1、Designation: C580 02 (Reapproved 2012)C580 18Standard Test Method forFlexural Strength and Modulus of Elasticity of Chemical-Resistant Mortars, Grouts, Monolithic Surfacings, andPolymer Concretes1This standard is issued under the fixed designation C580; the number immediately following the designati
2、on indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agen
3、cies of the U.S. Department of Defense.1. Scope1.1 This test method covers the determination of flexural strength and modulus of elasticity in flexure of cured chemical-resistant materials in the form of molded rectangular beams. These materials include mortars, brick and tile grouts, structuralgrou
4、ts, machinery grouts, monolithic surfacings (60 mils or greater), and polymer concretes. These materials shall be based onresin, silicate, silica, or sulfur binders.1.2 Abar of rectangular cross section is tested in flexure as a simple beam in center point loading: the bar rests on two supportsand t
5、he load is applied by means of a loading nose midway between supports.1.3 Method A outlines the testing procedure generally used for systems containing aggregate less than 0.2 in. (5 mm) in size.Method B covers the testing procedure generally used for systems containing aggregate from 0.2 to 0.4 in.
6、 (10 mm) in size. MethodC is used for systems containing aggregate larger than 0.4 in.1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematicalconversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standa
7、rd.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibilityof the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety safety, health, and healthenvironmental practices and determine theapplicability of regulatory limitation
8、s prior to use.1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardizationestablished in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issuedby the World Trade Organization Technical
9、 Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2C904 Terminology Relating to Chemical-Resistant Nonmetallic MaterialsC1312 Practice for Making and Conditioning Chemical-Resistant Sulfur Polymer Cement Concrete Test Specimens in theLaboratoryE4 Practices for Force Verifi
10、cation of Testing MachinesE177 Practice for Use of the Terms Precision and Bias in ASTM Test MethodsE691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to Determine the Precision of a Test Method3. Terminology3.1 DefinitionsFor definitions of terms used in this test method, see Terminology C904.4.
11、 Significance and Use4.1 This test method is generally applicable to rigid and semirigid materials. Although flexural strength cannot be determinedfor those materials that do not break, tangent modulus of elasticity can be determined.1 This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D01
12、 on Paint and Related Coatings, Materials, and Applications and is the direct responsibility ofSubcommittee D01.46 on Industrial Protective Coatings.Current edition approved Aug. 1, 2012July 1, 2018. Published September 2012November 2018. Originally approved in 1965. Last previous edition approved i
13、n 20082012as C580 02 (2008).(2012). DOI: 10.1520/C0580-02R12.10.1520/C0580-18.2 For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standardsvolume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page on
14、the ASTM website.This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Becauseit may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users
15、consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current versionof the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States14.2 The results obtained by thi
16、s test method should serve as a guide in, but not as the sole basis for, selection of achemical-resistant material for a particular application. No attempt has been made to incorporate into this test method all thevarious factors that may affect the performance of a material when subjected to actual
17、 service.4.3 In addition to the tangent modulus of elasticity, a secant modulus is calculated at the point on the stress-strain(load-deflection) graph where the strain is 50 % of the maximum strain.5. Apparatus5.1 Weighing Equipment, shall be capable of weighing materials or specimens to 60.3 % accu
18、racy.5.2 Equipment for Mixing Materials, shall consist of a container of suitable size, preferably corrosion-resistant, a spatula,trowel, or mechanical mixer, and a 38 in. diameter rod with a rounded end, for use in casting specimens.5.3 Specimen Molds:5.3.1 Method AMolds to permit the casting of ba
19、rs 1 6 116 in. (25 6 1 mm) square by 10 in. (250 mm) minimum length.5.3.1.1 For sulfur mortars, the following additional equipment is required:(1) Cover Plate, of a size sufficient to enclose the open side of the bar mold. The base plate from another similar bar mold hasbeen found to be acceptable.(
