1、Designation: A381/A381M 18Standard Specification forMetal-Arc-Welded Carbon or High-Strength Low-Alloy SteelPipe for Use With High-Pressure Transmission Systems1This standard is issued under the fixed designation A381/A381M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the yearof origi
2、nal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A superscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope*1.1 This specification covers straight seam, double-submerged-arc-w
3、elded carbon or high-strength low-alloy steelpipe (Note 1) suitable for high-pressure service, 16 in. 400mm and larger in outside diameter, with wall thicknesses from516 to 112 in. 8 to 40 mm. The pipe is intended for fabricationof fittings and accessories for compressor or pump-stationpiping. Pipe
4、ordered to this specification shall be suitable forbending, flanging, corrugating, and similar operations.NOTE 1A comprehensive listing of standardized pipe dimensions iscontained in ANSI B36.10.NOTE 2The term “double welded” is commonly used in the gas andoil transmission industry, for which this p
5、ipe is primarily intended, toindicate welding with at least two weld passes, of which one is on theoutside of the pipe and one on the inside. For some sizes of the pipecovered by this specification, it becomes expedient to use manual welding,in which case the provisions of Note 3 shall be followed.1
6、.2 This specification is expressed in both inch-pound unitsand in SI units; however, unless the purchase order or contractspecifies the applicable M specification designation (SI units),the applicable inch-pound units shall apply. The values statedin either inch-pound units or SI units are to be reg
7、ardedseparately as standard. Within the text, the SI units are shownin brackets. The values stated in each system may not be exactequivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independentlyof the other. Combining values from the two systems mayresult in nonconformance with the standard.1.3 Eleve
8、n classes of pipe, based on minimum yield pointrequirements, are covered as indicated in Table 1.1.4 This specification identifies various thermal treatments(3.1.9, 5.5, and 5.6).1.5 The following caveat applies to the test methodsportion, Sections 9, 10, and 11, only. This standard does notpurport
9、to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associatedwith its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standardto establish appropriate safety, health, and environmentalpractices and determine the applicability of regulatory limita-tions prior to use.1.6 This international standard was
10、developed in accor-dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-ization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards, Guides and Recom-mendations issued by the World Trade Organization TechnicalBarriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.2. Referenced
11、 Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2A370 Test Methods and Definitions for Mechanical Testingof Steel ProductsA530/A530M Specification for General Requirements forSpecialized Carbon and Alloy Steel PipeA751 Test Methods, Practices, and Terminology for Chemi-cal Analysis of Steel ProductsA1058 Test Methods
12、for Mechanical Testing of SteelProductsMetric2.2 ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code:3Section VIIISection IX2.3 ASME Standard:4ASME B36.10 Welded and Seamless Wrought Steel Pipe3. Ordering Information3.1 Orders for metal-arc-welded steel pipe to this specifica-tion should include the following, as
13、required, to describe thedesired material adequately:3.1.1 Quantity (feet, centimetres, or number of lengths),3.1.2 Name of material (metal-arc welded pipe),3.1.3 Class (Table 1),1This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee A01 on Steel,Stainless Steel and Related Alloys and is th
14、e direct responsibility of SubcommitteeA01.09 on Carbon Steel Tubular Products.Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2018. Published December 2018. Originallyapproved in 1954. Last previous edition approved in 2012 as A381 96 (2012).DOI: 10.1520/A0381_A0381M-18.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the A
15、STM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Available from American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 345 E. 47th St.,New York, NY 10017.4Available
16、from American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME), ASMEInternational Headquarters, Two Park Ave., New York, NY 10016-5990, http:/www.asme.org.*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standardCopyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19
17、428-2959. United StatesThis international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Tech
