1、Designation: D2724 19Standard Test Method forBond Strength of Bonded, Fused, and Laminated ApparelFabrics1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D2724; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last r
2、evision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.1. Scope1.1 This test method covers procedures for
3、 characterizingthe bond strength of bonded, fused, and laminated apparelfabrics before or after drycleaning and laundering.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded asstandard; the values in parentheses are provided as informationonly.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of t
4、hesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.See 6.1.1 for a specific warning.1.4 This internation
5、al standard was developed in accor-dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-ization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards, Guides and Recom-mendations issued by the World Trade Organization TechnicalBarriers to Trade (TBT) Committ
6、ee.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D76 Specification for Tensile Testing Machines for TextilesD123 Terminology Relating to TextilesD1776 Practice for Conditioning and Testing TextilesD3135 Specification for Performance of Bonded, Fused, andLaminated Apparel FabricsD4850 Terminology Relati
7、ng to Fabrics and Fabric TestMethodsE337 Test Method for Measuring Humidity with a Psy-chrometer (the Measurement of Wet- and Dry-Bulb Tem-peratures)2.2 AATCC Standards:3LP1 Home Laundering: Machine WashingLP2 Home Laundering: Hand WashingTM135 Dimensional Changes of Fabrics after Home Laun-deringTM
8、158 Dimensional Changes on Drycleaning in Perchloro-ethylene: Machine Method3. Terminology3.1 For all terminology relating to D13.59, Fabric TestMethods, General, refer to Terminology D4850.3.1.1 The following terms are relevant to this standard:bonded fabric, bond strength, fused fabric, fusible fa
9、bric,interlining, laminated fabric, lot, relative humidity.3.2 For definitions of other textile terms used in this testmethod, refer to Terminology D123.4. Summary of Test Methods4.1 Specimens are tested to determine the strength of thebond as received, after drycleaning, or after laundering.5. Sign
10、ificance and Use5.1 This test method for the determination of bond strengthof bonded, fused, or laminated apparel fabrics, is consideredsatisfactory for acceptance testing of commercial shipments ofbonded and laminated apparel fabrics.5.1.1 If there are differences of practical significance be-tween
11、 reported test results for two laboratories (or more),comparative tests should be performed to determine if there isa statistical bias between them, using competent statisticalassistance. As a minimum, use the samples for such a com-parative test that are as homogeneous as possible, drawn fromthe sa
12、me lot of material as the samples that resulted in disparateresults during initial testing. Randomly assign specimens inequal numbers to each laboratory. The test results from the1This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D13 on Textilesand is the direct responsibility of Subcommit
13、tee D13.59 on Fabric Test Methods,General.Current edition approved Jan. 1, 2019. Published January 2019. Originallyapproved in 1968. Last previous edition approved in 2015 as D2724 07(2015).DOI: 10.1520/D2724-19.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Cus
14、tomer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Available from American Association of Textile Chemists and Colorists(AATCC), P.O. Box 12215, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709-2215, http:/www.aatcc
15、.org.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United StatesThis international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of
16、International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.1laboratories involved should be compared using a statisticaltest for unpaired data and a probability level chosen prior to thetesting series. If bias is found, eith
17、er its cause must be foundand corrected, or future test results for that material must beadjusted in consideration of the known bias.6. Apparatus and Materials6.1 Drycleaning Machine,4as described inAATCC TM158.6.1.1 Perchloroethylene (commercial), drycleaning grade.WarningPerchlorethylene is toxic,
18、 and the usual precautionsfor handling chlorinated solvents should be taken. It should beused only under well-ventilated conditions. The solvent isnonflammable.6.1.2 Sorbitan mono-oleate.6.1.3 Ballast fabric.6.2 Domestic Automatic Washer,4as described in AATCCLP1.6.2.1 1993 AATCC Standard Reference
