1、Designation: B417 13B417 18Standard Test Method forApparent Density of Non-Free-Flowing Metal Powders Usingthe Carney Funnel1This standard is issued under the fixed designation B417; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision,
2、the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope*1.1 This test method covers a procedure for determining the apparent density of non-free-flowing metal powder
3、s. It is designedfor those metal powders that do not freely flow through the Hall flowmeter funnel.1.2 With the exception of the values for density and the mass used to determine density, for which the use of the gram per cubiccentimeter (g/cm3) and gram (g) units is the longstandinglong-standing in
4、dustry practice, the values in inch-pound units are to beregarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for informationonly, and are not considered standard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if
5、any, associated with its use. It is the responsibilityof the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety safety, health, and healthenvironmental practices and determine theapplicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with
6、internationally recognized principles on standardizationestablished in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issuedby the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2B2
7、15 Practices for Sampling Metal PowdersB243 Terminology of Powder MetallurgyB873 Test Method for Measuring Volume of Apparent Density Cup Used in Test Methods B212, B329, and B4173. Terminology3.1 DefinitionsTerms in Terminology B243 are applicable to this test method.4. Summary of Test Method4.1 A
8、volume of powder is permitted to flow into a container of definite volume under controlled conditions. The mass ofpowder per unit volume is determined and reported as apparent density, Carney (ADC).5. Significance and Use5.1 This test method provides a guide for evaluation of an important physical c
9、haracteristic of a powder known as the apparentdensity. The measured apparent density bears a relationship to the mass of powder that will fill a fixed volume die cavity. Thedegree of correlation between the results of this test and the performance of powders during use may vary with each particular
10、application. Note, however, that the presence of moisture, oils, stearic acid, stearates, waxes, and the temperature of the powdermass may alter the physical characteristics of the powder.1 This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee B09 on Metal Powders and Metal Powder Productsand
11、is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee B09.02on Base Metal Powders.Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2013Oct. 1, 2018. Published September 2013November 2018. Originally approved in 1964. Last previous edition approved in 20112013as B417 11.B417 13. DOI: 10.1520/B0417-13. 10.1520/B0417-18.2 For
12、referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standardsvolume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page on the ASTM website.This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provi
13、de the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Becauseit may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current versionof the s
14、tandard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standardCopyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States16. Apparatus6.1 Powder Flowmeter3A Carney Flowmete
15、r (Fig. 1).6.2 Density Cup3A cylindrical brass cup (Fig. 2) having a capacity of 25 cm25 cm3. The actual cup volume shall bedetermined according to Test Method B873. If the measured volume of the cup is outside the tolerance in Fig. 2 (25 6 0.03cm0.03 cm3) the cup shall not be used.6.3 StandAstand (
16、Fig. 1) to support the powder funnel concentric with the density cup so that the bottom of the powder funnelis approximately 25 mm (1 in.) above the top of the density cup when the apparatus is assembled as shown in Fig. 1.6.4 WorkbenchA level, vibration-free table or workbench to support the powder
17、 flowmeter stand.6.5 Balance, readable to 0.001 g, with a minimum capacity of 200 g capable of determining the mass to the nearest 0.01 g.6.6 Wire, approximately 2.5 mm (0.10 in.) in diameter by 150 mm (6 in.) in length.6.7 Spatula or straight edgeAnon-magnetic spatula or straight edge of suitable d
18、imensions for leveling off the excess powderon top of the density cup.7. Test Specimen7.1 The test portion shall consist of a volume of approximately 30 to 40 cm3 of metal powder obtained in accordance withPractices B215.7.2 The test portion shall be tested as sampled. Note, however, that temperatur
19、e, moisture, oils, stearic acid, stearates, waxes,and so forth may alter the characteristics of the powder.8. Procedure8.1 Weigh the empty density cup and record the mass to the nearest 0.01 g or, alternatively, 0.001 g. Alternatively, place theempty density cup on the balance and tare the balance t
20、o zero.8.2 Load the test specimen carefully into the flowmeter funnel and permit it to run into the density cup through the dischargeorifice. If necessary, it may be agitated or pushed by use of the length of wire but take care to prevent the wire from entering thedensity cup. The density cup should
21、 not be moved during the filling operation.8.3 When the powder completely fills and overflows the periphery of the density cup, rotate the funnel approximately 90 ina horizontal plane so that the remaining powder falls away from the cup.3 The sole source of supply of the flowmeter funnel, density cu
22、p, and stand known to the committee at this time is ACu Powder International, LLC. If you are aware ofalternative suppliers, please provide this information to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of the responsibletechnical committee,1 which
23、 you may attend.FIG. 1 Carney Flowmeter Funnel and StandB417 1828.4 Using a nonmagnetic spatula, or straight edge, with the blade held perpendicular to the top of the cup, level off the powderflush with the top of the density cup. Take care to avoid jarring the apparatus at any time.8.5 After the le
24、veling operation, tap the density cup lightly on the side to settle the powder to avoid spilling in transfer.8.6 Transfer the filled density cup to the balance and weigh to the nearest 0.01 g to determine the mass (M) of powder. Recordthe mass to the nearest 0.001 g.8.7 More than one apparent densit
25、y test may be run if desired. Use a fresh test portion of powder for each test. Average theapparent density values.9. Calculation9.1 Calculate the apparent density as follows:Apparent density ADc,g/cm35M/V (1)where:M = mass of powder in the density cup in grams andV = volume of the density cup in cu
26、bic centimetres.10. Report10.1 Report the results as apparent density, Carney (ADc), to the nearest 0.01 g/cm3.11. Precision and Bias11.1 PrecisionThe precision of this test method has not been determined by a statistically valid interlaboratory test. Resultsobtained by eight laboratories testing a
27、sample of tin powder suggest the following:11.1.1 Repeatability r = 1 % (tin powder)Duplicate analysis of a tin powder by the same operator and same apparatus shouldnot differ by more than 1 % at the 95 % confidence level.11.1.2 Reproducibility R = 4 % (tin powder)The difference between two single a
28、nd independent results obtained by differentoperators working in different laboratories on tin powder should not differ by more than 4 % at the 95 % confidence level.11.1.3 Measurement UncertaintyMeasurement Uncertainty The precision of Test Method B417 shall be considered by thoseperforming the tes
29、t when reporting Carney apparent density test results.11.2 BiasNo information can be presented on the bias of the procedures in Test Methods B417 for measuring the Carneyapparent density because no material having an accepted reference value is available.12. Keywords12.1 apparent density; Carney; fl
30、owmeter funnel; metal powdersFIG. 2 Density Cup (25 6 0.03 cm0.03 cm3)B417 183SUMMARY OF CHANGESCommittee B09 has identified the location of selected changes to this standard since the last issue(B417 11B417 13) that may impact the use of this standard.(1) A statement has been added to Section“Capab
31、le of determining the mass to the 6.2 to indicate that if the measuredvolumenearest 0.01 g” has been deleted from subsection 6.5of the cup is outside the tolerance in .Fig. 2, the cup shall not be used.(2) The dimension of the straight portion of the orifice has been changed“To the nearest 0.01 g” h
32、as been deleted in Fig.1.subsections 8.1 and 8.6 so that the masses are measured to 0.001 g and only rounded to the nearest 0.01 g/cm after the calculationin subsection 9.1 has been performed.(3) Subsections 8.1 and 8.6 now include the statement that the mass shall be recorded to the nearest 0.001 g
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