18、nical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.13.1.4 Material (carbon or high-strength low-alloy steel,Section 5),3.1.5 Size (outside diameter and wall thickness),3.1.6 Length (specific or random) (Section 13),3.1.7 Ends (Section 14),3.1.8 Heat treatment (stress-relieved, normalized, orquenched and temper
19、ed) (see 5.5 and 5.6),3.1.9 Optional requirements:3.1.9.1 Manual welding (5.2, Note 3),3.1.9.2 Hydrostatic test omission (9.3),3.1.9.3 Radiography (11.2).3.1.10 ASTM Specification designation A381 or A381Mand year date.3.1.11 Special requirements or exceptions to this specifica-tion.4. General Requi
20、rements4.1 Material furnished to this specification shall conform tothe applicable requirements of the current edition of Specifi-cation A530/A530M, unless otherwise provided herein.5. Materials and Manufacture5.1 The steel plate used in the manufacture of the pipe shallbe of suitable welding qualit
21、y carbon steel, or of suitablewelding quality high-strength, low-alloy steel, as agreed uponbetween the manufacturer and purchaser.5.2 The longitudinal edges of the plate shall be shaped togive the most satisfactory results by the particular weldingprocess employed. The plate shall be properly forme
22、d and maybe tacked preparatory to welding. The weld (except tack welds)shall be made preferably by the automatic submerged-arc-welding process (Note 3) and shall be of reasonably uniformwidth and height for the entire length of the pipe.NOTE 3By agreement between the manufacturer and the purchaser,m
23、anual welding by qualified welders using a qualified procedure may beused as an equal alternate to this specification.5.3 Both longitudinal and circumferential (if any) jointsshall be double welded, full penetration welds being made inaccordance with procedures and by welders or welding opera-tors q
24、ualified in accordance with the ASME Boiler andPressure Vessel Code, Section IX.5.4 The contour of the reinforcement shall be smooth, withno valley or groove along the edge or in the center of the weld,and the deposited metal shall be fused smoothly and uniformlyinto the plate surface. The finish of
25、 the welded joint shall bereasonably smooth and free from irregularities, grooves, ordepressions.5.5 All pipe, after welding, shall be heat treated at atemperature of 1100F 595C or higher.5.6 When specified in the purchase order, all pipe afterwelding shall be heated at 1650 to 1750F 900 to 955C and
26、air cooled or water quenched and tempered. Tempering tem-perature shall not exceed the lower transformation temperature.6. Chemical Composition6.1 The carbon steels shall conform to the requirements asto chemical composition specified in Table 2.6.2 The high-strength low-alloy steels shall be of spe
27、cifiedchemical composition in order to ensure weldability andspecified minimum tensile properties including elongation.6.3 Mill test reports, as provided by the manufacturer of theplate, shall be furnished representing the chemical analysis ofeach heat of steel from which the plates are rolled. This
28、chemical analysis shall conform to the requirements of 5.1, 6.1,or 6.2.6.4 For product analyses, Test Methods A751 shall be used.7. Tensile Requirements7.1 The tensile properties of transverse body-test specimensshall conform to the requirements prescribed in Table 1. Thetensile strength of the weld
29、-test specimens shall conform tothat specified in Table 1.7.2 Transverse body-test specimens shall be taken approxi-mately opposite the weld; transverse weld-test specimens shallbe taken with the weld at the center of the specimen. For pipewall thicknesses up to34 in. 19 mm, incl, all test specimens
30、shall be in accordance with Test Methods and Definitions A370using full-size specimens or the largest obtainable sub-sizespecimen. For pipe with wall thicknesses over34 in. 19 mm,full-size specimens shall be used in accordance with TestMethods and Definitions A370.7.3 If the tension test specimen fr
31、om any lot of pipe fails toconform to the requirements for the particular grade of pipeordered, the manufacturer may elect to make retests on twoadditional pieces from the same lot, each of which shallconform to the requirements prescribed in 10.1 and 10.2.Ifoneor both of the retests fail to conform
32、 to the requirements, themanufacturer may elect to test each of the remaining lengths ofTABLE 1 Tensile RequirementsClass Yield Strength,min, psi MPaTensile Strength,min, psi MPaElongation in 2 in.50 mm,min, %Y 35 35 000 240 60 000 415 26Y 42 42 000 290 60 000 415 25Y 46 46 000 316 63 000 435 23Y 48
33、 48 000 330 62 000 430 21Y 50 50 000 345 64 000 440 21Y 52 52 000 360 66 000 455 20Y 56 56 000 385 71 000 490 20Y 60 60 000 415 75 000 515 20Y 65 65 000 450 77 000 535 20Y 70 70 000 485 82 000 565 18Y 80 80 000 550 90 000 620 16TABLE 2 Chemical Requirements for Carbon Steels on ProductAnalysisElemen