19、Detergent.6.2.2 Ballast fabric.6.3 Domestic Automatic Tumble Dryer,4as described inAATCC LP1.6.4 Aspirated Psychrometer, which meets the requirementsof Test Method E337.6.5 Sewing Machine, suitable for sewing a 301 lockstitch,using a gassed and mercerized cotton sewing thread from texsize 30 to tex
20、size 60 with a stitch density of 6-8 stitches perinch (spi), 25 mm (1 in.) from the edge of the fabric specimen.6.6 Steam Iron, hand type.6.7 Steam Press,4a press, 600 by 1250 mm (24 by 50 in.),or larger, provided with 60 to 70 psig steam pressure at thepress. Any steam press large enough for pressi
21、ng a specimen380 mm (15 in.) square may be used.6.8 Tensile Testing Machine, conforming to SpecificationD76, either a constant rate of traverse type4or a constant rateof extension type, equipped with clamps having a width of 76.2mm (3.00 in.) and preferably calibrated in kilograms with arange from 0
22、 to 4.5 kg (0 to 160 oz). The constant rate ofextension type machine is preferred because of the inherentlylower machine-induced errors in this type of machine.7. Sampling7.1 Lot SampleAs a lot sample for acceptance testing, takeat random the number of rolls of fabric directed in anapplicable materi
23、al specification or other agreement betweenthe purchaser and the supplier. Consider rolls of fabric to be theprimary sampling units.NOTE 1An adequate specification or other agreement between thepurchaser and the supplier requires taking into account the variabilitybetween rolls of fabric and between
24、 specimens from a swatch from a rollof fabric so as to provide a sampling plan with a meaningful producersrisk, consumers risk, acceptable quality level, and limiting quality level.7.2 Laboratory SampleAs a laboratory sample for accep-tance testing, take a full width swatch 1 m (1 yd) long from thee
25、nd of each roll of fabric in the lot sample, after first discardinga minimum of1m(1yd)offabric from the very outside of theroll.7.3 Test SpecimensProceed as follows:7.3.1 For Bond Strength after Drycleaning or LaunderingCut three specimens from each swatch in the laboratory samplewith each specimen
26、being 380 by 380 mm (15 by 15 in.) insize, with the one side of the specimens from a single swatchparallel to the selvage. Locate each of the specimens along adiagonal line on the swatch so that they will contain differentwarp ends and filling picks. Sew a straight line of stitchingaround each speci
27、men 25 mm (1 in.) from each edge. Thesespecimens may also be used to evaluate dimensional changesas directed in AATCC TM135 or TM158, or appearance asdirected in Specification D3135.7.3.2 For Bond Strength as ReceivedPrepare three testspecimens, each measuring 76 mm (3 in.) wide, and 152 mm (6in.) l
28、ong, the length of the specimens corresponding to thelengthwise direction of the fabric. Do not take the testspecimens closer to the selvage than a distance equal to 20 %of the fabric width.NOTE 2Samples that are 51 mm (2 in.) wide may be used as theminimum width.8. Conditioning8.1 For specimens to
29、be tested as received, condition themin the standard atmosphere for testing textiles as directed inPractice D1776. Preconditioning is not necessary.8.2 For specimens to be tested after drycleaning orlaundering, condition only if the same specimens will be testedfor dimensional changes. In this case,
30、 condition in the standardatmosphere for testing textiles as directed in Practice D1776prior to marking. Refer to AATCC TM135 or TM158.9. Specimen Preparation9.1 For specimens to be tested after drycleaning, run threecomplete drycleaning cycles following the procedures de-scribed in AATCC TM158.9.2
31、For specimens to be tested after machine laundering, runfive complete cycles (washing and drying) following theprocedures described in AATCC LP1. After the fifth cycle,hand iron following the procedure described in AATCC LP1,as needed.9.3 For specimens to be tested after hand laundering, runfive com
32、plete cycles (washing and drying) following theprocedures described in AATCC LP2.9.4 Condition drycleaned or laundered specimens in thestandard atmosphere for testing textiles as directed in PracticeD1776.9.5 If specimens are to be evaluated for dimensionalchanges after drycleaning or laundering, co
33、mplete all measure-ments as described in the relevant dimensional change testmethod before cutting 76 152 mm (3 6 in.) specimens forbond strength evaluation.4Apparatus and accessories are commercially available.D2724 1929.6 If specimens are to be evaluated for appearance afterdrycleaning or launderi
34、ng, refer to Specification D3135, Sec-tion 6, Appearance and Aesthetics before cutting 76 152 mm(3 6 in.) specimens for bond strength evaluation.9.7 Cut bond strength specimens as directed in 7.3.2. Cutone bond strength specimen from each drycleaned or launderedspecimen.10. Test Conditions10.1 Bond
