1、Designation: D2829/D2829M 07 (Reapproved 2019)1Standard Practice forSampling and Analysis of Existing Built-Up Roof Systems1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D2829/D2829M; the number immediately following the designation indicates theyear of original adoption or, in the case of rev
2、ision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of lastreapproval. A superscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1NOTEUnits information was editorially revised in January 2019.1. Scope1.1 This practice is a guide for removin
3、g test specimensfrom existing built-up roofing systems in the field and fordetermining the approximate quantities of the components ofthat specimen (Note 1). Components determined may be:1.1.1 Insulation components when they are part of the roofmembrane system,1.1.2 Plies of roofing felt,1.1.3 Inter
4、ply layers of bituminous material,1.1.4 Top coating, and1.1.5 Surfacing.NOTE 1This procedure is for the investigation of existing roofs and isnot intended for new construction inspection.1.2 This practice is applicable to both 914-mm 36-in. and1000-mm 3938-in. wide felt rolls.1.3 The values stated i
5、n either SI units or inch-pound unitsare to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated ineach system are not necessarily exact equivalents; therefore, toensure conformance with the standard, each system shall beused independently of the other, and values from the twosystems shall not be c
6、ombined.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user this standard to establish appropriatesafety, health, and environmental practices and determine theapplicability of regulatory limitations prior to us
7、e. For specificprecautionary information, see 6.3.2.1.1.5 This international standard was developed in accor-dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-ization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards, Guides and Recom-mendations issue
8、d by the World Trade Organization TechnicalBarriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D226/D226M Specification for Asphalt-Saturated OrganicFelt Used in Roofing and WaterproofingD227/D227M Specification for Coal-Tar-Saturated OrganicFelt Used in Roofing and Waterpro
9、ofingD249 Specification for Asphalt Roll Roofing (Organic Felt)Surfaced with Mineral Granules (Withdrawn 2002)3D250 Standard Specification for Asphalt-Saturated AsbestosFelt Used in Roofing and Waterproofing (Withdrawn1991)3D371 Specification for Asphalt Roll Roofing (Organic Felt)Surfaced with Mine
10、ral Granules; Wide Selvage (With-drawn 2002)3D1079 Terminology Relating to Roofing and WaterproofingD2178/D2178M Specification forAsphalt Glass Felt Used inRoofing and WaterproofingD2626/D2626M Specification for Asphalt-Saturated andCoated Organic Felt Base Sheet Used in RoofingD3158 Specification f
11、or Asphalt Saturated and Coated Or-ganic Felt Used in Roofing (Withdrawn 1983)3D3617/D3617M Practice for Sampling and Analysis ofBuilt-Up Roof Systems During ApplicationD3672 Standard Specification for Venting Asphalt-Saturatedand Coated Inorganic Felt Base Sheet Used in Roofing(Withdrawn 1990)3D390
12、9/D3909M Specification for Asphalt Roll Roofing(Glass Felt) Surfaced With Mineral GranulesD4601/D4601M Specification for Asphalt-Coated Glass Fi-ber Base Sheet Used in RoofingD4897/D4897M Specification for Asphalt-Coated Glass-Fiber Venting Base Sheet Used in RoofingD4990 Specification for Coal Tar
13、Glass Felt Used in Roofingand Waterproofing1This practice is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D08 on Roofing andWaterproofing and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D08.20 on RoofingMembrane Systems.Current edition approved Jan. 1, 2019. Published January 2019. Originallyapproved in
14、 1969. Last previous edition approved in 2013 as D2829 07 (2013).DOI: 10.1520/D2829_D2829M-07R19E01.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Do
15、cument Summary page onthe ASTM website.3The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced onwww.astm.org.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United StatesThis international standard was developed in accordance with int
16、ernationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.13. Terminology3.1 DefinitionsFor definitions o
17、f terms used in thispractice, refer to Terminology D1079.4. Securing of Specimens in the Field4.1 Do not disturb any surfacing in the area from which aspecimen is to be taken. Cut each specimen at least 300 by 300mm 12 by 12 in. and use the total specimen taken in the fieldfor laboratory analysis.4.