34、t Composition, %, maxLadle CheckCarbon 0.26 0.30Manganese 1.40 1.50Phosphorus 0.025 0.030Sulfur 0.025 0.025A381/A381M 182pipe in the lot. Retests are required only for the particular testwith which the pipe specimen did not comply originally.7.4 All test pieces which are flattened shall be reheat tr
35、eatedbefore machining.8. Transverse Guided-Bend Tests Weld8.1 Transverse weld test specimens shall be subject to faceand root guided-bend tests in accordance with Figure A2.13 ofTest Methods and Definitions A370, Annex A2.8.2 The bend test shall be acceptable if no cracks or otherdefects exceeding18
36、 in. 3.2 mm in any direction are presentin the weld metal or between the weld and pipe metal afterbending. Cracks which originate along the edges of thespecimen during testing, and that are less than14 in. 6.4 mm,measured in any direction, shall not be considered.9. Hydrostatic Test9.1 Each length o
37、f pipe with wall thickness of12 in. 12.7mm and less shall be tested to a hydrostatic pressure whichwill produce in the pipe wall a stress of not less than 85 % ofthe minimum specified yield point. This pressure shall bedetermined by the following equation:P 5 2St/Dwhere:P = hydrostatic test pressure
38、, psi,S = 85 % of the specified minimum yield strengthof Table 1,t = specified wall thickness, in., andD = specified outside diameter, in.9.2 Each length of pipe with a wall thickness over12 in.12.7 mm shall be tested to a hydrostatic pressure calculatedas in 9.1 except that the stress S shall be 70
39、 % of the specifiedyield point, and that a 3000-psi 20.6-MPa maximum testpressure shall apply.9.3 When specified in the order, pipe may be furnishedwithout hydrostatic testing, and each length so furnished shallinclude with the mandatory marking the letters “NH.”9.4 When certification is required by
40、 the purchaser and thehydrostatic test has been omitted, the certification shall clearlystate “Not Hydrostatically Tested,” and the specification num-ber and class, as shown on the certification, shall be followedby the letters “NH.”10. Mechanical Tests Required10.1 Transverse Body Tension TestOne t
41、est shall be madeon one length of pipe from each lot of 100 lengths or less, ofthe same wall thickness from the same heat of material andgiven the same heat treatment to determine the yield strength,tensile strength, and percent of elongation in 2 in. 50.8 mm.10.2 Transverse Weld Tension TestOne tes
42、t shall be madeon one length of pipe from each lot of 100 lengths or less, ofeach size, for tensile strength only.10.3 Transverse Guided-Bend Weld Test:10.3.1 Two weld bend test specimens as described in 8.1shall be cut from a length of pipe from each lot of 50 lengthsor less, of each size. Bend tes
43、t specimens shall be cut from pipeends which have not been repaired.10.3.2 If either test fails to conform to specifiedrequirements, the manufacturer may elect to make retests ontwo additional lengths of pipe from the same lot, each of whichshall conform to the requirements specified in 8.2. If any
44、of theretests fail to conform to the requirements, the manufacturermay elect to test each of the remaining lengths of pipe in thelot.11. Radiographic Examination11.1 The manufacturer shall employ radiography as a pro-duction control on the welding employed in the manufacture ofpipe to this specifica
45、tion.At least 5 % of the total linear footageof welding shall be subjected to radiographic examination toensure that the welding equipment is consistently producingthe required quality. The selection of the sections to be soexamined shall be at the discretion of the manufacturersinspector. The purch
46、asers inspector shall have access to theradiographic films and records of current production.11.2 When so specified on the purchase order, all weldingperformed under these specifications shall be fully radio-graphed. The procedures and requirements shall conform toParagraph UW-51 of the ASME Boiler
47、and Pressure VesselCode, Section VIII (latest edition).12. Permissible Variations in Dimensions12.1 Permissible variations in dimensions shall not exceedthe following:12.1.1 Outside Diameter60.5 % of the specified outsidediameter for the outside diameter based on circumferentialmeasurement, except t
48、hat in sizes 24 in. 610 mm and smallerthis tolerance shall be 618 in. 3.2 mm.12.1.2 Out-of-Roundness1 %, that is, the difference be-tween the major and minor outside diameter.12.1.3 ThicknessThe minimum wall thickness shall not bemore than 0.01 in. 0.25 mm under the specified thickness.Localized (is
49、olated and noncontinuous) reductions in wallthickness caused by noninjurious surface defects may bepermitted up to a depth not exceeding 612 % the specified pipewall thickness.13. Lengths13.1 Unless otherwise specified, pipe shall be furnished inapproximately 20-ft 6.1-m lengths.13.2 Where longer lengths are required, circumferentiallywelded joints shall be permitted.13.3 Shorter lengths, when required, shall be specified in theorder.14. Ends14.1 Pipe ends shall be furnished b