20、2) C-Clamp, large enough to fasten the cover plate securely over the bar mold.(3) Melting Chamber, of sufficient volume and heat capacity to melt the sulfur mortar sample and maintain the temperature ofthe melt between 260 and 290F (127 and 143C).(4) Laboratory Mixer, of such a type and speed to be
21、capable of lifting the aggregate without beating air into the melt.(5) Ladle, of sufficient capacity to completely pour one bar.(6) Masking Tape, 1 in. (25 mm), or an equivalent.5.3.2 Method BMolds to permit the casting of bars 2 6 18 in. (50 6 3 mm) square by 12 in. (300 mm) minimum length.5.3.3 Me
22、thod CMolds to permit casting of rectangular beams shall have a minimum cross-sectional dimension of 2 in. andat least three times the nominal maximum size of the coarse aggregate in the polymer concrete (Note 1). The bar length shall beat least three times the beam depth plus 2 in.NOTE 1The nominal
23、 maximum size of coarse aggregate is that size next larger than the largest sieve on which at least 15 % of the coarse aggregateby weight is retained.5.4 Testing MachineThe testing machine shall be of any type sufficient to provide the required load and the rate of deflectionprescribed. It shall hav
24、e been verified to have an accuracy of 1.0 % or better within twelve months of the time of use in accordancewith Practices E4. It shall be equipped with an appropriate device to record deflection and produce a graph of load versusdeflection.5.5 Loading Nose and SupportsThe loading nose and supports
25、shall have cylindrical surfaces. To avoid excessive indentation,the radius of the nose and supports shall be at least 18 in. for Method A specimens, 14 in. for Method B specimens, and 12 in. forMethod C specimens.6. Test Specimens6.1 All specimens for a single determination shall be made from a sing
26、le mix containing sufficient amounts of the componentsin the proportions and in the manner specified by the manufacturer of the materials. If the proportions so specified are by volume,the components shall be weighed and the corresponding proportions by weight shall be reported.6.1.1 Number of Speci
27、mensPrepare a minimum of six test bar specimens for each material tested. Additional specimens maybe required to establish the cross head speed in 9.3.2.6.2 Specimen Size:6.2.1 For Method A, the specimen shall be 1 6 116 in. (25 6 1 mm) square by 10 to 14 in. (254 to 356 mm) long.6.2.2 For Method B,
28、 the specimens shall be 2 6 18 in. (25 6 1 mm) square by 12 to 16 in. (305 to 406 mm) long.6.2.3 For Method C, the specimens shall be rectangular beams with cross section as in 5.3.3 and with a length equal to the spanplus 2 to 12 in. (51 to 305 mm).6.3 Specimen Preparation Temperature:6.3.1 Resin,
29、Silicate, and Silica MaterialsThe standard temperature of the materials, molds, apparatus, and the ambienttemperature of the mixing area shall be 73 6 4F (23 6 2C), unless otherwise specified by the manufacturer. Record the actualtemperature.6.3.2 Sulfur MortarsThe material shall be maintained at 27
30、5 6 15F. The temperature of the molds and the ambienttemperature of the mixing area shall be 73 6 4F (23 6 2C). Record the actual temperature.6.3.3 For Sulfur Concrete, the material, mold, apparatus, and mixing equipment shall be 275 6 15F (135 6 8C), unlessotherwise specified by the manufacturer. R
31、efer to Practice C1312.6.4 Molding Test Specimens:6.4.1 Lubricate the mold by applying a thin film of an appropriate mold release or lubricant.C580 1826.4.2 Resin, Silicate, and Silica MaterialsMix a sufficient amount of the components in the proportions and in the mannerspecified by the manufacture
32、r of the materials. Fill the molds one-half full. Remove any entrapped air by using a cutting andstabbing motion with a spatula or rounded-end rod. Fill the remainder of the mold, working down into the previously placedportion. Upon completion of the filling operation, the tops of the specimens shou
33、ld extend slightly above the tops of the molds.When the molds have been filled, strike off the excess material, even with the top of the mold. Permit the material to remain inthe mold until it has set sufficiently to allow removal without danger of deformation or breakage.6.4.3 Silicate MaterialsSom
34、e silicates may require covering during the curing period. After removal from the molds,acid-treat the specimens, if required, in accordance with the recommendations given by the manufacturer. No other treatment shallbe permitted. Record the method of treatment in the report section under Conditioni
