1、Designation: D2290 19Standard Test Method forApparent Hoop Tensile Strength of Plastic or ReinforcedPlastic Pipe1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D2290; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of
2、 last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.1. Scope*1.1 This test method covers the de
3、termination of the com-parative apparent tensile strength of most plastic productsutilizing a split disk or ring segment test fixture, when testedunder defined conditions of pretreatment, temperature,humidity, and test machine speed. This test method is appli-cable to reinforced-thermosetting resin
4、pipe regardless offabrication method. This test method also is applicable toextruded and molded thermoplastic pipe.Procedure A is used for reinforced-thermosetting resin pipe;Procedure B is used for thermoplastic pipe of any size;Procedure C is used for thermoplastic pipe with nominaldiameter of 412
5、 in. (110 mm) and greater. Procedure D is usedfor polyethylene pipe with a nominal diameter of 14 in. (350mm) and greater and preferably having wall thickness 1 in. (25mm) and greater. Procedure E is used for polyvinyl chloride(PVC) pipe with a nominal diameter of 14 in. (350 mm) andgreater and havi
6、ng wall thickness 1 in. (25 mm) and greater.1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regardedas standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematicalconversions to SI units that are provided for information onlyand are not considered standard.1.3 This standard does not purport to add
7、ress all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.4 This international standard was deve
8、loped in accor-dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-ization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards, Guides and Recom-mendations issued by the World Trade Organization TechnicalBarriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.2. Referenced Doc
9、uments2.1 ASTM Standards:2D618 Practice for Conditioning Plastics for TestingD1599 Test Method for Resistance to Short-Time HydraulicPressure of Plastic Pipe, Tubing, and FittingsE4 Practices for Force Verification of Testing Machines3. Summary of Test Method3.1 For Procedures A, B, and C, the test
10、specimen is loadedthrough the suggested self-aligning split disk test fixture (Fig.1) which applies tensile stress to the test ring. An apparenttensile strength rather than a true tensile strength is obtained inthis test because of a bending moment imposed during test atthe split between the split d
11、isk test fixture. This moment isinduced by the change in contour of the ring between the twodisk sections as they separate. The test fixture is designed tominimize the effect of this bending moment.3.2 For Procedure D, ring segment test specimen pairs areloaded into the suggested self-aligning test
12、fixtures (Fig. 2) thatare designed to apply direct tensile stress to the reduced areasof the ring segment test specimens (Fig. 3) with minimalbending moment.3.3 For Procedure E, a single ring segment test specimen isloaded into the suggested self-aligning test fixture (Fig. 4) thatis designed to app
13、ly direct tensile stress to the reduced areas ofthe ring segment test specimen (Fig. 5) with minimal bendingmoment.4. Significance and Use4.1 Split disk and ring segment tensile tests, properlyinterpreted, provide reasonably accurate information with re-gard to the apparent tensile strength of plast
14、ic pipe whenemployed under conditions approximating those under whichthe tests are made.4.2 Ring tensile tests may provide data for research anddevelopment, engineering design, quality control, acceptance1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F17 on PlasticPiping Systems and i
15、s the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F17.40 on TestMethods.Current edition approved Jan. 1, 2019. Published February 2019. Originallyapproved in 1964. Last previous edition approved in 2016 as D2290 16. DOI:10.1520/D2290-192For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org,
16、orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standardCopyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700,
17、West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United StatesThis international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World
18、 Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.1or rejection under specifications, and for special purposes. Thetest cannot be considered significant for applications differingwidely from the load-time scale of the standard test.NOTE 1Procedure C has been used on polyethylene and po
