1、Designation: D4806 18aStandard Specification forDenatured Fuel Ethanol for Blending with Gasolines for Useas Automotive Spark-Ignition Engine Fuel1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4806; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in
2、 the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope*1.1 This specification covers nominally anhydrous dena-tured fuel ethanol intended to
3、be blended with unleaded orleaded gasolines at 1 % to 15 % by volume for use as automo-tive spark-ignition engine fuel covered by Specification D4814as well as other fuel applications or specifications involvingethanol. The significance of this specification is shown inAppendix X1.1.2 Jurisdictions
4、may vary in their regulatory requirementsfor the allowable or prohibited types of denaturants, chemicalcomposition of the denaturant or concentration of denaturantneeded to denature the ethanol. The user is advised to checkwith the national and regional regulatory agencies where theethanol is denatu
5、red and used.1.2.1 Specific regulatory requirements for denatured fuelethanol and acceptable denaturants from various jurisdictionsare given in Appendixes for information.1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded asstandard.1.3.1 ExceptionValues given in parentheses are providedfor inform
6、ation only. Non-SI units are shown in the Appendixif they are in a direct quotation from government regulations.In most cases, U.S. federal regulations specify non-SI units.1.4 The following safety hazards caveat pertains only to themethod modification in 8.7 of this specification: This standarddoes
7、 not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any,associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of thisstandard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environ-mental practices and determine the applicability of regulatorylimitations prior to use.1.5 This international
8、standard was developed in accor-dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-ization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards, Guides and Recom-mendations issued by the World Trade Organization TechnicalBarriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
9、2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D86 Test Method for Distillation of Petroleum Products andLiquid Fuels at Atmospheric PressureD381 Test Method for Gum Content in Fuels by Jet Evapo-rationD1298 Test Method for Density, Relative Density, or APIGravity of Crude Petroleum and Liquid Petroleum
10、 Prod-ucts by Hydrometer MethodD1613 Test Method for Acidity in Volatile Solvents andChemical Intermediates Used in Paint, Varnish, Lacquer,and Related ProductsD1688 Test Methods for Copper in WaterD2622 Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum Products byWavelength Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence Spectrom
11、etryD3120 Test Method for Trace Quantities of Sulfur in LightLiquid Petroleum Hydrocarbons by Oxidative Microcou-lometryD4052 Test Method for Density, Relative Density, and APIGravity of Liquids by Digital Density MeterD4057 Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum andPetroleum ProductsD4175 Termin
12、ology Relating to Petroleum Products, LiquidFuels, and LubricantsD4177 Practice for Automatic Sampling of Petroleum andPetroleum ProductsD4306 Practice for Aviation Fuel Sample Containers forTests Affected by Trace ContaminationD4814 Specification for Automotive Spark-Ignition EngineFuelD5453 Test M
13、ethod for Determination of Total Sulfur inLight Hydrocarbons, Spark Ignition Engine Fuel, DieselEngine Fuel, and Engine Oil by Ultraviolet FluorescenceD5501 Test Method for Determination of Ethanol andMethanol Content in Fuels Containing Greater than 20%1This specification is under the jurisdiction
14、of ASTM Committee D02 onPetroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility ofSubcommittee D02.A0.02 on Oxygenated Fuels and Components.Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2018. Published January 2019. Originallyapproved in 1988. Last previous edition approved in 2018 as D
15、4806 18. DOI:10.1520/D4806-18A.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.*A Summary of Changes section
16、appears at the end of this standardCopyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United StatesThis international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Pri
17、nciples for theDevelopment of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.1Ethanol by Gas ChromatographyD5580 Test Method for Determination of Benzene, Toluene,Ethylbenzene, p/m-Xylene, o-Xylene, C9and Heavier
18、Aromatics, and Total Aromatics in Finished Gasoline byGas ChromatographyD5854 Practice for Mixing and Handling of Liquid Samplesof Petroleum and Petroleum ProductsD6423 Test Method for Determination of pHe of DenaturedFuel Ethanol and Ethanol Fuel BlendsD6550 Test Method for Determination of Olefin
19、Content ofGasolines by Supercritical-Fluid ChromatographyD7039 Test Method for Sulfur in Gasoline, Diesel Fuel, JetFuel, Kerosine, Biodiesel, Biodiesel Blends, andGasoline-Ethanol Blends by Monochromatic WavelengthDispersive X-ray Fluorescence SpectrometryD7318 Test Method for Existent Inorganic Sul
20、fate in Ethanolby Potentiometric TitrationD7319 Test Method for Determination of Existent and Po-tential Sulfate and Inorganic Chloride in Fuel Ethanol andButanol by Direct Injection Suppressed Ion Chromatog-raphyD7328 Test Method for Determination of Existent and Po-tential Inorganic Sulfate and To
21、tal Inorganic Chloride inFuel Ethanol by Ion Chromatography Using AqueousSample InjectionD7347 Test Method for Determination of Olefin Content inDenatured Ethanol by Supercritical Fluid Chromatogra-phyD7576 Test Method for Determination of Benzene and TotalAromatics in Denatured Fuel Ethanol by Gas
22、Chromatog-raphyD7757 Test Method for Silicon in Gasoline and RelatedProducts by Monochromatic Wavelength DispersiveX-ray Fluorescence SpectrometryD7795 Test Method for Acidity in Ethanol and EthanolBlends by TitrationD7923 Test Method for Water in Ethanol and HydrocarbonBlends by Karl Fischer Titrat
23、ionE29 Practice for Using Significant Digits in Test Data toDetermine Conformance with SpecificationsE203 Test Method for Water Using Volumetric Karl FischerTitrationE300 Practice for Sampling Industrial ChemicalsE1064 Test Method for Water in Organic Liquids by Coulo-metric Karl Fischer Titration2.
