1、Designation: C1695 18aStandard Specification forFabrication of Flexible Removable and Reusable BlanketInsulation for Hot Service1This standard is issued under the fixed designation C1695; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revis
2、ion, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This specification covers the minimum requirements formaterials and fabrication of flexible removable
3、 and reusableblanket insulation for hot service, from above ambient tem-peratures to 1000F (538C).1.2 This specification separately addresses both outdoor andindoor applications.1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regardedas standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematicalc
4、onversions to SI units that are provided for information onlyand are not considered standard.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety, health, and en
5、vironmental practices and deter-mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.5 This international standard was developed in accor-dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-ization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Stan
6、dards, Guides and Recom-mendations issued by the World Trade Organization TechnicalBarriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2C168 Terminology Relating to Thermal InsulationC553 Specification for Mineral Fiber Blanket Thermal Insu-lation for Commercial and Industria
7、l ApplicationsC892 Specification for High-Temperature Fiber BlanketThermal InsulationC1086 Specification for Glass Fiber Mechanically BondedFelt Thermal InsulationC1129 Practice for Estimation of Heat Savings by AddingThermal Insulation to Bare Valves and FlangesC1263 Test Method for Thermal Integri
8、ty of Flexible WaterVapor RetardersC1676 Specification for Microporous Thermal InsulationC1728 Specification for Flexible Aerogel InsulationD3389 Test Method for Coated Fabrics Abrasion Resistance(Rotary Platform Abrader)D3776/D3776M Test Methods for Mass Per Unit Area(Weight) of FabricD3786/D3786M
9、Test Method for Bursting Strength of Tex-tile FabricsDiaphragm Bursting Strength Tester MethodD5034 Test Method for Breaking Strength and Elongation ofTextile Fabrics (Grab Test)D5035 Test Method for Breaking Force and Elongation ofTextile Fabrics (Strip Method)D5189 Test Method for Temperature Corr
10、esponding ToVapor-Liquid Ratio Of 20 For Gasoline And Gasoline-Oxgenate Blends (Bomb Method) (Withdrawn 1993)3D5587 Test Method for Tearing Strength of Fabrics byTrapezoid ProcedureD6413/D6413M Test Method for Flame Resistance of Tex-tiles (Vertical Test)2.2 Other Standards:MIL-C-20079H Military Spe
11、cification Cloth, Glass; Tape,Textile Glass and Thread, Glass and Wire ReinforcedGlass43. Terminology3.1 GeneralDefinitions included in Terminology C168shall apply to the terms used in this specification.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 coated fabric, nAwoven fabric coated wi
12、th a rubberor plastic compound such that the woven fabric material itselfis not exposed to the environment.3.2.2 D-ring, na section of heavy wire which forms acomplete loop in either a rectangular shape or the shape of the1This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C16 onThermal
13、Insulation and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C16.40 onInsulation Systems.Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2018. Published November 2018. Originallyapproved in 2009. Last previous edition approved in 2018 as C1695 18. DOI:10.1520/C1695-18A.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM
14、 website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced onwww.astm.org.4Available from DLA Doc
15、ument Services, Building 4/D, 700 Robbins Ave.,Philadelphia, PA 19111-5094, http:/quicksearch.dla.mil.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United StatesThis international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recogniz
16、ed principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.1capital letter “D”, that is used in removable insulation blanketsfo
17、r attaching a fabric strap that secures the blanket around apipe component or piece of equipment.3.2.3 hook and loop fastener, na woven molded fabricmaterial that has small hooks on one part and small loops onthe other such that, when pressed together, they adhere to oneanother and further, requirin
18、g a significant force to separate onanother.3.2.4 lacing anchor, na metal disk, located on the outsideof an insulation blanket, that is secured to a pin that passesthrough the blanket; the assembly is used to wrap tire wirearound so as to secure an insulation blanket around a pipecomponent or piece
19、of equipment.3.2.5 lacing hook, na metal hook that is located on theoutside surface of an insulation blanket and that is securedthrough the blanket; tie wire is wrapped around it so as tosecure an insulation blanket around a pipe component or pieceof equipment.3.2.6 removable and reusable blanket in
20、sulation, nAninsulation blanket, encased in woven fabric and/or woven wiremesh, that has attachment mechanisms designed to allow theassembly to be installed, then later removed and reinstalled,without using any new insulation or fabric materials.4. Materials4.1 Insulation shall be of a flexible fibr