18、2 The recommended practice is to use a cutting template(Fig. 1) consisting of a 300 by 300-mm 12 by 12-in. metalbox with an open bottom. Place the box over the roof area thatis to be removed, and while the template is held firmly inposition, remove the surfacing around the perimeter and thencut thro
19、ugh the roof membrane around the perimeter of thebox. Lift the specimen, including all associated loose materials,from the roof and place it in a plastic bag. Fully identify thespecimen. Note if the insulation is adhered to the specimen or,where insulation is not used, if bitumen is left on the deck
20、, andthe type of deck. Estimate bitumen mass per unit area left onthe deck.4.2.1 Alternate Method:4.2.1.1 Mark each sample as at least a square 356 mm 14in. on a side. Try to include a seam in each membrane sample.During cold weather, use a square 457 mm 18 in. on a side,since cold weather cutting m
21、ay inadvertently break, distort ordelaminate the sample. If the roofing membrane is mechani-cally fastened, mark rectangular 864 by 457 mm 34 by 18 in.sample, with the longer dimension perpendicular to the lengthof the ply felts. Half of these large samples can be shipped tothe laboratory for analys
22、is after the number of fasteners in thelarger area is recorded.4.2.1.2 Carefully broom off the loose aggregate, and spudoff the adhered aggregate and flood coating at the perimeter ofthe sample. (The application of dry ice at the areas to bespudded will ease the removal of the top coating during hot
23、weather. A large propane torch can also be used as an alternateto the dry ice method, to melt the top coating so that it can beeasily removed with a scraper and facilitate cutting.) Recordthe length and width of the sample. If the quantities ofunadhered surfacing or total surfacing are desired, coll
24、ect andpackage the unadhered surfacing from the sample area.4.2.1.3 Cut through the roofing membrane with a razor knifeor sharp power cutting tool, taking care not to damage the edgeof the sample. Do not pound on the sample, as this might causeinterply delamination. Carefully loosen and remove the r
25、oofingmembrane including all adhered insulation. Observe and re-cord the kind and degree of attachment between the roofingmembrane and the insulation or deck.4.2.1.4 Cut through the roof insulation with a blade longenough to penetrate all of the insulation layers. Observe andrecord the type and thic
26、kness of each insulation layer, and thepercent of the sample area adhered between the layers andbetween the insulation and the deck and vapor retarder.4.2.1.5 Cut and remove a small specimen of the vaporretarder, if it is present, to observe its attachment to the deckand to obtain a specimen for moi
27、sture content and analysis.NOTE 2This procedure will not provide as accurate a measure of totalaggregate as the procedure described in 4.2.DimensionsDimension Square (3.2) Rectangular (3.4)mm in. mm in.A 300 12 100 4B 300 12 1000 40C 150 6 150 6D 40 1.5 40 1.5E 40 1.5 40 1.5F318 318FIG. 1 Cutting Te
28、mplateD2829/D2829M 07 (2019)124.3 If bituminous material has been absorbed by the insu-lation (4.2), remove sufficient insulation to allow laboratoryanalysis of absorbed bitumen mass (weight).4.4 If felt lapping is to be determined, take a separatespecimen at least 100 mm 4 in. wide and not less tha
29、n 1.12 m44 in. long, cut at right angles to the long dimension of theroofing felts.4.5 Protect each specimen from physical damage such asbending or breakage of the felts or coating layers duringremoval and transportation. Protect from moisture, excessiveheat, and loss of material.5. Significance and
30、 Use5.1 This practice is for the sampling and analysis of existingbuilt-up roof systems. For roofs under construction, use Prac-tice D3617/D3617M.6. Procedure6.1 Preserve all identifications and log the specimens in thelaboratory. Ensure continued identity and location of thecomponents within each s
31、pecimen. Remove the insulation fully(if present), removing as little bituminous coating from theunderside of the membrane as possible.6.2 Calculate the area of the specimen from eight differentmeasurements taken in each direction. Weigh the specimen,including all associated loose materials (except i
32、nsulation),being careful to avoid loss of any component, and calculate themass per unit area. Dry the insulation removed in 4.3 toconstant mass and record.6.3 Place the specimen on aluminum foil or release paperand carefully scrape off the top surfacing (if any) and topcoating without damaging the t
33、op felt. Use heat only toproduce the lowest temperature required to remove the coating.NOTE 3This will usually leave 200 to 400 g/m24 to 8 lb/100 ft2ofbituminous material on the surface of the roofing felt.6.3.1 Collect the surfacing and top coating, including anyloose material taken with the specim
