1、Designation: C977 10C977 18Standard Specification forQuicklime and Hydrated Lime for Soil Stabilization1This standard is issued under the fixed designation C977; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revi
2、sion. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.1. Scope1.1 This specification pertains to quicklime
3、and hydrated lime, either high calcium, dolomitic, or magnesian lime, for use instabilization of soils (See(see Note 2).NOTE 1Quicklime and hydrated lime act upon clay soils and may render such soils suitable for highway construction and for other load-bearingapplications. In most cases, lime causes
4、 finely divided clay particles to agglomerate into coarser particles which improvesimprove load-bearing propertiesand subsequently the lime-treated soil hardens by chemical reaction.NOTE 2No attempt is made to present requirements for by-product lime, commercial lime slurry, etc. and so forth. Speci
5、fication requirements for thesematerials could be better determined on a local basis.1.2 The values stated in inch-poundSI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematicalconversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered No ot
6、her units of measurement are includedin this standard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibilityof the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety safety, health, and healthenvironmental practices and
7、determine theapplicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardizationestablished in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendati
8、ons issuedby the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2C25 Test Methods for Chemical Analysis of Limestone, Quicklime, and Hydrated LimeC50C50/C50M Practice for Sampling, Sample Preparation, Packaging, and Marking of Lime and
9、Limestone ProductsC51 Terminology Relating to Lime and Limestone (as used by the Industry)C110 Test Methods for Physical Testing of Quicklime, Hydrated Lime, and LimestoneD6276 Test Method for Using pH to Estimate the Soil-Lime Proportion Requirement for Soil Stabilization (Withdrawn 2015)33. Chemic
10、al Composition3.1 Unless otherwise specified, for definitions of terms used in this specification, refer to Terminology C51.3.2 Quicklime and hydrated lime for soil stabilization shall conform to the following chemical composition:Calcium and Magnesium Oxides (on a non-volatile basis,minimum %)90.0C
11、arbon Dioxide (taken at point of manufacture, maximum %) 5.0Free Moisture (taken at point of manufacture, maximum %) 2.04. Physical Properties4.1 Hydrated Lime, shall have not more than 3 % retained on a No. 30 (590-m)595-m (No. 30) sieve and not more than 25 %retained on a No. 200 (75-m)74-m (No. 2
12、00) sieve.1 This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C07 on Lime and Limestone and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C07.02 on Specificationsand Guidelines.Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2010Oct. 1, 2018. Published December 2010October 2018. Originally approved in
13、1983. Last previous edition approved in 20092010as C97703(2009).C977 10. DOI: 10.1520/C0977-10.10.1520/C0977-18.2 For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standardsvolume information, refer to the s
14、tandards Document Summary page on the ASTM website.3 The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on www.astm.org.This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous ver
15、sion. Becauseit may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current versionof the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.Copyright ASTM Internatio
16、nal, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States14.2 Quicklime:4.2.1 Particle Size of QuicklimeQuicklime shall all pass a 1.0-in. (24.4-mm)25.4-mm (1.0-in.) sieve.4.2.2 Quicklime for soil stabilization shall have a temperature rise of a minimum of 30C in 20 mi
17、n.4.2.3 Residue of QuicklimeQuicklime for soil stabilization shall have not more than 10 % residue.5. Field Applications5.1 When quicklimes arequicklime is used, ensure that thorough mixing of the lime and soil is accomplished and all limepebbles have been hydrated with additional water and distribu
18、ted uniformly throughout the soil. There shall be no lime pebblespresent before the compaction operation starts. Check by turning soil with a spade at representative intervals and inspect for visiblelime pebbles. Care should be exercised on initial dry applications to minimize environmental dusting.
19、5.2 For hydrated limes, additional water shall be added to the lime-soil mixture to facilitate mixing and uniform distribution ofthe hydrated lime in the soil layer. There shall be no lime clumps present before the compaction operation starts. Check by turningsoil with a spade at representative inte
20、rvals and inspect for visible lime clumps. Care should be exercised on initial dry applicationsto minimize environmental dusting.46. Test Method6.1 The chemical analysis of quicklime and hydrated lime shall be conducted in accordance with Test Methods C25.6.2 The particle size of hydrated lime shall
21、 be determined in accordance with the sieve analysis of hydrated lime in TestMethods C110.6.3 The quicklime temperature rise and residue should be determined in accordance with the Slaking Rate of Quicklime in TestMethods C110.6.4 The appendix of this specification contains a non-mandatory test to a
22、pproximate the lime-soil proportion for stabilization.A more detailed version of this test appears in Test Method D6276.7. Sampling, Inspection, Packaging, and Marking7.1 The sampling, inspection, rejection, retesting, packaging, and marking shall be done in accordance with PracticeC50C50/C50M.8. Ke
23、ywords8.1 highway construction; hydrated lime; lime treated soils; load-bearing; quicklime; soil; stabilizationAPPENDIX(Nonmandatory Information)X1. EADES AND GRIM TEST METHOD FORDETERMINING THE APPROXIMATE LIME/SOIL PROPORTION FOR STABILIZATIONX1.1 This test method usually provides a lime-soil prop
24、ortion for stabilization. It gives an indication whether the soil in questioncan be stabilized. For most stabilization work, the results of this test should be verified by performance tests in a soil laboratory.X1.2 Air dry a sufficient quantity of the soil to be tested and screen through a No. 40 (
25、425-m)420-m (No. 40) sieve. Store ina closed container to maintain uniform moisture. Weigh to the nearest 0.1 g a series of 20-g samples of soil and place in separate150-mL plastic containers with water-tight lids.X1.3 In the case of quicklime, rapidly crush the lime to pass a No. 6 (3.35-mm)3.36-mm
26、 (No. 6) sieve.X1.4 Weigh, to the nearest 0.01 g, a series of quantities of lime equivalent to 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6 % of the soil sample.4 Further information on soil stabilization construction technique is available from National Lime Association Bulletin No. 326, 200 N. Glebe Rd., Arlington, VA,22203
27、3728. This information can be accessed online at www.lime.org.C977 182X1.5 Add the lime quantity to the soil sample, mark the container with the appropriate percentage, and mix the dry contentsthoroughly.X1.6 Add the 100 mL of 70F21C carbon dioxide-free distilled water or, if possible, 70F21C actual
28、 water to be used on thejob to each container of soil and lime. Seal with screw-cap lid and mix the three components by shaking the bottles. Shake eachbottle for 30 s every ten min for 1 h.After 1 h, shake vigorously and transfer part of the slurry into a beaker. Measure the pH witha low-sodium erro
29、r glass electrode (previously standardized to pH 12.45 with an agitated calcium hydroxide slurry). Record thepH reading for each mixture.X1.7 If the pH readings are 12.40 or higher, the lowest percentage that gives a pH of 12.40 is the % required to stabilize the soil.If the pH readings do not go be
30、yond pH of 12.30 and two percentages give this reading, the lowest % to give a pH of 12.30 isthe % required to stabilize the soil. If the highest pH reading is a pH of 12.30 and only the highest percentage lime used gives apH of 12.30, additional testing is required using higher percentages of lime.
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