1、 IEC 62388 Edition 2.0 2013-06 INTERNATIONAL STANDARD Maritime navigation and radiocommunication equipment and systems Shipborne radar Performance requirements, methods of testing and required test results IEC 62388:2013(E) colour inside THIS PUBLICATION IS COPYRIGHT PROTECTED Copyright 2013 IEC, Ge
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9、RNATIONAL STANDARD Maritime navigation and radiocommunication equipment and systems Shipborne radar Performance requirements, methods of testing and required test results INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION XH ICS 33.060; 47.020.70 PRICE CODE ISBN 978-2-8322-0890-8 Registered trademark of the
10、International Electrotechnical Commission Warning! Make sure that you obtained this publication from an authorized distributor. colour inside 2 62388 IEC:2013(E) CONTENTS FOREWORD 11 1 Scope 14 2 Normative references 14 3 Terms and definitions 15 4 General . 27 4.1 Overview . 27 4.2 Purpose 28 4.3 A
11、pplication of these standards . 28 4.4 Equipment categories . 28 4.5 Establishing equipment type and status 29 4.6 Conditions of measurement and related definitions 30 4.7 Quality requirements 30 5 Tests . 30 5.1 Test sites and simulation 30 5.1.1 Environmental and RF testing . 30 5.1.2 Over-sea rad
12、ar performance tests . 30 5.1.3 Test targets and target simulation for performance tests . 31 5.2 Test terminology and format 31 5.2.1 General 31 5.2.2 Test requirement terminology . 31 5.2.3 Testing method terminology . 32 6 Radar performance . 32 6.1 General . 32 6.2 Transmission and interference
13、. 32 6.2.1 Transmission frequency . 32 6.2.2 Interference 33 6.3 Performance optimisation and monitoring . 33 6.3.1 General 33 6.3.2 Optimum performance . 33 6.4 Gain and anti-clutter functions . 34 6.4.1 General 34 6.4.2 Gain function 34 6.4.3 Manual and automatic sea anti-clutter . 34 6.4.4 Rain a
14、nti-clutter 35 6.5 Signal processing . 35 6.5.1 General 35 6.5.2 Target enhancement 35 6.5.3 Radar signal correlation . 36 6.5.4 Signal processing and radar image latency 36 6.5.5 Second-time-around echoes . 36 6.5.6 Transmission format 37 6.5.7 Picture update 37 6.5.8 Additional processing 37 6.5.9
15、 Signal processing description . 37 6.6 Operation with SARTs, target enhancers (RTEs) and beacons 38 6.6.1 General 3862388 IEC:2013(E) 3 6.6.2 Radar beacons, SARTs and enhancers . 38 6.7 Minimum range and range compensation 38 6.7.1 General 38 6.7.2 Range compensation . 39 6.7.3 Minimum range . 39 6
16、.8 Range and bearing discrimination 40 6.8.1 General 40 6.8.2 Measurement conditions 40 6.8.3 Range discrimination . 40 6.8.4 Bearing discrimination . 40 6.8.5 Fundamental radar accuracy 41 6.9 Target detection performance assessment 41 6.9.1 General 41 6.9.2 Range of first detection in minimal clut
17、ter 42 6.9.3 Assessment of target detection with clutter 44 6.9.4 Radar performance documentation 49 6.10 Radar antenna (including pitch and roll) . 50 6.10.1 General 50 6.10.2 Vertical radiation pattern/pitch and roll 50 6.10.3 Antenna horizontal pattern . 51 6.10.4 Antenna side lobes 51 6.11 Radar
18、 availability Standby and transmit . 52 6.11.1 Requirements . 52 6.11.2 Methods of test and required results . 52 7 Display presentation . 53 7.1 General . 53 7.1.1 Requirements . 53 7.1.2 Methods of test and required results . 53 7.2 Linearity and index delay 53 7.2.1 Requirements . 53 7.2.2 Method
19、s of test and required results . 53 7.3 Use and discrimination of colour 53 7.3.1 Requirements . 53 7.3.2 Methods of test and required results . 53 8 CCRP and own ship 54 8.1 Consistent common reference point (CCRP) . 54 8.1.1 CCRP 54 8.1.2 CCRP position 54 8.1.3 Measurements 54 8.1.4 Antenna offset
20、 55 8.2 Own ship . 55 8.2.1 General 55 8.2.2 Own ships outline and minimised symbol 55 8.2.3 Heading line . 55 8.2.4 Stern line . 56 9 Navigation tools 56 9.1 General . 56 9.2 Units of measurement . 56 9.2.1 Requirements . 56 4 62388 IEC:2013(E) 9.2.2 Methods of test and required results . 57 9.3 Pr
21、esentation 57 9.3.1 Requirements . 57 9.3.2 Methods of test and required results . 57 9.4 Display range scales 57 9.4.1 Mandatory range scales . 57 9.5 Variable range marker (VRM) 58 9.5.1 General 58 9.5.2 VRM measurements 58 9.6 Electronic bearing line (EBL) . 59 9.6.1 General 59 9.6.2 EBL measurem
22、ents . 59 9.6.3 EBL origin position 60 9.7 Cursor 60 9.7.1 General 60 9.7.2 Cursor measurement . 60 9.7.3 Selection by cursor 61 9.8 Offset measurement of range and bearing 61 9.8.1 General 61 9.8.2 Electronic range and bearing line (ERBL) 61 9.9 Parallel index lines (PI) . 62 9.9.1 General 62 9.9.2
23、 PI lines and positioning 62 9.10 Bearing scale. 63 9.10.1 General 63 9.10.2 Bearing scale presentation . 63 9.11 Range rings . 64 9.11.1 General 64 9.11.2 Range ring presentation and measurement 64 9.12 Radar maps . 65 9.12.1 General 65 9.12.2 Map functions and display simple user-defined maps 65 9