34、en, and weigh.6.3.2 Separate surfacing material from the surfacing-topcoating mixture by solvent washing on an 850-m No. 20sieve.NOTE 4The recommended solvent for coal-tar pitch is carbondisulfide (CS2). Complete extraction of coal-tar pitch is not possible.Extraction with carbon disulfide may resul
35、t in a recovery error of coal-tarpitch in the range from 17 to 38 %.6.3.2.1 WarningCarbon disulfide is toxic when takeninternally or when inhaled. Conduct the test in a hood, or otherwell-ventilated location. Avoid prolonged or repeated contactwith the skin and inhalation of vapors.6.3.3 When all tr
36、aces of bituminous materials have beenremoved, dry the surfacing retained on the sieve in an oven at100C 212F, cool, and weigh. The approximate mass perunit area of the top coating is the difference between this massand the mass obtained in 6.3.1, divided by the specimen areaobtained in 6.2.6.4 Remo
37、ve all bituminous material from the bottom of themembrane (see 6.3), then weigh the membrane. Separate theplies, using a heat lamp as needed to achieve minimumtemperature required for separation. Do not distort the felts(see 6.8 for an alternative method of separating the plies).6.4.1 Measure the in
38、dividual felts and calculate the area ofeach ply (due to lapping, not all plies will be the size of theoriginal specimen). Follow the procedure in 6.2. Record thetotal area of all felts.6.4.2 Divide the sum of all individual felt areas (6.4.1)bythe area of the original specimen (6.2) and record the
39、results as“number of plies.”6.5 Calculate the mass per unit area of the original saturatedfelts by multiplying the area of each ply determined in 6.4.1 bythe following values in g/m2lb/100 ft2 and dividing by thespecimen area determined in 6.2. Add the masses per unit areafor each felt, to find the
40、total mass per unit area of the originalsaturated felts. If all plies are the same, simply multiply theassumed felt mass per unit area by the number of plies (6.4.2).Use the manufacturers information for components not withinthe scope of the specifications in Table 1, using the factor48.825 to conve
41、rt from lb/100 ft2to g/m2, and 0.02048 toconvert from g/m2to lb/100 ft2.6.6 Calculate the total interply bituminous material per unitarea by subtracting the total mass per unit area of the original“saturated felts” determined in 6.5 from the mass per unit areadetermined by dividing the mass of felts
42、 and interply bitumenin 6.4 by the specimen size in 6.2.6.6.1 To obtain the average interply mopping, take the “totalinterply bitumen per unit area” determined in 6.6 and divide byone less than the previously determined number of plies(6.4.2).6.6.2 Remove any bitumen absorbed by the insulation (6.2)
43、by solvent extraction. Dry the residue to constant mass andcool to room temperature. Determine the absorbed bitumen perunit area by subtracting the mass of residue from the massrecorded in 6.2 and dividing the result by the specimen area(6.2).6.6.3 Determine the total applied bitumen by deducting th
44、emass per unit area of surfacing (6.3.3) and of all felt (6.5) fromthe specimen mass per unit area (6.2); add the absorbedbitumen per unit area determined in 6.6.2, or the estimatedbitumen per unit area left on the deck (4.2).6.7 For specimens from smooth surface roofs, omit 6.3.2and 6.3.3.6.8 To de
45、termine the lapping distance of felts, use thespecimen described in 4.4. Delaminate the felts and measurethe lap spacing. Report the number of plies and spacing by therepresentative spacing diagram. (Separation of the plies can beaccomplished by warming or by cooling the specimen with dryice and fra
46、cturing the interply moppings.)7. Calculation7.1 Carry out all calculations to the following significance:7.1.1 Number of Plies, in the built-up roofing to the nearesthundredth of a ply.7.1.2 Mass of Felts, interply mopping, top coating, totalapplied bituminous material, and surfacing to the nearest
47、 1 g0.002 lb.D2829/D2829M 07 (2019)137.1.3 Mass per Unit Area, to the nearest 10 g/m20.2 lb/100ft2.7.1.4 Dimension of Felts, to the nearest 1 mm 0.04 in. and0.001 m20.01 ft2.7.1.5 ResultsRound mass per unit area to the nearest 50g/m21 lb 100 ft2, and number of plies to the nearest tenth.7.2 A typica
48、l computation for a nominal 4-ply, aggregate-surfaced built-up roof mopped to insulation is given in Table 2.8. Report8.1 Describe the built-up roof, including the type and classof bituminous material, type of surfacing, type of insulation,type of roof decking, and the type and number of felts orroo
49、fing sheets.8.2 Fully identify the origin and roof location of eachspecimen.8.3 Report the mass per unit area of surfacing, averageinterply bituminous material, top coating bituminous material,total applied bituminous material, and the total specimen(minus insulation). See Table 3 for summary of results andconversion to conventional units of measurement.8.4 Diagram the felt lapping to show the number of pliesand the lap relationship, if determined (6.8).9. Precision and Bias9.1 PrecisionMost of the variance shown between lab