35、ng Procedure.6.4.4 Sulfur Mortars:6.4.4.1 Assemble the mold described in 5.3.1 for the specimens. Cover the bolt hole in the mold end piece with 1 in. (25 mm)masking tape or other material.6.4.4.2 Carefully place the cover plate onto the mold, covering only one of the end pieces. Apply a C-clamp aro
36、und the moldand cover plate in such a manner as to hold the longitudinal mold pieces firmly in place with the cover plate.6.4.4.3 Remove the uncovered end piece, being careful not to disturb the side bars.6.4.4.4 Stand the mold on end, supporting it in such a manner that it will not tip.6.4.4.5 Slow
37、ly melt approximately 5 lb (2.3 kg) of sulfur mortar in the melt chamber at a temperature of 275 6 15F whilestirring gently with the laboratory mixer. (The mixer speed should be controlled so that it is sufficient to lift the aggregate withoutbeating air into the melt.)6.4.4.6 Using the ladle, fill
38、each mold completely, allowing the molten material to just reach the upper end of the mold.6.4.4.7 Carefully watch the end of the fresh casting and continually “top-off” the pour as shrinkage occurs (approximately threetimes).6.4.5 Sulfur ConcreteRefer to Practice C1312.7. Conditioning7.1 Resin, Sil
39、ica, and Silicate MaterialsAge the test specimens for a period of seven days, including the cure period in themold, at 73 6 4F (23 6 2C) and relative humidity less than 80 % before testing.7.2 Sulfur MaterialsBefore testing, condition the specimens at 73 6 4F. The time between casting the specimens
40、and testingthe specimens shall be at least 24 h.7.3 If longer or shorter conditioning time is used, the conditioning time shall be reported.8. Procedure8.1 Measurement of SpecimensMeasure the depth and width of all test specimens to the nearest 0.001 in. (0.025 mm) usinga micrometer. Make two measur
41、ements for each dimension near the middle of the beams length and average them.8.2 The testing machine shall be set up to test the specimens in simple bending with two supports and the load being appliedby means of a loading nose midway between the supports.8.2.1 Method AThe span shall be 9 6 0.1 in
42、. (230 6 2 mm).8.2.2 Method BThe span shall be 10 6 0.1 in. (254 6 3 mm).8.2.3 Method CThe span shall be beam depth times 3 6 2 %.8.3 Cross Head Speed:8.3.1 In order to achieve a strain rate of 0.01 6 0.001 per minute at the top and bottom of the beam, set the testing machineto produce a cross head
43、speed as determined by the following formula:Speed50.001673L2d (1)where:speed = the cross head speed, in./min (mm/min),L = span, in. (mm), andd = depth of beam tested, in. (mm).8.3.2 For sulfur concrete, load the specimen continuously and without shock. The load may be applied rapidly up toapproxima
44、tely 50 % of the breaking load. Thereafter, apply the load at such a rate that constantly increases the extreme fiber stressbetween 125 and 175 psi/min (0.86 and 1.21 MPa/min), when calculated in accordance with 9.1, until rupture occurs.8.4 Place the specimen in the testing machine in such a manner
45、 that the faces of the beam that were in contact with the trueplane surfaces of the mold are in contact with the supports and the center loading nose. Center the beam over the specimensupports.C580 1838.5 Apply the load to the specimen at the speed calculated in 8.3.1 (this is the cross head speed o
46、f the machine when runningwithout load) and record load deflection data. Deflection shall be measured by either a transducer under the specimen and in contactwith it at the center of the span, or by the measurement of the motion of the loading nose relative to the supports.8.5.1 Stop the test when t
47、he specimen breaks or the load drops off 25 % from its highest value.9. Calculations9.1 Flexural StrengthThe flexural strength is equal to the stress calculated at maximum load. It is calculated as follows:S53PL/2bd2 (2)where:S = stress in the specimen at midspan, psi (MPa),P = the maximum load at o
48、r prior to the moment of crack or break, lbf (or N),L = span, in. (mm),b = width of beam tested, in. (mm), andd = depth of beam tested, in. (mm).9.2 Modulus of Elasticity (Tangent)The tangent modulus of elasticity is the ratio, within the elastic limit, of stress tocorresponding strain, and shall be
49、 expressed in psi (MPa). It is calculated by drawing a tangent line to the steepest initial portionof the load-deformation curve and calculating as follows:ET 5L3 M1/4bd3 (3)where:ET = tangent modulus of elasticity in bending, psi (GPa),L = span, in. (mm),b = width of beam tested, in. (mm),d = depth of beam tested, in. (mm), andM1 = slope of the tangent to the initial straight-line portion of the load-deflection curve, lbf/in. (N/mm) deflection.9.3 Modulus of Elasticity (Secant):9.3.1 The secant modulus of elasticity is the ratio of str
