1、Designation: C549 18Standard Specification forPerlite Loose Fill Insulation1This standard is issued under the fixed designation C549; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parenthese
2、s indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.1. Scope1.1 This specification covers the composition and physicalproperties of e
3、xpanded perlite loose fill insulation. The speci-fication also includes the testing procedures by which theacceptability of the material is determined. These testingprocedures deal primarily with material performance in thetemperature range associated with the thermal envelope ofbuildings; however,
4、the commercially usable temperaturerange for this insulation is from 459 to 1400F (1 to 1033 K).For specialized applications, refer to the manufacturers in-structions.1.2 The specification also covers the composition and prop-erties of perlite that has been surface-treated to produce dustsuppression
5、 for installations where dust is a factor.1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regardedas standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematicalconversions to SI units that are provided for information onlyand are not considered standard.1.4 The following applies to Test Methods E
6、84 and E136This standard is used to measure and describe the response ofmaterials, products, or assemblies to heat and flame undercontrolled conditions, but does not by itself incorporate allfactors required for fire hazard or fire risk assessment of thematerials, products, or assemblies under actua
7、l fire conditions.1.5 The following applies to Test Methods E84 and E136Fire testing is inherently hazardous. Adequate safeguards forpersonnel and property shall be employed in conducting thesetests.1.6 When the installation or use of thermal insulationmaterials, accessories and systems, may pose sa
8、fety or healthproblems, the manufacturer shall provide the user appropriatecurrent information regarding any known problems associatedwith the recommended use of the companys products, andshall also recommend protective measures to be employed intheir safe utilization. The user shall establish appro
9、priatesafety and health practices and determine the applicability ofregulatory requirements prior to use. For additional precau-tionary statements, see Section 12.1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the
10、user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.8 This international standard was developed in accor-dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-ization established
11、in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards, Guides and Recom-mendations issued by the World Trade Organization TechnicalBarriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2C136 Test Method for Sieve Analysis of Fine and CoarseAggregatesC168 T
12、erminology Relating to Thermal InsulationC177 Test Method for Steady-State Heat Flux Measure-ments and Thermal Transmission Properties by Means ofthe Guarded-Hot-Plate ApparatusC390 Practice for Sampling and Acceptance of ThermalInsulation LotsC518 Test Method for Steady-State Thermal TransmissionPr
13、operties by Means of the Heat Flow Meter ApparatusC520 Test Methods for Density of Granular Loose FillInsulationsE84 Test Method for Surface Burning Characteristics ofBuilding MaterialsE136 Test Method for Behavior of Materials in a VerticalTube Furnace at 750CE177 Practice for Use of the Terms Prec
14、ision and Bias inASTM Test Methods1This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C16 onThermal Insulation and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C16.23 onBlanket and Loose Fill Insulation.Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2018. Published November 2018. Originallyapproved in
15、 1964. Last previous edition approved in 2012 as C549 06 (2012).DOI: 10.1520/C0549-18.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary
16、 page onthe ASTM website.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United StatesThis international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles fo
17、r theDevelopment of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.13. Terminology3.1 Terms used in this specification are defined in Termi-nology C168.4. Classification4.1 Perlite loose fill insulation shall con
18、form to the physicalrequirements of 7. Expanded perlite that has been treated tolimit the amount of dust generated during application shall beidentified on the product label.5. Ordering Information5.1 All purchase orders shall designate the density ofinsulation desired or require conformance with th
19、e propertiesin 7.1. The purchase order shall designate surface-treatedproduct when desired.6. Materials and Manufacture6.1 Perlite is a generic term for a naturally occurringsiliceous mineral which is mined, crushed, sieved and dried toproduce a crude perlite ore. The crude ore, in the form ofpartic
20、les of varying size, weighing 60 to 75 lb/ft3(960 to 1200kg/m3), is expanded in high-temperature furnaces to densitiesin the range from 2.0 to 11.0 lb/ft3(32 to 176 kg/m3). As anaturally occurring mineral, it is classified as an elementarybuilding material. It is noncombustible as determined by Test
21、Method E136.7. Physical Requirements7.1 The physical requirements listed in this section aredefined as inspection requirements (see Practice C390). Theinsulation shall conform to the following requirements:Bulk density, lb/ft3(kg/m3) 211 (32176)Grading (particle size):Percentage retained, maximum (b
22、yweight), Sieve No. 4 (4.75 mm), %5Small-scale fire test no sparking orignition7.2 The physical requirements listed in this section aredefined as Qualification Requirements (see Practice C390).The insulation shall conform to the following requirements:Thermal resistance, hft2F/Btu (m2K/W) See Table
23、1Moisture absorption, weight % 14 days, max, % 1.0Combustibility (by Test Method E136) noncombustibleSurface burning characteristics:Flame spread, maxSmoke developed, max002550Dust suppression: (for surface treatedproduct)Weight of collected material, max, mg 858. Sampling8.1 For purposes of standar
24、d tests, sampling shall be inaccordance with Practice C390.9. Test Methods9.1 Bulk DensityTest Methods C520, Method A.9.2 GradingTest Method C136, except that when a me-chanical sieving device is used, the sieving time shall be 5 minand the test sample shall be 0.11 6 0.02 lb (50 6 9g) ofmaterial.9.