24、2 Government Regulations:United States Code of Federal Regulations, Title 27, Parts19, 20, and 213United States Code of Federal Regulations, Title 40, Part 80California Code of Regulations, CCR Title 13, 2260 229843. Terminology3.1 For general terminology, refer to Terminology D4175.NOTE 1The user i
25、s advised that the definitions used by variousindustries, marketers, and regulatory bodies can differ from those specificto this specification. It is the responsibility of the user to ensure that theterms used in a particular context are clearly understood.3.2 Definitions:3.2.1 denaturants, nmateria
26、ls added to ethanol to make itunsuitable for beverage use under a formula approved by aregulatory agency to prevent the imposition of beveragealcohol tax.3.2.1.1 DiscussionDenaturants are only those materialsadded by the denaturer to comply with the approved formula;any materials absorbed later are
27、not denaturants.3.2.2 denatured fuel ethanol, nfuel ethanol made unfit forbeverage use by the addition of denaturants under formula(s)approved by the applicable regulatory agency to prevent theimposition of beverage alcohol tax.3.2.3 ethanol, nethyl alcohol, the chemical compoundCH3CH2OH.3.2.4 fuel
28、ethanol, na grade of ethanol with other compo-nents common to its production (including water) that do notaffect the use of the product as a component for automotivespark-ignition engine fuels.3.2.4.1 DiscussionThe common components do not in-clude denaturant.3.2.5 gasoline, na volatile mixture of l
29、iquidhydrocarbons, generally containing small amounts ofadditives, suitable for use as a fuel in spark-ignition, internalcombustion engines. D48143.2.6 gasoline blendstock, na liquid hydrocarbon compo-nent suitable for use in spark-ignition engine fuels.3.2.6.1 DiscussionExamples of gasoline blendst
30、ock in-clude natural gasoline, raffinate, reformate, conventional gaso-line blendstock for oxygenate blending (CBOB), and reformu-lated gasoline blendstock for oxygenate blending (RBOB).3.2.7 gasoline-ethanol blend, na fuel consisting primarilyof gasoline along with a substantial amount (more than 0
31、.35 %by mass oxygen) of denatured fuel ethanol.3.2.8 oxygenate, nan oxygen-containing, ashless, organiccompound, such as an alcohol or ether, which may be used asa fuel or fuel supplement. D48143.3 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.3.1 pHe, na measure of the acid strength of denatured
32、fuel ethanol.3.4 Abbreviations:3.4.1 CCRCalifornia Code of Regulations3.4.2 CFRU.S. Code of Federal Regulations3.4.3 DFEDenatured Fuel Ethanol3.4.4 EPAThe U.S. Environmental Protection Agency3.4.5 IRSU.S. Internal Revenue Service3.4.6 RBOBreformulated blendstock for oxygenate blend-ing3A printed cop
33、y of the Code of Federal Regulations may be purchased from theU.S. Government Printing Office Superintendent of Documents, 732 N. Capitol St.,NW, Mail Stop: SDE, Washington, DC 20401 or the online store at http:/bookstore.gpo.gov/. The Code of Federal Regulations may be browsed online athttp:/www.gp
34、oaccess.gov/cfr/index.html.4California regulations are available online at http:/.D4806 18a23.4.7 RINRenewable Identification Number3.4.8 TTBTheAlcohol and Tobacco Tax and Trade Bureauof the U.S Department of Treasury4. Performance Requirements (Table 1)4.1 Denatured Fuel EthanolAfter fuel ethanol i
35、s dena-tured as specified in Section 5, it shall conform to the followingrequirements at the time of blending with gasoline.NOTE 2Denatured fuel ethanol may contain additives, such ascorrosion inhibitors and detergents, that can affect the titratable acidity(acidity as acetic acid) of the finished d
36、enatured fuel ethanol.Although thebase fuel ethanol may meet the acidity specification, the effect of theseadditives can produce an apparent high titratable acidity of the finishedproduct. Contact the ethanol supplier if there is a question regarding thetitratable acidity of the denatured fuel ethan
