1、Designation: D2880 18D2880 18aStandard Specification forGas Turbine Fuel Oils1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D2880; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parenth
2、eses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.1. Scope*1.1 This specification covers the selection of fuels for gas turbines
3、, excepting gas turbines used in aircraft, for the guidance ofinterested parties such as turbine manufacturers and the suppliers and purchasers of fuel oils. The specification sets forth theproperties of fuels at the time and place of custody transfer to the user.1.2 Three appendixes are provided fo
4、r informational purposes only and do not constitute a requirement of this specificationunless mutually agreed upon between the interested parties.1.2.1 Appendix X1 describes the five grades of gas turbine fuels covered by this specification. Further, it states the significanceof various test methods
5、 used in inspecting the fuels.1.2.2 Appendix X2 discusses the sources of fuel contaminants and notes the significance of such contaminants in the operationof gas turbines and gas turbine fuel systems. The particular significance of trace metals in gas turbine fuels is noted. Upper limitsof trace met
6、als are recommended for the various grades of gas turbine fuels, but these recommended limits do not constitute arequirement of the specification unless mutually agreed upon by the interested parties. Limitations due to the use of used orrecycled oil are also noted.NOTE 1The gas turbine operator sho
7、uld consult Practice D4418 for methods of ensuring fuels of adequate cleanliness and for guidance on long-termstorage of distillate fuels and on liquids from non-petroleum sources as gas turbine.NOTE 2Nothing in this specification shall preclude observance of federal, state, or local regulations whi
8、ch may be more restrictive.NOTE 3The generation and dissipation of static electricity can create problems in the handling of distillate gas turbine fuel oils. For more informationon the subject, see Guide D4865.1.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recogniz
9、ed principles on standardizationestablished in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issuedby the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D56 Test Method for Flash
10、Point by Tag Closed Cup TesterD86 Test Method for Distillation of Petroleum Products and Liquid Fuels at Atmospheric PressureD93 Test Methods for Flash Point by Pensky-Martens Closed Cup TesterD97 Test Method for Pour Point of Petroleum ProductsD129 Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum Products (Gene
11、ral High Pressure Decomposition Device Method)D396 Specification for Fuel OilsD445 Test Method for Kinematic Viscosity of Transparent and Opaque Liquids (and Calculation of Dynamic Viscosity)D482 Test Method for Ash from Petroleum ProductsD524 Test Method for Ramsbottom Carbon Residue of Petroleum P
12、roductsD975 Specification for Diesel Fuel OilsD1266 Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum Products (Lamp Method)D1298 Test Method for Density, Relative Density, or API Gravity of Crude Petroleum and Liquid Petroleum Products byHydrometer Method1 This specification is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Comm
13、ittee D02 on Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeD02.E0 on Burner, Diesel, Non-Aviation Gas Turbine, and Marine Fuels.Current edition approved May 1, 2018Oct. 1, 2018. Published June 2018October 2018. Originally approved in 1970. Last prev
14、ious edition approved in 20152018 asD2880 15.D2880 18. DOI: 10.1520/D2880-18.10.1520/D2880-18A.2 For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standardsvolume information, refer to the standards Document
15、 Summary page on the ASTM website.This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Becauseit may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recom
16、mends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current versionof the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standardCopyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C70
17、0, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States1D1552 Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum Products by High Temperature Combustion and Infrared (IR) Detection or ThermalConductivity Detection (TCD)D1796 Test Method for Water and Sediment in Fuel Oils by the Centrifuge Method (Laboratory Procedure)
18、D2622 Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum Products by Wavelength Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence SpectrometryD2709 Test Method for Water and Sediment in Middle Distillate Fuels by CentrifugeD3605 Test Method for Trace Metals in Gas Turbine Fuels by Atomic Absorption and Flame Emission SpectroscopyD382
