1、Designation: C596 18Standard Test Method forDrying Shrinkage of Mortar Containing Hydraulic Cement1This standard is issued under the fixed designation C596; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.
2、 A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope*1.1 This test method determines the change in length ondrying of mortar bars containing hydraulic cement and gradedstandard sand.1.2 Th
3、e values stated in SI units are to be regarded asstandard. When combined standards are referenced, the selec-tion of measurement system is at the users discretion subjectto the requirements of the referenced standard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, as
4、sociated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.WarningFresh hydraulic cementitious mixtures are causticand may cause chemical bur
5、ns to skin and tissue uponprolonged exposure).21.4 This international standard was developed in accor-dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-ization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards, Guides and Recom-mendations issued by th
6、e World Trade Organization TechnicalBarriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:3C157/C157M Test Method for Length Change of HardenedHydraulic-Cement Mortar and ConcreteC219 Terminology Relating to Hydraulic CementC305 Practice for Mechanical Mixing of Hydraulic Cemen
7、tPastes and Mortars of Plastic ConsistencyC490/C490M Practice for Use of Apparatus for the Deter-mination of Length Change of Hardened Cement Paste,Mortar, and ConcreteC511 Specification for Mixing Rooms, Moist Cabinets,Moist Rooms, and Water Storage Tanks Used in theTesting of Hydraulic Cements and
8、 ConcretesC670 Practice for Preparing Precision and Bias Statementsfor Test Methods for Construction MaterialsC778 Specification for Standard SandC1005 Specification for Reference Masses and Devices forDetermining Mass and Volume for Use in the PhysicalTesting of Hydraulic CementsC1437 Test Method f
9、or Flow of Hydraulic Cement MortarE177 Practice for Use of the Terms Precision and Bias inASTM Test Methods3. Terminology3.1 The term “drying shrinkage” is defined as the decreasein length of the test specimen, where the decrease is caused byany factor other than externally applied forces under stat
10、edconditions of temperature, relative humidity and evaporationrate in the environment; the term includes the net effect of avariety of phenomena tending to bring about both increases anddecreases in length during the period in which the testspecimens under consideration are stored in the environment
11、and in which a number of processes, including hydration of thecement, are taking place at a variety of rates.3.2 Other terms used in this test method are defined inTerminology C219.4. Significance and Use4.1 This test method establishes a selected set of conditionsof temperature, relative humidity a
12、nd rate of evaporation of theenvironment to which a mortar specimen of stated compositionshall be subjected for a specified period of time during whichits change in length is determined and designated “dryingshrinkage”.4.2 The drying shrinkage of mortar as determined by thistest method has a linear
13、relation to the drying shrinkage ofconcrete made with the same cement and exposed to the same1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C01 on Cementand is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C01.31 on Volume Change.Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2018. Published December 2
14、018. Originallyapproved in 1967. Last previous edition approved in 2017 as C596 09 (2017).DOI: 10.1520/C0596-18.2Section on Safety, Manual of Cement Testing, Annual Book of Standards,Vol04.01.3For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at ser
15、viceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standardCopyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. Unit
16、ed StatesThis international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers
17、 to Trade (TBT) Committee.1drying conditions.4Hence this test method may be used whenit is desired to develop data on the effect of a hydraulic cementon the drying shrinkage of concrete made with that cement.5. Apparatus5.1 Weighing Devices and WeightsWeighing devices andweights used in determining
18、the mass of materials for mortarmixtures shall conform to the requirements of SpecificationC1005.5.2 Glass GraduatesGlass graduates of suitable capacitiesshall conform to the requirements of Specification C1005.5.3 MoldsMolds shall conform to the requirements ofPractice C490/C490M for mortars.5.4 Tr
19、owelThe trowel shall have a straight-edged steelblade 100 to 150 mm in length.5.5 TamperThe tamper shall conform to the requirementsof Test Method C157/C157M.5.6 Demolding ApparatusThe demolding apparatus shallconform to the requirements of Test Method C157/C157M.5.7 Length ComparatorThe length comp
20、arator shall con-form to the requirements of Practice C490/C490M.6. Temperature and Humidity6.1 LaboratoryThe temperature of the laboratory, drymaterials, and mixing water, and the relative humidity of theair in the laboratory shall conform to the requirements ofSpecification C511.6.2 Moist Storage
21、FacilityThe temperature and humidityof the air in the moist storage facility shall conform to therequirements of Specification C511.6.3 Drying Room and ControlsThe drying room andcontrols shall conform to the requirements of Test MethodC157/C157M.7. Graded Standard Sand7.1 The graded standard sand s