24、.12.3 Map memory and transfer 65 9.12.4 Map presentation properties . 66 9.13 Navigation routes . 66 9.13.1 General 66 9.13.2 Route display and monitoring . 67 10 Orientation, motion and stabilisation . 67 10.1 General . 67 10.2 Azimuth orientation 67 10.2.1 Accuracy of alignment . 67 10.2.2 Heading
25、 readout and reference. 68 10.2.3 Azimuth stabilisation update . 69 10.3 Motion and orientation modes 69 10.3.1 General 69 10.3.2 True and relative motion 69 10.4 Off-centring . 70 10.4.1 General 70 10.4.2 Manual and automatic off-centring 7062388 IEC:2013(E) 5 10.4.3 Automatic reset . 70 10.4.4 Dis
26、play orientation 71 10.5 Ground and sea stabilisation . 72 10.5.1 Mode and source 72 10.5.2 Ground stabilisation 72 10.5.3 Sea stabilisation . 73 11 Aids for collision avoidance . 73 11.1 General . 73 11.2 Target trails and past positions 73 11.2.1 General 73 11.2.2 Time and plot requirements 74 11.
27、2.3 Trails/past position availability 74 11.3 Target tracking (TT) . 75 11.3.1 General 75 11.3.2 Presentation of targets 75 11.3.3 Tracking calculations . 76 11.3.4 Target tracking availability . 76 11.3.5 Classification and tracked target capacity 77 11.3.6 Manual acquisition 78 11.3.7 Automatic ac
28、quisition 78 11.3.8 Motion trend . 78 11.3.9 Visibility of 50 % . 79 11.3.10 Tracking algorithm 79 11.3.11 Target swap . 79 11.3.12 Cease tracking 79 11.3.13 Target tracking scenarios . 79 11.3.14 Target motion and tracking accuracy . 80 11.3.15 Tracker range and bearing accuracy . 88 11.3.16 Refere
29、nce target . 89 11.4 Tracking limitations 89 11.4.1 Tracking warnings . 89 11.4.2 Docu mentation 90 11.4.3 Requirements . 90 11.4.4 Methods of test and required results . 90 11.5 Automatic identification system 90 11.5.1 General 90 11.5.2 AIS targets and data report capacity . 90 11.5.3 AIS target f
30、iltering . 92 11.5.4 Activation and deactivation of AIS targets 92 11.5.5 AIS functionality and presentation . 93 11.6 Radar and AIS target data. 95 11.6.1 Requirements . 95 11.6.2 Methods of test and required results . 95 11.6.3 Bow crossing range and time (BCR/BCT). 96 11.7 Operational target aler
31、ts . 96 11.7.1 CPA and TCPA . 96 11.7.2 New target warning . 97 11.7.3 Lost tracked radar target 97 11.7.4 Lost AIS target criteria . 98 6 62388 IEC:2013(E) 11.8 Target association 99 11.8.1 General 99 11.8.2 Association and priority 99 11.9 Trial manoeuvre . 103 11.9.1 General 103 11.9.2 Trial func
32、tions . 103 12 Chart radar (optional classification) 104 12.1 General requirements . 104 12.1.1 General 104 12.1.2 Chart operation and source 104 12.1.3 Chart elements and availability . 105 12.1.4 Chart reference . 106 12.1.5 Primary chart information set 106 12.1.6 Chart stabilisation and chart re
33、draw 107 12.1.7 Chart position and latency 108 12.1.8 Matching and adjustment . 108 12.1.9 Chart symbols, colours, and size 109 12.1.10 Chart display size . 110 12.1.11 Chart alerts and indications 110 12.1.12 Chart malfunction 111 12.1.13 Chart radar malfunction . 111 12.2 Additional requirements f
34、or standalone radar with chart facilities. 111 12.2.1 General 111 12.2.2 Provision and updating of chart information . 111 12.2.3 Content and structure of chart data . 112 12.3 Additional requirements for ECDIS back-up (optional) 112 12.3.1 General 112 12.3.2 Requirements . 112 12.3.3 Test Methods a
35、nd required results 112 13 Ergonomic criteria (control functions and display) 112 13.1 General . 112 13.2 Operational controls . 112 13.2.1 Requirements . 112 13.2.2 Methods of test and required results . 113 13.3 Primary controls . 113 13.3.1 Requirements . 113 13.3.2 Methods of test and required r
36、esults . 113 13.4 Control properties 114 13.4.1 Requirements . 114 13.4.2 Methods of test and required results . 114 13.5 Default control setting and saved user control settings . 114 13.5.1 Requirements . 114 13.5.2 Test methods and required results 115 14 Interfacing . 116 14.1 General . 116 14.2
37、Input interfacing . 116 14.2.1 Input data . 116 14.2.2 Input quality, integrity and latency . 117 14.3 Output interfacing 11762388 IEC:2013(E) 7 14.3.1 Output format . 117 14.3.2 Output target data . 117 14.3.3 VDR interface . 118 15 Design, servicing and installation . 119 15.1 General . 119 15.2 F
38、ault diagnosis and servicing 119 15.2.1 Requirements . 119 15.2.2 Methods of test and required results . 120 15.3 Display design . 120 15.3.1 Requirements . 120 15.3.2 Methods of test and required results . 120 15.4 Transceiver design . 120 15.4.1 General 120 15.4.2 Sector blanking . 121 15.5 Antenn
39、a design 121 15.5.1 Requirements . 121 15.5.2 Methods of test and required results . 121 15.6 Inter-switched and multiple radars . 122 15.6.1 General 122 15.6.2 System safeguards 122 15.6.3 Combining radar . 122 15.6.4 Multiple radar system status . 123 15.7 Multiple operational displays . 123 15.7.