25、3 Small-Scale Fire Test:9.3.1 ScopeThe purpose of this quality control test is toconfirm that excessive coating or organic material has not beenadded during processing.9.3.2 SignificanceThis specification measures and de-scribes the response of materials, products, or assemblies toheat and flame und
26、er controlled condition, but does not byitself incorporate all factors required for fire risk assessment ofmaterials, products or assemblies under actual conditions.9.3.3 ProcedureHold a 0.02 to 0.03 lb (9 to 14g) specimenof the perlite insulation in a suitable fixture (such as 6 by 6 by2-in. (152 b
27、y 152 by 51-mm) deep wire mesh basket con-structed from 100-mesh (150 m) stainless steel woven wirecloth) and positioned in direct contact with the flame of aBunsen burner for about 20 s. Sparking or ignition indicatesfailure to conform to the requirements of 7.19.3.4 Precision and BiasNo statement
28、is made abouteither the precision or the accuracy of the small-scale fire testfor determining resistance of the perlite insulation to heat andflame since the result merely states whether there is confor-mance to the criteria for success specified in the procedure.9.4 Thermal ResistanceTests of therm
29、al resistance shallbe determined in accordance with Test Method C177 or C518.Testing shall be done at the design density and representativethickness. The arithmetic average thermal resistance of fourspecimens shall exceed 95% the value in Table 1. The thermalresistance (R-value) shall be determined
30、at mean temperatureof 75 6 1F (24 6 0.5C) and a temperature difference of 40F(22C) . Report the direction of heat flow. Thermal resistanceat other mean temperatures may be determined if required.9.5 Moisture AbsorptionThe test specimen shall be 0.116 0.05 lb (50 6 23 g) of product. Fill and level th
31、e product intoa specimen holder 9 by 9 by 5 6 0.1 in. (228 by 228 by 1276 3 mm) deep.9.5.1 Precondition in accordance with Test Method C177 orC518. Conditioning shall be with minimum air movementacross the specimen surface. Condition at 50 6 2 % relativehumidity and 120 6 2F (49 6 1C) to constant we
32、ight andrecord. State the density of the specimen conditioned toconstant weight in the report of results.9.5.2 Increase the relative humidity to 90 6 2 %. Conditionto constant weight by weighing at 24-h intervals. Determinethe moisture pickup as a percent of conditioned weightdetermined in 9.5.1 at
33、50 6 2% relative humidity and 120 62F (49 6 1C).9.5.3 Precision and BiasThis test establishes a typicalproperty of perlite. It is an inherent characteristic. It is onlyintended to indicate sorption under high humidity conditionswhich are known to be characteristic of its usual insulation enduse.9.6
34、Surface Burning Characteristics of perlite insulationshall be determined in accordance with Test Method E84 at athickness that is representative of end use with a materialartificially supported in the test apparatus. Perlite with surfacetreatment to suppress dust shall be tested using Test MethodE13
35、6 to demonstrate non-combustibility.9.7 Dust Suppression:C549 1829.7.1 Apparatus:9.7.1.1 Glass Plate, 1612 by 1612 by14 in. (420 by 420 by6.4 mm).9.7.1.2 Clear Methacrylate Sheet Box, open bottom, 1512by 1512 by 1958 in. (390 by 390 by 500 6 3 mm) high with ahole in the center of the top 2116 in. (5
36、2.4 mm) in diameter.9.7.1.3 Plastic Tube, 2 6 0.1 in. outside diameter by 1.8 60.1 in. inside diameter (50 by 45 6 3 mm), 17.75 6 0.25 in.(450 6 6 mm) long, with a rubber washer such that the washersnugly fits the outside diameter of the plastic tube and has alarger outside diameter than the hole in
37、 the box.9.7.1.4 Beaker, 2000-mL.9.7.1.5 Laboratory Funnel with a minimum nozzle insidediameter of 1 in. (25.4 mm).9.7.1.6 Graduated Cylinder, 1000-mL.9.7.1.7 Small Brush.9.7.1.8 Scale capable of measuring mass to within 0.000002lb (0.001 g).9.7.2 Specimen PreparationSpoon a representative speci-men
38、 of the product into the graduated cylinder to the 1000-mLlevel.9.7.3 Procedure:9.7.3.1 Place the glass plate flat on a suitable work surface.9.7.3.2 Place the 2000-mL beaker in the exact center of theglass plate.9.7.3.3 Place the plastic box on the glass plate such that thebox is centered on the pl
39、ate and hole in top of the box iscentered directly over the 2000-mL beaker.9.7.3.4 Insert the plastic pipe into the hole in the top of thebox such that it protrudes down into the box such that the clearvertical distance from the bottom of the tube to the top of the2000-mL beaker is 1316 in. (21 mm).
