1、Manual of PetroleumMeasurement StandardsChapter 11Physical Properties DataSection 4Properties of Reference MaterialsPart 1Density of Water and Water Volumetric Correction Factors for Water Calibration of Volumetric ProversFIRST EDITION, DECEMBER 2003REAFFIRMED, SEPTEMBER 2013Manual of PetroleumMeasu
2、rement StandardsChapter 11Physical Properties DataSection 4Properties of Reference MaterialsPart 1Density of Water and Water Volumetric Correction Factors for Water Calibration of Volumetric ProversMeasurement CoordinationFIRST EDITION, DECEMBER 2003REAFFIRMED, SEPTEMBER 2013SPECIAL NOTESAPI publica
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14、ublisher. Contact the Publisher, API Publishing Services, 1220 L Street, N.W., Washington, D.C. 20005.Copyright 2003 American Petroleum InstituteFOREWORDAPI publications may be used by anyone desiring to do so. Every effort has been made bythe Institute to assure the accuracy and reliability of the
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16、 with which thispublication may conict.Suggested revisions are invited and should be submitted to API, Standards department,1220 L Street, NW, Washington, DC 20005.iiiCONTENTSPage1 INTRODUCTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
17、. 12 SCOPE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 REFERENCES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 DEFINITIONS. . . . . . . . . . . .
18、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 IMPLEMENTATION PROCEDURES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15.1 Absolute Density of Water. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
19、. . . . . 15.2 Volume Correction Factors for Water . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25.3 Water Volume Correction Factors for Volumetric Provers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26 ROUNDING . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
20、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37 EXAMPLES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37.1 Prover Volume, Measure Temperature Higher Than Prover Temperature (USC Units) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
21、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37.2 Prover Volume, Measure Temperature Lower Than Prover Temperature (USC Units) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37.3 Volume of Water at 60F (USC Units) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
22、. . . . . . . 47.4 Prover Volume, Measure Temperature Higher Than Prover Temperature (SI Units) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47.5 Prover Volume, Measure Temperature Lower Than Prover Temperature (SI Units) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
23、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47.6 Volume of Water at 15C (SI Units) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4APPENDIX A REPRESENTATIVE DENSITY VALUES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5APPENDIX B REFERENCE STANDARD WATER. . . . .
24、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7APPENDIX C TANAKA VS PATTERSON EQUATION. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9APPENDIX D CORRECTION FOR DISSOLVED AIR . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11APPENDIX E CORRECTION FOR COMPRESSIBILITY. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
25、. . . . . 13Tables1 Signicant Digits. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3v1Chapter 11Physical Properties DataSection 4Properties of Reference MaterialsPart 1Density of Water and Water Volumetric Correction Factors for Water Calibrat
26、ion of Volumetric Provers1 IntroductionThis Standard species the density of water to be used inall applicable API MPMSStandards. It also species the vol-ume correction factor equation for water and demonstrates itsuse for water calibration of volumetric provers (see APIMPMSChapters 12.2.1, 12.2.3).2
27、 ScopeThis standard is applicable to all API Standards that use thedensity of water or its volume correction factors.3 ReferencesH. Wagenbreth and H. Blanke, The Density of Water inthe International System of Units and in the Interna-tional Practical Temperature Scale of 1968,Mitteilungen der Physik
28、alish-Technischen Bunde-sanstalt (PTBMitt), 412415, June 1971.G.S. Kell, Journal of Chemical Engineering Data,1967,12, 6669; ibid, 1975, 20, 97105.N. Bignell, The Effect of Dissolved Air on the Density ofWater, Metrologia,1983, 19, 5759.J.B. Patterson and E.C. Morris, Measurement of AbsoluteWater De
29、nsity, Metrologia,31, 277288, 1994.M. Tanaka, G. Girard, R. Davis, A. Peuto and N. Bignell,Recommended table for the density of waterbetween 0C and 40C based on recent experimen-tal reports, Metrologia,38, 301309, 2001.4 Definitions4.1 density, absolute:The density of a solid or liquidsubstance at a
30、 specied temperature is the mass of the sub-stance occupying a unit of volume at the specied tempera-ture. Density so dened is sometimes referred to as truedensity or as density in vacuo. When reporting density, theunits of mass and volume used and the temperature of thedetermination must be stated
31、(for example, grams per millili-ter at 15C). Density is assumed to be for water at atmo-spheric pressure unless otherwise stated.4.2 volume correction factor (VCF):The density of aliquid at temperaturetdivided by its density at a chosen ref-erence temperature. Multiplying a liquids volume mea-sured