21、ous material accept-able for the maximum temperature of the application. Accept-able materials must be one of the following:4.1.1 High Temperature Fiber Blanket per SpecificationC892, any Type or Grade.4.1.2 Needled Glass Fiber Mechanically Bonded Felt perSpecification C1086.4.1.3 Mineral Fiber Blan
22、ket, per Specification C553,oftheType suitable for the application.4.1.4 Microporous Thermal Insulation, per SpecificationC1676, of the Type and Grade suitable for the application.4.1.5 Flexible Aerogel Insulation, per Specification C1728,of the Type, Grade, and Category suitable for the application
23、.4.2 Material for the outer jacket liner and straps, whereused, shall be woven glass fiber cloth that has been treated witha water resistant compound, such as silicone or fluorocarbon,that is suitable for both interior and exterior use, and having theproperties as shown in Table 1.4.3 Material for t
24、he inner jacket shall be the same as for theouter jacket for surface temperatures less than 500F(260FC).4.3.1 For surfaces from 501F (261C) to 1000F (538C)where leaks of process fluids are not expected, the inner layerand gussets shall be one of the following:4.3.1.1 a plain, heat cleaned, glass fib
25、er fabric,4.3.1.2 a Type 304 stainless steel wire knitted mesh madefrom 0.008 in. (0.20 mm) diameter wire with nominal 6 to 8openings per in.4.3.2 For surfaces from 501F (261C) to 1000F (538C)where leaks of process fluids are expected, such as flange pairsand valves, the inner layer and gussets shal
26、l be as specified in4.3.1 and 4.3.1.1 above but also with Type 304 stainless steelfoil that has a minimum thickness of 0.001 in. (0.025 mm).This foil shall be placed between the insulation material andthe outer fabric or wire mesh.4.4 All hardware such as D-rings, buckles, tags, quiltingpins, lacing
27、 hooks and insulation anchors, etc. shall be made ofType 304 stainless steel. Where lacing hooks and lacinganchors are used, they shall be 12 or 14 Gauge.4.5 Tie-Down Straps:4.5.1 Outdoor ApplicationsThese tie-down straps shall beconstructed of one of the following three types of material: (1)TABLE
28、1 Physical and Performance Requirements for FabricsPlain, heat cleanedglass fiber fabricAGlass fiber fabriccoated with Silicone, forexterior applicationsGlass fiber fabriccoated with Silicone,for interior applications onlyFiber fabric coatedwith FluorocarbonWeight (minimum)oz/sq. yd (g/m2)per Test M
29、ethods D3776/D3776M17.7 (602) 16.5 (561) 13.5 (455) 15 (510)Breaking Strengthlb/inch (kg/cm) perTest Methods D5034or D5035Warp 200 (35.7)Fill 100 (17.9)Warp 225 (40.19)Fill 175 (31.26)Warp 125 (22.4)Fill 100 (17.9)Warp 225 (40.19)Fill 175 (31.26)Tear Strength lb (kg)per Test Method D5587SeeAWarp 40
30、(18.14)Fill 25 (11.33)Warp 30 (13.6)Fill 20 (9.1)Warp 40 (18.14)Fill 25 (11.33)Burst Strength psi (kg/cm2)per Test Method D3786/D3786MNot Applicable 200 (14) 150 (9.77) 200 (14)Abrasion Resistanceper Test Method D3389SeeACS-10 Wheel, 500 g loads500 revs, 15 % weight lossmaxCS-10 Wheel, 500 g loads50
31、0 revs, 15 % weight lossmaxCS-10 Wheel, 500 g loads500 revs, 15 % weight loss maxColor beige Gray Optional GrayTemperature Resistance F (C)per Test Method C12631000F (538C) 500F (260C) 500F (260C) 600F (315C)Flame ResistanceTest Method D6413/D6413MSeeAChar Length 1 in. max.(25.4 cm)Afterglow 3 secon
32、ds max.Flame out 1 second max.Char Length 1 in. max.(25.4 cm)Afterglow 3 seconds max.Flame out 1 second max.Char Length 1 in. max.(25.4 cm)Afterglow 3 seconds max.Flame out 1 second max.AMeets MIL-C-20079H, Type 1, Class 9.C1695 18a2the same material as the outer jacket, (2) a woven glass fiberfabri
33、c, or (3) a tape of suitable thickness with the same coatingas the outer jacket material. If the same material as the outerjacket is used, then a double thickness is required with an edgetrim sewn in place along both edges.4.5.2 Indoor Applications OnlyThese tie-down strapsshall be constructed eithe
34、r of the same materials as for OutdoorApplications, specified in 4.5.1, or of a hook and loop fastenermaterial with a maximum use temperature of 220F (104C).Minimum width of the hook and loop fastener material shall be0.75 in. (19 mm). Refer to Table 2 for physical and perfor-mance requirements for
35、hook and loop fasteners.4.6 Drawstrings shall be suitable for the temperatures ex-posed to it. Suitable drawstrings include:4.6.1 Polyester cord,316 in. (5 mm) outside diameter, withfiberglass inner core. Drawstring shall be suitable to 450F(232C) service temperatures.4.6.2 One hundred percent (100
36、%) textured glass fibersleeving with plain weave,38 in. inside diameter and 0.03 in.wall thickness. Drawstrings shall be suitable for 1000F(538C) services.4.6.3 Knitted stainless steel rope,18 in. (3.2 mm) outsidediameter, suitable for 1000F (538C) service.4.7 PTFE-coated glass fiber thread shall be
37、 used for servicetemperatures to 500F (260C). Glass fiber thread shall be0.021 in. (0.53 mm) diameter, minimum 20 lb (9 kg) breakingstrength.4.8 Stainless steel thread shall be used for service tempera-tures above 500F (260C). Thread shall be minimum 0.015 in.(0.38 mm) diameter and minimum 18 lb (8.