40、 The tube is supported inthe vertical position by the rubber washer.9.7.3.5 Place the laboratory funnel into the plastic tube.9.7.3.6 Pour 1000 mL of test material into the funnel suchthat it empties of all material in 10 s. It is the intent to have auniform stream of material falling into the box f
41、or 10 s.9.7.3.7 After all visible material has settled onto the glassplate, carefully remove the plastic box and gently sweep thematerial that has collected on the glass plate into a pile, removeit, and determine its weight.9.7.4 Calculations:9.7.4.1 Report the amount of test material in milligrams
42、as“milligrams collected.”9.7.4.2 Report results as the average of five or moreindependent tests with no single reading over 0.00022 lb (100mg) with separate samples taken from the same source.9.7.5 Precision and BiasThe single-specimen, single-operator, single-day precision is a standard deviation o
43、f4.4105lb (0.02 g) for the dust-suppressed material over arange from 2.2105to 1.8 104(0.01 to 0.08 g) as definedin Practice E177.10. Inspection10.1 Inspection of the materials shall be made as agreedupon by the purchaser and the manufacturer as part of thepurchase contract.11. Packaging and Marking1
44、1.1 PackagingUnless otherwise specified, the insulationshall be packed in the manufacturers standard commercialcontainer. The insulation shall be packed to ensure carrieracceptance and safe delivery at destination in containerscomplying with the rules and regulations applicable to themode of transpo
45、rtation.11.2 MarkingShipping containers shall be marked withthe name of the insulation, minimum weight of container, andthe name of the manufacturer.12. Health and Safety Precautions12.1 PreinstallationHandle and store in accordance withmanufacturers instructions. Keep it dry and free of extraneousm
46、aterials.TABLE 1 Thermal ResistanceThermal Resistance for 1 in. (0.0254m) Thickness, hft2F/Btu (m2K/W)Mean Temp DensityALow Temperature ApplicationsF (C) 2-4.1 (3266) 4.1-7.4 (66-118) 7.4-11 (118-176)-300 (-184) 9.17.7 (1.6-1.4) 7.7-6.3 (1.4-1.1) 6.35.2 (1.10.92)-200 (-129) 6.5-5.7 (1.11.0) 5.74.8 (
47、1.00.85) 4.84.0 (0.850.70)-100 (-73) 5.14.5 (0.900.79) 4.53.8 (0.790.67) 3.8-3.3 (0.670.58)0 (-18) 4.23.7 (0.740.65) 3.73.2 (0.650.56) 3.22.8 (0.560.49)40 (4) 3.9-3.5 (0.690.62) 3.5-3.0 (0.620.53) 3.02.6 (0.530.46)75 (24) 3.73.3 (0.650.58) 3.32.8 (0.580.49) 2.82.5 (0.490.44)100 (38) 3.63.2 (0.630.56
48、) 3.22.8 (0.560.49) 2.82.4 (0.490.42)High Temperature Applications3 (48) 8 (128) 11 (176)200 (93) 2.5 (0.44) 3.0 (0.53) 2.3 (0.41)300 (149) 1.9 (0.33) 2.5 (0.44) 2.0 (0.35)400 (204) 1.6 (0.28) 2.1 ( 0.37) 1.8 (0.32)500 (260) 1.3 (0.23) 1.9 (0.33) 1.5 (0.26)600 (316) 1.1 (0.19) 1.6 (0.28) 1.3 (0.23)7
49、00 (371) 0.96 (0.17) 1.4 (0.25) 1.2 (0.21)800 (427) 0.84 (0.15) 1.2 (0.21) 1.0 (0.18)1000 (538) 0.65 (0.11) 0.96 (0.17) 0.81 (0.14)1200 (649) 0.52 (0.092) 0.76 (0.13) 0.63 (0.11)1400 (760) 0.42 (0.074) 0.60 (0.11) 0.49 (0.086)Alb/ft3(kg/m3)C549 18312.2 Installation:12.2.1 Pour the insulating material into the spaces andcavities to be insulated in a manner that minimizes free-fall andimpact. This will minimize crushing and breakdown of insu-lation particles and unnecessary formation of
