
49、2 Motor OctaneTest Method D2700.10.1.3 ColorTest Method D2392.10.1.4 DistillationTest Method D86.10.1.5 Net Heat of CombustionTest Method D3338,D4529,orD4809.10.1.6 Freezing PointTest Method D2386.10.1.7 Vapor PressureTest Method D4953, D5191 orD5482.10.1.8 Lead ContentTest Method D3237 or D5059 (TestMethod C).10.1.9 Copper Strip CorrosionTest Method D130 (3hat50C (122F).10.1.10 SulfurTest Method D1266, D2622, D3120,D4294, D5453,orD7220.10.1.11 Potential GumTest Method D873, except thatwherever the letter X occurs (referring to oxidation t
