1、Designation: B846 11aB846 19Standard Terminology forCopper and Copper Alloys1This standard is issued under the fixed designation B846; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parenthes
2、es indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope*1.1 The terms defined in this terminology standard are applicable to copper and copper alloy products specifications, testmethods, practices, and other docum
3、ents within the jurisdiction of Committee B05 on Copper and Copper Alloys.1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematicalconversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.1.3 This
4、international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardizationestablished in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issuedby the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT)
5、 Committee.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2B153 Test Method for Expansion (Pin Test) of Copper and Copper-Alloy Pipe and TubingB170 Specification for Oxygen-Free Electrolytic CopperRefinery ShapesB379 Specification for Phosphorized CoppersRefinery ShapesE8E8/E8M Test Methods for Tension T
6、esting of Metallic Materials Metric E0008_E0008ME10 Test Method for Brinell Hardness of Metallic MaterialsE18 Test Methods for Rockwell Hardness of Metallic MaterialsE23 Test Methods for Notched Bar Impact Testing of Metallic MaterialsE112 Test Methods for Determining Average Grain Size3. Significan
7、ce and Use3.1 This terminology is not intended to apply to any standard, test method, practice, or other document not within thejurisdiction of Committee B05 on Copper and Copper Alloys.4. Terminologyacid dipsee dip solution.acid dipped-dry rolled finishsee finish, acid dipped-dry rolled.Admiraltyan
8、 alloy containing nominally 71 % copper: 1 % tin and 28 % zinc, originally developed by the BritishAdmiralty andgenerally available in tube, flat products, and wire. Its principal use is in heat exchanger and condenser tubes. An inhibitor maybe added to increase the resistance to dezincification.Adm
9、iralty, inhibited (arsenical, antimonial or phosphorized)admiralty modified by the addition of small amounts of arsenic,antimony or phosphorus to inhibit dezincification. (Copper Alloy Nos. C44300, C44400, C44500)air stainsee stain, air.alphathe name of a phase or of a certain range of copper alloys
10、 which contain one or more alloying elements dissolved in copper,the phase being a homogeneous solid solution.1 This terminology is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee B05 on Copper and Copper Alloys and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee B05.93 onTerminology.Current edition approved
11、June 1, 2011Jan. 1, 2019. Published July 2011February 2019. Originally approved in 1993. Last previous edition approved in 2011 asB846 11.B84611a. DOI: 10.1520/B0846-11A.10.1520/B084619.2 For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at serviceast
12、m.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standardsvolume information, refer to the standardsstandards Document Summary page on the ASTM website.This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous versio
13、n. Becauseit may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current versionof the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.*A Summary of Changes sectio
14、n appears at the end of this standardCopyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States1alpha beta brassa series of copper-zinc alloys containing approximately 55 to 63 % copper and the remainder mostly, if notall, zinc and composed of c
15、rystals or grains of both the alpha and the beta phases.aluminum brassa copper alloy containing nominally 77.5 % copper, 2 % aluminum and 20.5 % zinc with an arsenical inhibitor,available in tube form. Its principal use is in heat exchanger and condenser tubes. (Copper Alloy No. C68700)aluminum bron
16、zecopper alloys with aluminum as the principal alloying element, normally in the range of 3 to 11 % with orwithout the additions of other elements. (Copper Alloy Nos. C60800 64699 incl.)anneal (annealing)a thermal treatment to change the properties or grain structure of the product. When applied to
17、a cold-workedproduct having a single phase: to produce softening by recrystallization or recrystallization and grain growth, with theaccompanying changes in properties. When applied to a product having two or more phases: to produce softening by changesin the phase relationship that may include recr
18、ystallization and grain growth.annealability of copper rodthe ease with which a material will soften after cold work and subsequent thermal treatments; thisproperty is affected primarily by the purity of the metal since all other variables are kept constant.annular ringsee circular ring.antimicrobia