19、8 Test Methods for Flash Point by Small Scale Closed Cup TesterD4052 Test Method for Density, Relative Density, and API Gravity of Liquids by Digital Density MeterD4294 Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum and Petroleum Products by Energy Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence SpectrometryD4418 Practice for R
20、eceipt, Storage, and Handling of Fuels for Gas TurbinesD4865 Guide for Generation and Dissipation of Static Electricity in Petroleum Fuel SystemsD5453 Test Method for Determination of Total Sulfur in Light Hydrocarbons, Spark Ignition Engine Fuel, Diesel Engine Fuel,and Engine Oil by Ultraviolet Flu
21、orescenceD5949 Test Method for Pour Point of Petroleum Products (Automatic Pressure Pulsing Method)D5950 Test Method for Pour Point of Petroleum Products (Automatic Tilt Method)D5985 Test Method for Pour Point of Petroleum Products (Rotational Method)D6469 Guide for Microbial Contamination in Fuels
22、and Fuel SystemsD6728 Test Method for Determination of Contaminants in Gas Turbine and Diesel Engine Fuel by Rotating Disc ElectrodeAtomic Emission SpectrometryD7042 Test Method for Dynamic Viscosity and Density of Liquids by Stabinger Viscometer (and the Calculation of KinematicViscosity)D7094 Test
23、 Method for Flash Point by Modified Continuously Closed Cup (MCCCFP) TesterD7220 Test Method for Sulfur inAutomotive, Heating, and Jet Fuels by Monochromatic Energy Dispersive X-ray FluorescenceSpectrometryD7344 Test Method for Distillation of Petroleum Products and Liquid Fuels at Atmospheric Press
24、ure (Mini Method)D7345 Test Method for Distillation of Petroleum Products and Liquid Fuels at Atmospheric Pressure (Micro DistillationMethod)D7346 Test Method for No Flow Point and Pour Point of Petroleum Products and Liquid Fuels2.2 Other Documents:326 CFR Part 48 Diesel Fuel Excise Tax; Dye Color
25、and Concentration40 CFR Part 80 Regulation of Fuels and Fuel Additives3. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 contamination, nany process which introduces contaminants into the fuel.3.1.2 fuel contaminant, nmaterial not intended to be present in a fuel, whether introduced during manufacture, handling,di
26、stribution or storage, that makes the fuel less suitable for the intended use.3.1.2.1 DiscussionContaminants, which can be soluble in the fuel or insoluble (suspended liquid droplets or solid or semi-solid particles), can be theresult of improper processing or contamination by a wide range of materi
27、als including water, rust, airblown dust, deterioration ofinternal protective coatings on pipes or vessels and products of fuel degradation and microbial growth.3.1.2.2 DiscussionSolid or semisolid contaminants can be referred to as silt or sediment.3.1.3 hydrocarbon oil, na homogeneous mixture with
28、 elemental composition primarily of carbon and hydrogen that may alsocontain sulfur, oxygen, or nitrogen from residual impurities and contaminants associated with the fuels raw materials andmanufacturing processes and excluding added oxygenated materials.3.1.3.1 DiscussionNeither macro nor micro emu
29、lsions are included in this definition since neither are homogeneous mixtures.3 Available from Superintendent of Documents, U. S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC 20402.D2880 18a23.1.3.2 DiscussionExamples of excluded oxygenated materials are alcohols, esters, ethers, and triglycerides.3.1
30、.3.3 DiscussionThe hydrocarbon oil may be manufactured from a variety of raw materials, for example, petroleum (crude oil), oil sands, naturalgas, coal and biomass. Appendix X3 discusses some matters for consideration regarding the use of fuel oils from feedstocks otherthan petroleum.3.2 Definitions
31、 of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 fuel entering the combustor(s)the fuel that is actually burned in the gas turbine. Fuel may be sampled at a point upstreamfrom the point of entry into the combustor(s), provided the sample is representative of the fuel actually entering the combustor(s).4. G
32、eneral Requirements4.1 The grades of gas turbine fuels herein specified shall be hydrocarbon oils with the use of additives to enhance performanceproperties, if required. The hydrocarbon oils shall be free of inorganic acid, and free of excessive amounts of solid or fibrousforeign matter likely to m
33、ake frequent cleaning of suitable strainers necessary.NOTE 4Additives are generally included in finished gas turbine fuel oil to improve performance properties (corrosion and anti-corrosion, and soforth).4.2 All grades containing residual components shall remain homogeneous in normal storage and not
34、 separated by gravity intolight and heavy oil components outside the viscosity limits for the grade.5. Detailed Requirements5.1 The various grades of gas turbine fuel oil shall conform to the limiting requirements shown in Table 1. As noted in thesupplementary footnotes to Table 1, the requirements