19、lybutylenepipe to produce results equivalent to Quick Burst results (Test MethodD1599) for 4 in. to 8 in. pipes.5. Apparatus5.1 MicrometersSuitable ball anvil-type micrometers,reading to at least 0.001 in., for measuring the width andthickness of the test specimens.5.2 Testing MachineA universal tes
20、ting machine of theconstant-rate-of-cross-head-movement type and comprisingessentially the following:5.2.1 Drive MechanismA drive mechanism for impartingto the crosshead a uniform controlled velocity with respect tothe base, this velocity to be regulated as specified in Section 9.5.2.2 Load Indicato
21、rA load-indicating mechanism ca-pable of showing the total tensile load carried by the testspecimen. This mechanism shall be essentially free frominertia lag at the specified rate of testing and shall indicate theload with an accuracy of 61 % of the indicated value. Theaccuracy of the testing machin
22、e shall be verified in accordancewith Method E4.5.3 Procedure A, B, and C Test FixtureThe recommendedtest fixture Procedures A, B, and C is shown in Fig. 1. Thewidth of the split disk for Procedure A and Procedure B shallbe at least 0.1 in. greater than the width of the specimen. Thewidth of the spl
23、it disk for Procedure C shall be 2.0 in. 6 0.1 in.The supports for holding the tension test fixture shall beself-aligning, that is, they shall be attached to the fixed andmovable member of the test machine, respectively, in such amanner that they move freely into alignment as soon as anyload is appl
24、ied, so that the direction of the applied pull isdirectly perpendicular to the split axis of the test fixture.5.4 Procedure D Test FixtureA tension test fixture forProcedure D is illustrated in Fig. 2. The supports for holdingthe tension test fixture shall be self-aligning, that is, they shallbe att
25、ached to the fixed and movable member of the testmachine, respectively, in such a manner that they move freelyinto alignment as soon as any load is applied, so that thedirection of the applied pull is directly perpendicular to thesplit axis of the test fixture.NOTE 2In Fig. 2, the 2.00-in (50.8 mm)
26、wide by 5.00-in (127 mm)long openings are suitable for ring segment specimens that are 1.6 to 1.8in (40.6 to 45.7 mm) wide and from 1.0 to 4.5 in (25.4 to 114.3 mm) wallthickness. For ring segment specimen wall thickness greater than 4.5 in(114.3 mm), opening size may be adjusted appropriately. Open
27、ing sizeshould allow 0.10 in (2.5 mm) minimum width clearance on each side, andat least 0.50 in (12.7 mm) wall thickness clearance. Ring segment testspecimen securing pins 0.50-in (12.7 mm) diameter have been foundsuitable. Tapering or rounding the ends of the securing cross pinsfacilitates installa
28、tion into the ring segments specimens. See Fig. 2 andFig. 3.5.5 Procedure E Test FixtureAtest fixture for Procedure Eis illustrated in Fig. 4. The Test fixture shall be self-aligning,that is, it shall be attached to the fixed and movable member ofthe test machine, respectively, in such a manner that
29、 it movesfreely into alignment as soon as any load is applied, so that thedirection of the applied pull is directly perpendicular to thesplit axis of the test fixture.5.6 Conditioning ApparatusApparatus for maintainingtemperature and relative humidity for conditioning prior to test,in accordance wit
30、h Section 7.6. Test Specimen6.1 Test specimen for Procedure A shall be full-diameter,full-wall thickness rings cut from reinforced thermosettingresin pipe by any suitable means. Specimens shall conform toFig. 6. Specimens shall have a minimum overall width of 0.90in., and a minimum width in the redu
31、ced section(s) of 0.55 in.FIG. 1 Test Fixture: TypicalD2290 192The number of reduced areas shall be one or two. If two, theymust be located 180 apart. Reduced areas must be centeredrelative to the specimen width to within 0.05 in.6.2 Test specimens for Procedure B shall be full-diameter,full-thickne
32、ss rings cut from thermoplastic pipe, by any suit-able means, as shown in Fig. 7. The minimum width of theFixture dimensions are for illustration only. See Note 2.FIG. 2 Procedure D Test FixtureD2290 193ring, W, per Fig. 7 shall be 0.50-in. The maximum width of thering shall be 2.00in. Reduced areas
33、 shall be machined asshown in Fig. 7 and shall be located at the point of minimumwall thickness and at 180 thereto except when the test is usedfor specialized purposes (see Note 3). The reduced area, Wr,per Fig. 7, shall be at least 0.25-in smaller than W. The ratio ofthe width of the ring, W, to th
34、e reduced area, Wr, shall be atleast 2.0. The width range of the reduced area, Wr, shall be0.250-in. minimum to 0.750-in. maximum. Within the 0.250 to0.750- in. allowable range for Wr, the maximum differencebetween Wr at the point of minimum wall thickness and Wr at180 opposite shall be 0.020-in. Th