19、l copper alloya solid wrought or cast copper alloy that is listed under one of the following U.S. EnvironmentalProtection Agency (EPA) registration numbers: 82012-1, 82012-2, 82012-3, 82012-4, 82012-5, or 82012-6, or is otherwiseidentified by a Unified Numbering System copper alloy code in an active
20、 EPA public health registration.arbora cylindrical core around which metal is wound to obtain a desired inside diameter of the wound coil or roll.arc weldinga group of welding processes wherein coalescence is produced by heating with an arc or arcs, with or without theapplication of pressure, and wi
21、th or without the use of filler metal.architectural bronzean alloy containing nominally 57 % copper, 3 % lead, and 40 % zinc, generally available in extruded ordrawn shapes and rod; used for architectural trim and for some mechanical applications. The alloy is not technically a bronze,but because of
22、 long usage, the term “Architectural Bronze” has been used. (Copper Alloy No. C38500)area reductionthe decrease in cross-section of a product by rolling or drawing, which is a measure of the temper of the metalin the cold worked condition.argentiferous coppersee silver bearing copper.arsenical tough
23、 pitch coppera modified tough pitch copper containing substantial amounts of arsenic regardless of origin ortreatment.as-welded conditiona condition created as a result of forming annealed sheet or plate into tubular form and welding withoutsubsequent heat treatment or cold work.average diameterthe
24、average of the maximum and minimum measured diameters at any one cross-section. This definition isthe same for Average Outside Diameter or Average Inside Diameter, as long as the calculation is made with I.D. only or O.D.only measurements but not mixed (see Fig. 1).average diameter (for round tubes
25、only)the average of the maximum and minimum outside diameters or the maximum andminimum inside diameters, whichever is applicable, as determined at any one cross section of the tube.bara solid rectangular section, or one with two plane parallel surfaces and round or other simple regularly shaped edg
26、es, up toand including 12 in. (300 mm) in width and over 0.188 in. (5 mm) in thickness, furnished in straight lengths or in rolls and withfinished edges, either rolled, drawn, or extruded.bar, bus stockhigh-conductivity copper bar stock of any dimension intended for use as an electrical conductor.ba
27、r, casta flat casting for rolling into sheet and strip, or round casting for rolling and drawing into wire.FIG. 1 Average DiameterB846 192bar, cold-rolledsee cold-rolled bar.bar, commutator segment stocka bar for use in making commutators of electric motors and generators, the cross-section of theba
28、r being a trapezoid or truncated sector or segment of a circle.bar, drawnsee drawn bar.bar, extrudedsee extruded bar.bar, hot-rolledsee hot-rolled bar.barrel rollinga method of polishing small parts in which the parts and a polishing medium are placed in a barrel, the polishingaction resulting from
29、the revolving of the barrel.base metalthe sheet or plate from which the pipe is formed.bend testsee test, bend.beryllium coppersee copper-beryllium alloy.billetrefinery shape used for piercing or extrusion into tubular products or for extrusion into rods, bars, and shapes. Circular incross section,
30、usually 3 to 16 in. (76 to 406 mm) in diameter, normally ranging in weight from 100 to 4200 lb (45 to 1905 kg).bimetal tubesee tube, bimetal.blanka piece of flat product intended for subsequent fabrication by forming, bending, cupping, drawing, hot pressing, and soforth.blankingthe process of cuttin
31、g metal blanks by a die and punch set in a press, or by sawing or shearing.Bourdon gauge tubesee tube, Bourdon gauge.brassany copper alloy with zinc as the principal alloying element, with or without small quantities of some other elements.brazed tubesee tube, brazed.brazing filler materialwire, rod
32、, strip, or powder that is manufactured to special chemical composition for use in joining metalsby brazing.bridge platea low-friction plate of a copper alloy used to provide a bearing surface for the expansion end of trussed bridgestructures.bright annealed finishsee finish, bright annealed.bright
33、dipsee dip, bright.bright dipped finishsee finish, bright dipped.bright rolled finishsee finish, dry rolled.Brinell hardness testsee test, Brinell hardness.brush brass finishsee finish, brush brass.bucklealternate bulges and hollows recurring along the length of a flat product with the edges remaini
34、ng relatively flat.buckle (centre bulge or oil can)alternate bulges and hollows recurring along the length of a strip with the edges remainingrelatively flat.buffed surface finishsee finish, buffed surface.bulgingthe expanding of a portion of the body of a drawn shell below the top or neck.bull ring