35、for Grade Nos. 1-GT and 2-GT conform in most respects to correspondingGrade Nos. 1 and 2 fuels in Specification D396, and to Grade Nos. 1-D and 2-D in Specification D975. The viscosity range ofGrade Nos. 3-GT and 4-GT fuel brackets the Grade Nos. 4, 5, and 6 of Specification D396 and Grade No. 4-D o
36、f SpecificationD975. It is the intent that fuels meeting Specification D396 and D975 requirements may also be supplied under these specificationsprovided they meet the requirements listed in Table 1.5.2 Modifications of limiting requirements and the inclusion of fuel additives to meet special operat
37、ing conditions may beagreed upon between the interested parties.5.3 The properties listed in this specification are those of greatest significance in obtaining acceptable performance of theturbine. However, trace metals, even in fractional parts per million, are detrimental to gas turbine service li
38、fe. Information on themaximum concentration of critical metallic elements in the fuel as it enters the turbine combustor(s) is provided in Appendix X2.Distillate fuels are usually of satisfactory purity as refined, but suppliers rarely have control over possible contamination by tracemetals in distr
39、ibution and storage. The limits in Appendix X2, although required as the fuel enters the combustor(s), do not applyto the fuel as delivered unless mutually agreed upon by the interested parties. Fuels may, therefore, require on-site clean-up, qualitycontrol procedures, special handling, or other arr
40、angements.6. Test Methods6.1 The requirements enumerated in this specification shall be determined in accordance with the following ASTM methodsexcept as noted:6.1.1 Flash PointTest Methods D93, except where other methods are prescribed by law. For all grades, Test Method D3828and D7094 may be used
41、as an alternative with the same limits. For Grades No. 1-GT and No. 2-GT, Test Method D564 may beused as an alternative with the same limits provided the flash point is below 93 C and the viscosity is below 5.5 mm2/s at 40 C.This test method will give slightly lower values. In case of dispute, Test
42、Method D93 shall be used as the referee method.6.1.2 Pour PointTest Method D97. For all grades, the automatic Test Methods D5949, D5950, D5985 or D7346 may be usedas alternates with the same limits. In case of dispute, Test Method D97 shall be used as the referee method.6.1.3 Water and SedimentTest
43、Method D2709 is used for Grades 0-GT, 1-GT, and 2-GT. Test Method D1796 is used forGrades 3-GT and 4-GT.6.1.4 Carbon ResidueTest Method D524.6.1.5 AshTest Method D482.6.1.6 DistillationDistillation of grades No. 0-GT, No. 1-GT, and No.2-GT fuels oils shall be determined in accordance withTest Method
44、s D86, D7344, or D7345. Results from Test Method D7344 shall be reported as “Predicted D86” results by applicationof the corrections described in Test Method D7344 to improve agreement with D86 values. Results from Test Method D7345 shall4 Other mutually acceptable methods may be used.D2880 18a3be r
45、eported as “Predicted D86” results by application of the corrections described in Test Method D7345 to improve agreementwith D86 values. In case of dispute, Test Method D86 shall be used as the referee test method.6.1.7 ViscosityTest Method D445. Bias-corrected values from Test Method D7042 may be u
46、sed as alternative results for TestMethod D445 on Grades No. 1-GT and No. 2-GT with the same limits. Section 15, Precision and Bias, of Test Method D7042contains bias-correction information. In case of dispute, Test Method D445 shall be used as the referee method.6.1.8 DensityTest Method D1298 or D4
47、052.6.1.9 SulfurTest Method D129, Test MethodsD1552,5 D2622, and D4294 can also be used for all grades. In addition, Test Method D1266 can be used for Grades No. 0 andNo. 1, but only with samples having sulfur contents of 0.4 mass percent and less (down to 0.01 %). Test Method D5453 can beused for G
48、rades 0, 1, and 2 GT oils, but only with samples having sulfur contents of 0.8 mass % and less (down to 0.001 %). TestMethod D7220 may be used for Grades 0, 1, and 2 GT oils, but only with samples having sulfur contents of 0.942 mass % andless (down to 0.0003 %). Test Method D129 is the referee sulf
49、ur test method for Specification D2880.7. Keywords7.1 fuel oils; gas turbine; petroleum and petroleum products5 For information on the precision of the ASTM methods of test for fuel oils refer to “An Evaluation of Methods for Determination of Sulfur in Fuel Oils” by A. R.Crawford and G. V. Dyroff (1969). This document is available from the Publications Section, American Petroleum Institute, 1220 L St., N.W., Washington, DC 20005.TABLE 1 Detailed Requirements for Gas Turbine Fuel Oils at Time and Place of Custody Transfer to UserA,B,CPropertyASTMTestMet
