1、Designation: D3213 19Standard Practices forHandling, Storing, and Preparing Soft Intact Marine Soil1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D3213; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revisio
2、n. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope*1.1 These practices cover methods for project/cruisereporting, and handling, transporting and storing soft cohesiveintact marine soil
3、. Procedures for preparing soil specimens fortriaxial strength, and consolidation testing are also presented.1.2 These practices may include the handling and transport-ing of sediment specimens contaminated with hazardous ma-terials and samples subject to quarantine regulations.1.3 The values stated
4、 in SI units are to be regarded asstandard. The values given in parentheses are provided forinformation only and are not considered standard. Reporting oftest results in units other than SI shall not be regarded asnonconformance with this standard.1.4 These practices offer a set of instructions for
5、performingone or more specific operations. This document cannot replaceeducation or experience and should be used in conjunctionwith professional judgment. Not all aspects of these practicesmay be applicable in all circumstances. This ASTM standard isnot intended to represent or replace the standard
6、 of care bywhich the adequacy of a given professional service must bejudged, nor should this document be applied without consid-eration of a projects many unique aspects. The word “Stan-dard” in the title means only that the document has beenapproved through the ASTM consensus process.1.5 This stand
7、ard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.Specific prec
8、autionary statements are given in Sections 1, 2and 7.1.6 This international standard was developed in accor-dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-ization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards, Guides and Recom-mendations issued
9、 by the World Trade Organization TechnicalBarriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D653 Terminology Relating to Soil, Rock, and ContainedFluidsD1587/D1587M Practice for Thin-Walled Tube Sampling ofFine-Grained Soils for Geotechnical PurposesD2435/D2435M Test Metho
10、ds for One-Dimensional Con-solidation Properties of Soils Using Incremental LoadingD2488 Practice for Description and Identification of Soils(Visual-Manual Procedures)D2850 Test Method for Unconsolidated-Undrained TriaxialCompression Test on Cohesive SoilsD3740 Practice for Minimum Requirements for
11、AgenciesEngaged in Testing and/or Inspection of Soil and Rock asUsed in Engineering Design and ConstructionD4186/D4186M Test Method for One-Dimensional Consoli-dation Properties of Saturated Cohesive Soils UsingControlled-Strain LoadingD4220/D4220M Practices for Preserving and TransportingSoil Sampl
12、esD4452 Practice for X-Ray Radiography of Soil SamplesD4648/D4648M Test Methods for Laboratory MiniatureVane Shear Test for SaturatedFine-Grained Clayey SoilD8121/D8121M Test Method for Approximating the ShearStrength of Cohesive Soils by the Handheld Vane ShearDevice3. Terminology3.1 DefinitionsThe
13、 definitions of terms used in thesepractices shall be in accordance with Terminology D653.4. Summary of Practice4.1 Procedures are presented for handling, transporting,storing, and preparing very soft and soft, fine-grained marinesediment specimens that minimize disturbance to the test1These practic
14、es are under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D18 on Soil andRock and are the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D18.02 on Sampling andRelated Field Testing for Soil Evaluations.Current edition approved Feb. 1, 2019. Published February 2019. Originallyapproved in 1991. Last previous edition appr
15、oved in 2013 as D3213 131. DOI:10.1520/D3213-19.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.*A Summary of
16、 Changes section appears at the end of this standardCopyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United StatesThis international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in th
17、e Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.1specimen from the time it is initially sampled at sea to the timeit is placed in a testing device in the laboratory.5
18、. Significance and Use5.1 Disturbance imparted to sediments after sampling cansignificantly affect some geotechnical properties. Careful prac-tices need to be followed to minimize soil fabric changescaused from handling, transporting, storing, and preparingsediment specimens for testing.NOTE 1The qu
19、ality of the result produced by this standard isdependent on the competence of the personnel performing it, and thesuitability of the equipment and facilities used. Agencies that meet thecriteria of Practice D3740 are generally considered capable of competentand objective testing/sampling/inspection