22、hall conform to SpecificationC778.8. Number of Test Specimens8.1 Make at least four test specimens (Note 1).NOTE 1Although the number of test specimens may consist of fourspecimens from a single batch of mortar, it is preferable that twelvespecimens be made with four specimens being made from each o
23、f threebatches, with each batch being made on a different day.9. Preparation of Molds9.1 Prepare the specimen molds as required by PracticeC490/C490M.10. Preparation of Test Specimens10.1 Mortar ProportionsAbatch of mortar shall consist of750 g of cement, 1500 g of graded standard sand, and anamount
24、 of mixing water sufficient to produce a flow of 110 65 %. The flow shall be determined in conformance with theprocedure as described in Test Method C1437.10.2 Mixing MortarMix the mortar in a mechanical mixeras required by Practice C305.10.3 Molding of SpecimensMold the specimens as re-quired by Te
25、st Method C157/C157M.11. Curing, Storage, and Taking Comparator Readings ofTest Specimens11.1 Cure, store, and take comparator readings of the testspecimens as required by Test Method C157/C157M, except asfollows:11.1.1 Moist cure the specimens in the molds for 24 h 6 30min. If the strength of the s
26、pecimens is insufficient to allowproper removal from the mold at 24 h, moist cure in the moldfor 48 h 6 30 min.11.1.2 Remove the specimens from the molds and cure inlime-saturated water for 48 h. If the specimens have been moistcured in the mold for 48 h, cure in lime-saturated water for 24h.11.1.3
27、At the age of 72 h 6 30 min remove the specimensfrom water, wipe with damp cloth and immediately obtain alength comparator reading for each specimen. Then place thespecimens in air storage for 25 days. Obtain a length compara-tor reading for each specimen after 4, 11, 18, and 25 days of airstorage.1
28、2. Calculation12.1 Calculate the length change of each specimen at eachage of air drying by subtracting the initial comparator reading,taken after removal from water storage, from the comparatorreading taken at each age of air drying and express asmillionths and as the percent of the effective gage
29、length. Donot prefix a shrinkage value with a minus sign.12.2 Report the average change in unit length, expressed asmillionths, and as a percent of the effective gage length of fourspecimens from the same batch of mortar as the dryingshrinkage of the mortar. If any one test specimen is manifestlyfau
30、lty, discard it. If more than one test specimen is discarded,do not report the results and repeat the test on a new batch ofmortar. If more than one batch of mortar has been tested, reportthe average result of the individual batches. When the experi-menter is clearly aware that a gross deviation fro
31、m prescribedexperimental procedure has taken place, discard the resultantobservation, whether or not it agrees with the rest of the dataand without recourse to statistical tests for outliers.NOTE 2An approximation of ultimate drying shrinkage of mortar maybe determined by plotting the shrinkage valu
32、es as a function of thereciprocal of the time. The time includes the moist curing period. An4Data pertaining to the relation of the drying shrinkage of mortar test specimensand of the drying shrinkage of concrete test specimens as affected by the cementunder specified laboratory test conditions, may
33、 be found in RR:C01-0120, availablefrom ASTM Headquarters; in a report of the California Division of Highways.“Significance of the Test for Contraction of Mortar in Air with Respect toPerformance of Cements in Concrete,” Oct. 18, 1961; and in the paper by Mardulier,F. J., Schneider, A. M., and Stock
34、ett, A. L., “An Analysis of Drying Shrinkage. Datafor Portland Cement Mortar and Concrete,” Journal of Materials, JMLSA,Am. Soc.Testing Mats., Vol 2, No. 4, 1967, pp. 829842. A relevant paper by H. T. Arnientitled “The Significance of the Correlation Coefficient for Analyzing EngineeringData” was pu
35、blished in Materials Research and Standards, MTRSA, Am. Soc.Testing Mats., Vol. 11, No. 5, 1971, pp. 1619.C596 182example of the method is given in Fig. 1 where a logarithmic scale is usedfor the drying shrinkage values and a reciprocal scale for the total time inweeks.13. Precision and Bias13.1 Pre
36、cision:13.1.1 Single-laboratory PrecisionThe single-laboratorymulti-batch standard deviation among test results determinedfrom the average of four test specimens has been determined tobe 0.0029 %. Therefore, the difference between two test resultsmade two different batches of mortar should agree to
37、within0.0081 % in 95 % of such two-batch comparisons.513.1.2 Multi-Laboratory PrecisionThe coefficient ofvariation for multi-laboratory test results determined using fourtest specimens per batch was determined to be 14.7 %.Therefore, the difference in test results between two laborato-ries is expect
38、ed to agree to within 41 % of their mean in 95 %of such two-laboratory comparisons.513.2 BiasNo justifiable statement can be made on the biasof this test method since no reference samples are available.14. Keywords14.1 drying shrinkage; hydraulic cement; method; mortarSUMMARY OF CHANGESCommittee C01
39、 has identified the location of selected changes to this standard since the last issue(C596 09 (2017) that may impact the use of this standard. (Approved Dec. 1, 2018.)(1) Removed previous 13.1.3. (2) Revised 13.1.1 and 13.1.2.5These numbers represent the difference limits (d2s) as described in Prac
40、ticeC670.FIG. 1 Ultimate Drying Shrinkage of MortarC596 183ASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such pat
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