35、 rodcopper rod manufactured to special surface requirements and furnished in coils for redrawing or rerolling.bull rodsee redraw rod.bursting pressurethe internal pressure required to burst tubes or other hollow products.bus barincludes material of solid rectangular or square cross section or a soli
36、d section with two plane parallel surfaces and roundor other simple regular-shaped edges.bus conductor stocka bar, rod, shape or tube of high conductivity copper used for the manufacture of bus conductor or bus bar.B846 193bus stock barsee bar, bus stock.butt seam tubesee tube, open seam.cakerefiner
37、y shape used for rolling into plate, sheet, strip, or shape. Rectangular in cross section and of various sizes, normallyranging in weight from 140 to 62 000 lb (63 to 28 123 kg).cambersee edgewise curvature.capable ofthe test need not be performed by the producer of the material. However, if subsequ
38、ent testing by the purchaserestablishes that the material does not meet the specified requirements, the material shall be subject to rejection.capacitor plate stockstrip manufactured to special flatness and thickness tolerances for use in electrical variable capacitors.cartridge brassa copper alloy
39、containing nominally 70 % copper and 30 % zinc and generally available in flat products, rod,wire, and tube. (Copper Alloy No. C26000)cast barsee bar, cast.cast shell processa process for making seamless tube whereby the metal is cast in the form of a shell or tube and subsequentlyreduced to the fin
40、ished size by a series of suitable alternate cold drawing and annealing operations.castinga general term for a metal object produced at or near-finished shape by pouring or otherwise introducing molten metalinto a mold and allowing it to solidify.casting, centrifugala casting produced in a cylindric
41、al mold rotating on its axis with the major axis of the product coincidingwith the axis of rotation. The axis of rotation may be horizontal, vertical, or any angle in between.casting, centrifugeda casting produced in a mold, a number of which may be mounted around a central sprue. The molds arerotat
42、ed, in a vertical position, about a central axis concentric with the central sprue.casting, continuousa casting produced by the continuous pouring and solidification of molten metal through a water-cooledmold which determines the cross-sectional shape. The length of the product is not restricted by
43、mold dimensions.casting, permanent molda product produced in a reusable mold constructed of a durable material, usually iron or steel, withthe molten metal being introduced by gravity, low-pressure, or vacuum.casting, sanda casting produced in a sand mold.casting, semicentrifugala casting produced i
44、n a manner similar to the centrifugal casting except that a central core is used toallow the formation of other than a cylindrical inside surface. The axis of rotation is always vertical.cathodeunmelted, electrodeposited, and somewhat rough flat plate normally used for melting. The customary size is
45、 about 3 ft(0.914 m) square, about 12 to 78 in. (12.7 to 22.2 mm) thick, weighing up to about 300 lb (136 kg) and may have hanging loopsattached. Cathodes may also be cut to smaller dimensions.cavitation corrosionsee corrosion, cavitation.chemically refined coppercopper recovered from an aqueous sol
46、ution by other than electrolytic means. Usually when this termis used alone it refers to chemically refined tough pitch copper. This designation applies to the following: (a) copper cast inrefinery shapes suitable for hot or cold working, or both, and by extension, to fabricators products made there
47、from, (b) ingotsor ingot bars suitable for remelting.circlea completely round, commercially flat, solid blank made from a rolled product.circular ringa completely round, commercial flat blank lacking the central concentric area.cladding ratioratio by percent thickness of the component layers, for ex
48、ample.clean annealed finishsee finish, clean annealed.clock brassa term sometimes used to designate high-leaded brass. (Copper Alloy No. C34200)close nipplea nipple with no shoulder or unthreaded portion between two threads; the shortest possible pipe nipple withcomplete threads.coalesced coppera co
49、mmercially pure oxygen-free copper formed in a protective atmosphere at elevated temperature but belowits melting point by application of mechanical pressure to particles of electrolytic cathode copper. (Copper No. C10200)coila length of the product wound into a series of connected turns. The unqualified term “coil” as applied to tube usually refersto a bunched coil.B846 194coil, buncheda coil in which the turns are bunched and held together such that the cross section of the bunch