32、at temperature tby the VCF provides the volume ofthe liquid at the chosen reference temperature. Volume Cor-rection Factors are assumed to be for water at atmosphericpressure unless otherwise stated. Certain API MPMSChap-ters call this factor CTDW.5 Implementation ProceduresThe implementation proced
33、ures below are the standard.Representative density values are presented in the AppendixA for programming verication purposes only.5.1 ABSOLUTE DENSITY OF WATERThe previous standard (API MPMS11.2.3, 1984), whichthis Standard replaces, was based on the internationallyaccepted work of Wagenbreth and Bl
34、anke, which produced adensity of 999.012 kg/m3at 60F. In 1994, Patterson andMorris published a paper proposing a new equation based ontheir laboratory data of VSMOW (see Appendix B), whichwas accepted by the NIST (National Institute of Standardsand Technology). In 2001, a review (Tanaka, et al.) pro
35、poseda new equation regressed from the data of several researchers(including that of Patterson and Morris). Although they areaware of this paper, the NIST at this writing has chosen tocontinue to accept the work of Patterson and Morris. ThisStandard is therefore based on that same work, applicablebe
36、tween 1C and 40C (see Appendix C).The following equation expresses the density of water as afunction of temperature in degrees Celsius:(1)rtCr01ADtBDt2CDt3DDt4EDt5+()=2 API MPMS, CHAPTER11PHYSICALPROPERTIESDATAwherertC= density at temperature tC in kg/m3,r0= density at temperature t0, 999.97358 kg/m
37、3(maximum density of water),Dt =t t 0,t0= 3.9818C,A = 7.0134x10-8(C)-1,B = 7.926504x10-6(C)-2,C = -7.575677x10-8(C)-3,D = 7.314894x10-10(C)-4,E = -3.596458x10-12(C)-5.The following equation expresses the density of water as afunction of temperature in degrees Fahrenheit:rtF = r0 1 (ADtF+ BDtF2+ CDtF
38、3+ DDtF4+ EDtF5) (2)whereDtF = t0These equations provide the following values:Density at 60F (15.5556C): 999.016 kg/m3Density at 15C (59F): 999.102 kg/m3Density at 20C (68F): 998.206 kg/m3The output of equation (1) and (2) is rounded to three deci-mal places for further use.5.2 VOLUME CORRECTION FAC
39、TORS FOR WATERThe volume correction factor equation for water withrespect to a chosen reference temperature is the density attemperature t (rtC) divided by the density of water at that ref-erence temperature. For 15C, it is:(3)Similarly, the volume correction factor equation for waterreferenced to 2
40、0C is:(4)The volume correction factor equation for water referencedto 60F is:(5)The output of equation (3), (4), and (5) is rounded to nomore than 6 decimal places for further use. Although VCFsare assumed to be for water at atmospheric pressure unlessotherwise stated, the VCFs for water under press
41、ure areslightly smaller. As this difference is very small, applicationof such VCFs should be contingent upon agreement of bothparties to a transaction after evaluation of the difference.5.3 WATER VOLUME CORRECTION FACTORS FOR VOLUMETRIC PROVERSFor waterdraw calibrations of volumetric provers, thepro
42、ver volume is calculated from the volume of the certiedvolumetric eld test measure using a VCF based on the densi-ties of water in the prover (deemed the reference density) andthe measure as follows: * * (6)whereVCFpt= volume correction factor, prover reference tem-perature (also called CTDW),rmt= w
43、ater density at its actual temperature in the test measure,rpt= water density at its actual temperature in the prover,Vp= prover volume (to be further corrected as indi-cated in Ch. 12.2.3),Vm= measure volume (to be further corrected as indicated in Ch. 12.2.3)The densities rmtand rptare calculated
44、from equations (1)or (2). Correction for dissolved air (see Appendix D) is notnecessary as we are dealing with a density ratio. Vp, the nalresult, is rounded to the same number of decimal places as Vm(see Examples). Correction for pressure compressibility isprovided in Appendix E.F 32()1.8-VCF15CrtC
45、999.102-=VCF20CrtC999.206-=VCF60FrtC999.016-=VCFptrmtrpt-VpVm-=VpVm= VCFptVm=rmtrpt-SECTION 4 PART 1DENSITY OF WATER AND WATER VOLUME CORRECTION FACTORS FOR CALIBRATION OF VOLUMETRIC PROVERS 36 RoundingIn many cases the number of decimal places that are to beused is inuenced by the source of the dat
46、a itself. For exam-ple, if a containers capacity table is calibrated to the nearestwhole barrel, then all subsequent barrel values should berounded accordingly. Furthermore, calculation standards suchas MPMS Chapter 12 will specify rounding for each uniqueapplication. However, in those cases where t
47、here are no otherlimiting factors, the operator should be guided by Table 1. Each calculated density shall always be rounded off in onestep to three places past the decimal and not rounded in twoor more successive steps. Water Volume Correction Factorsare rounded to six places past the decimal. When
48、 the gure tothe right of the last place to be retained is less than 5, the g-ure in the last place retained should be unchanged.7 Examples The following examples are for illustration purposes only.The relevant API MPMS chapters (4.9.2, 12.2.4, etc.) governuse and rounding for specic applications.7.1
49、 PROVER VOLUME, MEASURE TEMPERATURE HIGHER THAN PROVER TEMPERATURE (USC UNITS)Problem: During a waterdraw, the water in a prover at80.7F is transferred into a test measure volume of 11,551.50cubic in. at 83.0F. What is the volume of the prover at80.7F?Solution: Use equation (2) to separately calculate the waterdensities rmtand rpt:Their ratio is:From equation (6), the prover volume is calculated to be(ro