40、1 Additional information and conformity 123 15.7.2 Requirements . 123 15.7.3 Methods of test and required results . 124 15.8 Safety antenna and radiation 124 15.8.1 General 124 15.8.2 Antenna radiation and rotation 124 15.8.3 Microwave radiation levels . 124 16 Alerts and failures. 125 16.1 General
41、. 125 16.1.1 Priority of alerts 125 16.1.2 Alerts and indications 125 16.1.3 Alarm contact outputs 125 16.1.4 Alert management interface 125 16.1.5 Unacknowledged warnings . 126 16.1.6 Unacknowledged alarms 127 16.1.7 Remote acknowledgement and silencing of alerts . 127 16.1.8 Picture freeze . 128 1
42、6.1.9 Sensor failure alert 128 16.2 Backup and fallback arrangements 128 16.2.1 Requirements . 128 16.2.2 Failure of heading information (azimuth stabilisation) 128 16.2.3 Failure of speed through the water information . 129 16.2.4 Failure of course and speed over ground information 129 16.2.5 Failu
43、re of position input information 129 16.2.6 Failure of radar video input information . 130 16.2.7 Failure of AIS input information. 130 8 62388 IEC:2013(E) 16.2.8 Failure of an integrated or networked system . 130 17 Environmental testing . 130 17.1 General . 130 17.2 Testing to IEC 60945 131 17.2.1
44、 Requirements . 131 17.2.2 Methods of test and required results . 131 17.3 Additional environmental tests . 131 17.3.1 General 131 17.3.2 Antenna shock test 132 18 Equipment familiarisation and documentation 132 18.1 Familiarisation simulator . 132 18.1.1 General 132 18.1.2 Requirements . 132 18.1.3
45、 Methods of test and required results . 132 18.2 Instructions and documentation . 133 18.2.1 General 133 18.2.2 Documentation 133 18.2.3 Operating instructions 133 18.3 Radar system installation 134 18.3.1 Requirements . 134 18.3.2 Methods of test and required results . 134 18.4 Maintenance informat
46、ion for equipment update . 135 18.4.1 Requirements . 135 18.4.2 Methods of test and required results . 135 Annex A (informative) Guidelines for radar functionality on navigation displays 136 Annex B (normative) Unwanted emissions of radar systems . 137 Annex C (informative) Radar target size (RCS) a
47、nd detection range calculations . 142 Annex D (informative) Factors that influence target detection . 146 Annex E (normative) Sensor errors 155 Annex F (informative) Target scenario simulator/reported target simulator . 157 Annex G (informative) Tracked and reported target states . 158 Annex H (norm
48、ative) IEC 61162 sentence formats 159 Annex I (normative) Radar control function/indication grouping 168 Annex J (informative) Interference to shipborne radar from emissions in adjacent frequency bands . 172 Bibliography . 175 Figure 1 Reduction of range to first detection due to rain at S-band 45 F
49、igure 2 Reduction of range to first detection due to rain at X-band 45 Figure 3 TT scenario 1 . 82 Figure 4 TT scenario 2 . 83 Figure 5 TT scenario 3 . 84 Figure 6 TT scenario 4 . 85 Figure 7 TT scenario 5 . 86 Figure B.1 B 40falls within the allocated band . 140 Figure B.2 B 40falls outside the allocated band . 14162388 IEC:2013(E) 9 Figure C.1 Enhancement by reflection (dB) over free-space (9,41 GHz) 145 Figure C.2 Enhancement by reflection (dB) over free-space (3,05 GHz) 145 Figure D.1 Effect of