35、strength tests may be made on the fabric asbonded or laminated, or after the three specified drycleaningcycles or after the five specified laundering cycles. These testsalso may be made on dry specimens (conditioned in thestandard atmosphere for testing textiles), or on wet specimens(saturated with
36、perchlorethylene at room temperature follow-ing the drycleaning tests or saturated with water at roomtemperature following the laundering tests).10.2 Alternatively, following the drycleaning tests, wetstrength-of-bond tests may be made on flame-laminated fabricswith the specimens saturated in water
37、instead of perchloreth-ylene. An interlaboratory test run in 1975 showed no signifi-cant differences between perchlorethylene and water in wettests on flame-laminated fabrics. However, there were signifi-cant differences on adhesive-bonded fabrics. Therefore, wateris not a suitable substitute for pe
38、rchlorethylene in wet tests onthese fabrics.11. Procedure for Bonded and Fused Fabrics11.1 Manually separate the two layers of fabric along the76.2 mm (3 in.) width of each test specimen for a distance ofapproximately 25 mm (1 in.) in the direction of the specimenlength.11.2 Set the lower clamp at a
39、 distance of 25 mm (1 in.) fromthe upper clamp. Secure the separated face fabric of a testspecimen in the upper clamp of the tensile testing machine insuch a way that the longitudinal axis of the specimen forms aright angle with the closed clamping surface. Secure theseparated backing fabric in the
40、lower clamp of the machine insuch a way that the longitudinal axis of the specimen forms aright angle with the closed jaws of the lower clamp.11.3 If the indicating scale on the machine is provided witha pawl and ratchet mechanism, disengage the mechanism topermit readings of variable force when the
41、 machine is placed inoperation.11.4 Operate the machine at a pulling speed of 5.1 6 0.2mm/s (12 6 0.5 in./min).11.5 Estimate the bond strength to the nearest 140 mN (0.5ozf) as the average of at least the five highest and the fivelowest peak loads of resistance per inch of width, registered for100 m
42、m (4 in.) of delamination.11.6 Repeat the operations described in 11.2 11.5 for eachof the remaining two test specimens.12. Procedure for Laminated Fabrics12.1 Manually separate the face fabric from the foam alongthe 76.2-mm (3-in.) width of each test specimen for a distanceof approximately 25 mm (1
43、 in.) in the direction of the specimenlength.12.2 Set the lower clamp at a distance of 25 mm (1 in.) fromthe upper clamp. Secure the separated face fabric of a testspecimen in the upper clamp of the tensile testing machine insuch a way that the longitudinal axis of the specimen forms aright angle wi
44、th the closed clamping surface. Secure theseparated foam or foam and backing fabric in the lower clampof the machine in such a way that the longitudinal axis of thespecimen forms a right angle with the closed jaws of the lowerclamp.12.3 Proceed as instructed in 11.3 11.6.12.4 If foam is laminated to
45、 a backing fabric, retain each testspecimen from 12.3 after the bond strength has been deter-mined for face to foam. Manually separate the backing fabricfrom the foam as instructed in 12.1 except that the manualseparation should be made at the opposite end of the testspecimen separated for the face
46、fabric-to-foam test.12.5 Set the lower clamps at a distance of 25 mm (1 in.)from the upper clamp. Secure the separated foam or foam andface fabric of a test specimen in the upper clamp of the tensiletesting machine in such a way that the longitudinal axis of thespecimen forms a right angle with the
47、closed clamping surface.Secure the separated backing fabric in the lower clamp of themachine in such a way that the longitudinal axis of thespecimen forms a right angle with the closed jaws of the lowerclamp.12.6 Proceed as instructed in 11.3 11.6.12.7 Examine both sides of the foam on the test spec
48、imensafter testing for bond strength. Determine whether the foamportion ruptured during delamination allowing some foam toadhere to either fabric surface. If this has occurred, make thenotation “foam tear” for that test specimen for the side or sideswhere “foam tear” occurred. If “foam tear” occurs
49、on only oneside of one test specimen, disregard this result and report theaverage bond strength for that side of the remaining twospecimens. If “foam tear” occurs on the same side of two orthree specimens, report the bond strength for that side as “foamtear.”12.8 In the event it is impossible to separate manually thefoam from either the face or the backing fabric as instructed in12.1 and 12.4 without rupturing the foam, report the bondstrength for the side or sides where this occurs as “foam tear.”13. Report13.1 State that the tests were made as directed inA