20、, etc. Users of this standard arecautioned that compliance with Practice D3740 does not in itself assurereliable results. Reliable results depend on may factors; Practice D3740provides a means of evaluating some of those factors.5.2 The practices presented in this document should be usedwith soil th
21、at has a very soft or soft shear strength (undrainedshear strength less than 25 kPa (3.6 psi) consistency.NOTE 2Some soils that are obtained at or just below the seafloorquickly deform under their own weight if left unsupported. This type ofbehavior presents special problems for some types of testin
22、g. Specialhandling and preparation procedures are required under those circum-stances. Tests, such as the handheld vane (D4648/D4648M) or miniaturevane (D8121/D8121M), are sometimes performed at sea to minimize theeffect of storage time and handling on soil properties. An undrained shearstrength of
23、less than 25 kPa was selected based on Terzaghi and Peck.3They defined a soft saturated clay as having an undrained shear strengthless than 25 kPa.5.3 These practices shall apply to specimens of naturallyformed marine soil (that may or may not be fragile or highlysensitive) that will be used for den
24、sity determination,consolidation, permeability testing or shear strength testingwith or without stress-strain properties and volume changemeasurements (see Note 3). In addition, dynamic and cyclictesting can also be performed on the sample.NOTE 3To help evaluate disturbance, X-Ray Radiography has pr
25、ovenhelpful, refer to Practice D4452.5.4 These practices apply to fine-grained soils that do notallow the rapid drainage of pore water. Although many of theprocedures can apply to coarser-grained soils, drainage mayoccur rapidly enough to warrant special handling proceduresnot covered in these pract
26、ices.5.5 These practices apply primarily to soil specimens thatare obtained in thin-walled or similar coring devices thatproduce high-quality cores or that are obtained by pushing athin-walled tube into cores taken with another sampling device.5.6 These practices can be used in conjunction with soil
27、scontaining gas, however, more specialized procedures andequipment that are not covered in these practices have beendeveloped for use with such materials.NOTE 4For information on handling gas charged sediments, thereader is referred to papers by Johns, et al.,4and Lee.56. Apparatus6.1 Coring Device,
28、 capable of obtaining high-quality soilspecimens, including related shipboard equipment such ascable and winch. Typical coring devices used in industry arethe wireline push or piston samplers.6NOTE 5Some sampling devices, for example, box corers, obtainsamples of a size or shape that are difficult t
29、o preserve. Such cores can besubsampled aboard ship by pushing a thin-walled sampler into the largersize core. This method can produce samples from soils obtained near theseafloor. The subsamples can then be handled and stored according tothese practices.6.1.1 Metal or Plastic Liners or Barrels (Pip
30、e or Thin-Walled Tubes), the soil will be obtained or stored within, orboth. Short sections of the liner, sharpened on one end, mayalso be used to subsample larger sized cores (see Note 5). It isimportant to note that liners constructed of cellulose acetatebutyrate (CAB) plastic are pervious to wate
31、r. Polycarbonate isnearly impervious and polyvinyl chloride (PVC) is imperviousto water migration.6.2 Equipment Required on Board Ship to Seal and StoreSoil Samples:6.2.1 Identification MaterialThis includes the necessarywriting pens, tags, and labels to properly identify thesample(s).6.2.2 Caps, ei
32、ther plastic, rubber, or metal, to be placed overthe end of thin-walled tubes, liners and rings, and sealed withtape or wax, or both.6.2.3 Packers, or add wax to top and bottom of core to sealthe ends of samples within thin-walled tubes.NOTE 6Plastic expandable packers are preferred. Metal expandabl
33、epackers seal equally well; however, long-term storage using metalexpandable packers may cause corrosion problems.6.2.4 Filler Material, used to occupy the voids at the topand bottom of the sediment container. The material must beslightly smaller than the inside dimensions of the container andmust b
34、e a light-weight, non-absorbing, nearly incompressiblesubstance. For example, wooden disks of various thicknessesthat have been coated with a waterproofing material can beused.6.2.5 Tape, either waterproof electrical or duct tape.6.2.6 Cheesecloth or Aluminum Foil, to be used in conjunc-tion with wa