37、ol to verify that the base fuelethanol meets the acidity requirements in Table 1.4.2 Other PropertiesLimits more restrictive than thosespecified above, or the specification of additional propertiessuch as color, may be agreed upon between the supplier and thepurchaser.4.3 For purposes of determining
38、 conformance with thespecified limits in Table 1, an observed value or a calculatedvalue shall be rounded “to the nearest unit” in the last righthanddigit used in expressing the specification limit, in accordancewith the rounding method of Practice E29, unless otherwisespecified.5. Denaturant and Re
39、gulatory Information5.1 General RequirementsThis specification providesgeneral information for the denaturants to be used in denaturedfuel ethanol and the concentration of denaturant to be added.Jurisdictions may vary in their regulatory requirements for theallowable or prohibited types of denaturan
40、ts, chemical compo-sition of the denaturant or concentration of denaturant neededto denature the ethanol.5.1.1 Allowable DenaturantsThe only denaturants al-lowed for the denatured fuel ethanol defined by this specifica-tion are natural gasoline, gasoline blendstocks, or unleadedgasoline. Small amoun
41、ts of the same or similar hydrocarbonsabsorbed by the denatured fuel ethanol as it moves through thedistribution system is not denaturant. A jurisdiction can main-tain approved formulas to denature alcohol for fuel use.5.1.1.1 This specification is specific to denatured fuel etha-nol as a blendstock
42、 in spark-ignition engine fuel. Denaturantsthat could provide satisfactory performance for other usescould cause damage to spark-ignition engines. The fuel ethanolformulas approved by the alcohol regulatory agency for fueluse could include denaturing materials which are not allowedby this ASTM speci
43、fication. It is the denaturers responsibilityto consult the regulations to ensure legal denaturing of the fuelethanol and to ensure compliance with this specification withregard to allowed denaturants.5.1.2 The natural gasoline, gasoline blendstock, or unleadedgasoline used as denaturant should not
44、contain materials atconcentrations that can separate from solution at the expectedtemperatures of blending, storage, and use. If drag reducingagent (additive) (DRA) is used in the distribution system, itshould not be present in the product delivered to be used as adenaturant at a concentration or sh
45、ear condition that canseparate from the denatured fuel ethanol under those condi-tions.5.1.3 Prohibited DenaturantsThis specification prohibitsthe use of hydrocarbons with an end boiling point higher than225 C as determined by Test Method D86, although they maybe permitted by some regulations. Some
46、kerosines, forinstance, promote piston scuff in automotive engines. Specificmention must be made of some materials that have extremelyadverse effects on fuel stability, automotive engines, and fuelsystems. These materials shall not be used as denaturants forfuel ethanol under any circumstances. They
47、 are as follows:methanol, pyrroles, turpentine, ketones, and tars (high-molecular weight pyrolysis products of fossil or nonfossilvegetable matter). Ketone denaturants tend to degrade fuelstability or increase the tendency of a gasoline-ethanol blend tocorrode metals and attack elastomers. These eff
48、ects becomemore serious if the concentration of a ketone such as 4-methylpentanone (methyl isobutyl ketone) exceeds one part byvolume per 100 parts by volume of fuel ethanol. There is noinformation available on the effects of denaturants other thanthose mentioned above. Therefore, the only denaturan
49、ts thatshall be used are those listed in 5.1.1.5.1.4 Denaturant LevelA buyer may ask the denaturer todenature within a specific range (for example, 1.96 % to 2.5 %by volume). A buyer may also ask the denaturer to certify therange used for the denaturant addition. A buyer or distributormay commingle receipts certified within the same range andprovide a certification of conformance with the product fromthat commingling. The blender may use this certification ofconformance for the product to demonstrate compliance withthe denat