38、16 kg) breakingstrength.5. Design and Fabrication5.1 Insulated items shall be pre-measured to assure a tightfit. Allowances shall be made for valve bonnet height, glandopenings, protrusions, etc. so as to effectively insulate yetallow future removal and reinstallation. Maximum gap sizeshall be14 in.
39、 (6 mm).5.2 Fabricate blankets to allow easy access to valve packingglands and flange bolts without having to completely removethe blanket. All valve blankets shall be designed to permit fullfunction of the valves and not to obscure the valves positionindicator, where applicable.5.3 For applications
40、 where leaks are expected, any leakfrom the packing gland or flanges must be channeled out of theblanket to prevent soaking the insulation.5.4 Force-folding or bending of blankets is not allowed.5.5 Blankets shall be designed to overlap the adjacent lineinsulation by a distance equal to the thicknes
41、s of the blanketbut never less than 2 in. (50 mm). Where the adjacent piping orinsulation circumference is equal to or more than 9 in. (229mm) smaller than the inside circumference of the blanket, aninsulated reducing endcap shall be used to close over theadjacent piping or insulation. The reducing
42、endcaps shall be ofthe same construction as the blanket.5.6 Blankets shall be fabricated with parting faces at theblanket low point to facilitate drainage, if possible. Otherwise,a drainage grommet shall be installed at the blanket low point.5.7 Any single blanket or blanket piece shall not exceed 4
43、5lb (20.4 kg).6. Construction6.1 Outdoor Applications:6.1.1 All fabric seams shall be either sewn or held togetherwith 16 gauge type 304 stainless steel hog ring staples on amaximum of 1 in. (25 mm) centers. Machine stitching shall beused wherever practical. Hand stitching shall be used whenmachine
44、sticking is impractical. All seams shall be double orsingle stitched with a minimum of 6 stitches per 1 in. (25 mm).For single stitching, the seams shall be back-stitched at theends for reinforcement. When double straight stitched eachrow shall be parallel and spaced a minimum of18 in. (3.2 mm)to a
45、maximum of12 in. (12.7 mm) apart.6.1.2 All blanket seams shall be turned in or under and sewnto prevent any raw edges from being exposed on any surface.6.1.3 Gusset-type (straight sides) construction shall be uti-lized for all blanket thicknesses greater than 1.5 in. (38 mm).6.1.4 Fabric seams shall
46、 be inside seams, except that it ispossible that the final closing seam is an outside seam.6.1.5 Secure insulation within the jacketing with quiltingpins, lacing hooks, or insulation anchors to prevent insulationfrom settling within the cover. These supports shall penetratethe cold face jacketing, t
47、he insulation core, and the hot facejacketing.6.2 Indoor Applications only:6.2.1 All fabric seams shall be as specified for OutdoorApplications in 6.1.1.6.2.2 Gusset-type (straight sides) construction shall be uti-lized for all blanket thicknesses greater than 2 in. (50 mm).Secure insulation within
48、the jacketing as for the OutdoorApplications or with sewn seams passing through the blanketmaterial on both the hot and cold side.7. Tie-Down/Anchor Strap Construction7.1 Outdoor Applications:7.1.1 The terminal ends of splits in blankets shall utilizeflaps or drawcord/flaps to seal the blankets from
49、 wind andwater. For service temperatures from 501 to 1000F (261 to538C), the inside of flaps exposed to the heat leak from hotTABLE 2 Physical and Performance Requirements for Hook and Loop Fastener (for interior use only)PropertyMinimum material width 0.75 in. (18 mm)Minimum Shear Strength, New (per Test Method D5189) 8 psi (55 kPa)Minimum Shear Strength, after 2000 cycles (per Test Method D5189) 7 psi (48 kPa)Minimum breaking strength (per Test Method D5035) 150 lb/in. width (173 kg/cm)C1695 18a3surface shall include the add