35、x for block sample.6.2.7 Sealing Wax, non-shrinking, non-cracking wax, in-cludes microcrystalline wax, beeswax, ceresine, carnauba wax,or combination thereof.NOTE 7The wax must be able to adhere to the container and be ductileenough not to chip or flake off during handling at cold temperatures.3Terz
36、aghi, K. and Peck, R. B., Soil Mechanics in Engineering Practice, 2nd ed.,Wiley, 1967, p. 729.4Johns, M. W., Taylor, E., and Bryant, W. R., “Geotechnical Sampling andTesting of Gas-Charged Marine Sediments at In Situ Pressures,” Geo-MarineLetters, Vol 2, 1982, pp. 231236.5Lee, H. J., “State of the A
37、rt: Laboratory Determination of the Strength ofMarine Soils,” Strength Testing of Marine Sediments, ASTM STP 883, ASTM,1985, pp. 181250.6Noorany, I., “Underwater Soil Sampling and Testing: A State of the ArtReview”, Underwater Soil Sampling, Testing, and Construction Control, ASTMSTP 501, ASTM, 1972
38、, pp. 341.D3213 192Microcrystalline wax alone or in combination with other waxes has beenshown to be satisfactory in sealing the ends of cores stored at lowtemperatures.6.2.8 Plastic Wrap, used to prevent the wax from adheringto other objects and providing additional protection against soilmoisture
39、loss.6.2.9 Core Storage Boxes.6.2.10 Rope, Cord, or Chains, used to immobilizecontainers, boxes, or other core storage fixtures aboard ship.6.2.11 Shipboard Refrigeration Equipment, whengeochemical, or gas-charged sediments are present or otherspecial use. Refrigeration may not be needed under somec
40、ircumstances, such as coring in shallow water in the tropics.6.3 Equipment for Transporting Cores, used from the shipto a shore-based laboratory facility.6.3.1 PackingMaterial to protect against vibration andshock, includes foam rubber.6.3.2 Insulation, if refrigeration is not used, either granule(b
41、ead) sheet, or foam type, to resist temperature change of soilor to prevent freezing.6.3.3 Shipping Containers, either box or cylindrical typeand of proper construction to protect against vibration, shock,and other adverse conditions. Refer to Practices D4220/D4220M.NOTE 8The length, girth, and weig
42、ht restrictions for commercialtransportation must be considered.6.4 Equipment for Storing Cores, used at the shore-basedlaboratory facility.6.4.1 Refrigeration Unit, capable of maintaining a tempera-ture close to the in situ condition, see 6.2.11.6.4.2 Core Storage Boxes or Racks, capable of support
43、ingall cores in the same, typically near-vertical, orientation inwhich they were obtained.NOTE 9An environment that is close to 100 % relative humidity maybe required to minimize sediment water loss during storage of samplesobtained within cellulose acetate butyrate (CAB) liners unless they aretotal
44、ly coated with impervious wax and plastic wrap. Other liner materials,such as polycarbonate or polyvinyl chloride (PVC) may be more suitablefor sample storage because of their low water transmissibility.6.5 Equipment for Preparing Specimens, used for laboratorytesting.6.5.1 Thin-Walled Rings, made o
45、f stainless steel or othernoncorrosive metal or material, used to obtain samples forconsolidation or permeability testing.NOTE 10The sampling ring may also be used as the test confiningring. For size and deformation requirements of consolidation test ringsrefer to Test Methods D2435/D2435M and D4186
46、/D4186M. Because ofthe small height to diameter ratio of consolidation samples and due to thenature of consolidation testing, the inside clearance ratio as specified byPractice D1587/D1587M can be reduced from 1 % to zero. The ring arearatio, Ar, equal to (Do2Di2)/Di2 100 (terms are defined in Pract
47、iceD1587/D1587M) should be less than 13 % to minimize subsamplingdisturbance.76.5.2 Thin-Walled Piston Subsampler, used to obtain triaxialtest specimens from soil that quickly deforms under its ownweight if left unsupported (see Fig. 1).NOTE 11To minimize soil disturbance, the sampler wall thickness
48、should be the thinnest possible that will adequately obtain a test specimen.The area ratio (see Note 10) should be less than 10 % and the insideclearance ratio (refer to Practice D1587/D1587M) should be zero.7. Hazards7.1 Preserving and transporting soil samples may involvepersonnel contact with haz
49、ardous materials, operations, andequipment. It is the responsibility of whoever uses thesepractices to consult and establish appropriate safety and healthpractices and to determine the applicability of regulatorylimitations and requirements prior to use.7.2 Special instructions, descriptions, and marking of con-tainers must accompany and be affixed to any sample containerthat may include radioactive material, toxic chemicals, or otherhazardous materials.7.3 International or interstate transportation, containment,storage, and disposal of soil samples obtained