35、e maximum variation in Wrfrom the outside diameter to the inside diameter of the testspecimen shall be 0.010-in.The reduced areas of the specimenmust be free of machining marks and uniform in cross section.NOTE 3The reduced sections for the extruded or molded specimenscan be located at any points on
36、 the periphery of the specimen providedthey are 180 apart, that is, even at the weld or “knit” line of the specimenif the strength of these areas is being investigated.NOTE 4Specimen ring width, W, per Fig. 7 may be varied between0.50 in. and 2.00 in. For larger diameter pipes with greater wall thic
37、kness,specimen stability during testing is improved when ring width is greater.6.3 Test specimens for Procedure C shall be cut normal tothe pipe axis with parallel sides. The width of the specimenshall be nominally 1.75 in. to 2.00 in. Two areas, one of whichincludes the minimum pipe wall thickness
38、and the other 180deg opposite, shall be wet sanded to remove cutting marks;care must be exercised to retain the rectangular cross-section ofthe prepared areas.6.4 Test samples for Procedure D shall be full rings cutnormal to the pipe axis with parallel sides. The width of ringsamples shall be nomina
39、lly 2.00 6 0.2 in. (50.8 6 5.1 mm).One ring sample is used to produce ring segment Specimens 1and 2.6.4.1 Ring sample wall thickness shall be measured, and theminimum wall thickness and the point 180 degrees oppositeshall be located and marked.FIG. 3 Ring Segment Specimens 1 and 2 for procedure D (S
40、ee 6.4.2 and 6.4.3.)FIG. 4 Self Aligning Test Fixture for Procedure ED2290 1946.4.2 Ring segment Specimens 1 and 2 shall be cut from thering sample. Ring segment specimen cuts shall be made notless than 2.0 in (50 mm) above and below the minimum wallthickness point (Specimen 1) and the point 180 deg
41、reesopposite (Specimen 2). Ring segment Specimens 1 and 2 shallbe machined smooth on both sides to width W (1.70 6 0.10 in(43.2 6 2.5 mm) per Fig. 3. Care shall be taken to retain arectangular cross section. After machining, Specimens 1 and 2shall be conditioned per Practice D618 Procedure A at 73.4
42、 63.6F (23 6 2C) and 50 6 50 percentwithout regard torelative humidity for not less than 24 h.6.4.3 After conditioning per 6.4.2, reduced cross sectionareas shall be machined into ring segment Specimens 1 and 2,and two holes for cross pins shall be drilled parallel to andcentered equidistant above a
43、nd below the Specimen 1 and 2reduced cross section areas. See Fig. 3.6.5 Test samples for Procedure E shall be full rings cutnormal to the pipe axis with parallel sides. The width of ringsamples shall be nominally 1.00 6 0.2 in. (25.4 6 5.1mm).One ring sample shall be used to produce each specimen.6
44、.5.1 Ring segment test specimen shall be cut from the ringsample. Ring segment test specimen shall be machined smoothon both sides, with care taken to retain a rectangular crosssection.6.5.2 Reduced cross sections shall be machined into ringsegment test specimen and two holes for cross pins shall be
45、drilled parallel to and centered equidistant, above and below,the reduced cross section areas as detailed in Fig. 5. Reducedcross section areas shall be machined to 0.25 in to 0.75 in (6.35mm to 19.05 mm) thick thick with variance through reducedcross section areas no greater than 6 0.005 in (0.127
46、mm).6.6 Number of Test SpecimensThe number of ring testsamples is optional; however, a minimum of five samples areneeded to obtain a reliable average test value. For qualitycontrol purposes, the sample quantity shall be one, and in casesFIG. 5 Ring Segment Test Specimen for Procedure E (See 6.5.1 an
47、d 6.5.2)D2290 195of disagreement, five ring samples shall be tested and theaverage test value shall be recorded.7. Conditioning7.1 ConditioningCondition the Procedure A, B, and C testspecimens at 73.4 6 3.6F (23 6 2C) and 50 6 10 % relativehumidity for not less than 24 h prior to test in accordance
48、withProcedure A of Practice D618. After preparation per 6.4through 6.4.3, condition Procedure D and E test specimens at73.4 6 3.6F (23 6 2C) without regard to relative humidityfor not less than 24 h in accordance with Procedure A ofPractice D618 prior to test specimen.7.2 Test ConditionsConduct Proc
49、edure A, B, and C testsin the standard laboratory atmosphere of 73.4 6 3.6F (23 62C) and 50 6 10 % relative humidity, unless otherwiseFIG. 6 Reduced-Section Specimens for Procedure AFIG. 7 Reduced Section Specimen for Procedure BD2290 196specified in the test methods or in this specification. ConductProcedure B, C, D, and E tests in a laboratory atmosphere of73.4 6 3.6F (23 6 2C) without regard to relative humidity,unless otherwise specified in the test methods or in thisspecification.7.3 In case of disagreement, special conditioning proce-dur
