1、 IEC/TS 61973 Edition 1.0 2012-04 TECHNICAL SPECIFICATION High voltage direct current (HVDC) substation audible noise IEC/TS 61973:2012(E) colour inside THIS PUBLICATION IS COPYRIGHT PROTECTED Copyright 2012 IEC, Geneva, Switzerland All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this pu
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8、mer Service Centre - webstore.iec.ch/csc If you wish to give us your feedback on this publication or need further assistance, please contact the Customer Service Centre: csciec.ch. IEC/TS 61973 Edition 1.0 2012-04 TECHNICAL SPECIFICATION High voltage direct current (HVDC) substation audible noise IN
9、TERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION XC ICS 29.240.10; 29.240.99 PRICE CODE ISBN 978-2-88912-041-3 Registered trademark of the International Electrotechnical Commission Warning! Make sure that you obtained this publication from an authorized distributor. colour inside 2 TS 61973 IEC:2012(E) CONTE
10、NTS FOREWORD . 7 1 Scope . 9 2 Normative references . 9 3 Terms and definitions . 10 3.1 Sound and noise terms 10 3.2 Sound radiation terms . 14 3.3 Acoustic fields . 16 4 Environmental influences 16 4.1 General . 16 4.2 Directivity of sound radiation . 16 4.3 Background noise 17 4.4 Topography . 19
11、 4.5 Meteorological conditions 20 5 Noise level limits 21 5.1 General . 21 5.2 Regulations . 22 5.2.1 Noise level limits . 22 5.2.2 Noise level measurement 22 5.3 Land-use classifications 22 5.4 Location of required performance limits . 23 5.4.1 General . 23 5.4.2 At the fence surrounding the HVDC s
12、ubstation or at the border of the substation owners property . 23 5.4.3 At the given contour away from the HVDC substation (e.g. on a circle perimeter or beyond a property border line) . 23 5.4.4 At the border of a nearby property . 23 5.5 Relationship of performance limits to time duration 24 5.6 T
13、ypical noise performance limits . 24 5.6.1 General . 24 5.6.2 Specific A-weighted sound pressure levels 24 5.6.3 Maximum allowable increase over background noise levels . 24 6 Sound emitting sources 25 6.1 General . 25 6.2 Converter transformer . 25 6.2.1 Noise sources in a converter transformer 25
14、6.2.2 Comparison with a.c. power transformers 26 6.2.3 Special features of HVDC converter transformers 26 6.2.4 Transformer winding noise. 27 6.3 Reactors . 28 6.3.1 Type and design of HVDC reactors 28 6.3.2 Mechanism of sound generation 28 6.3.3 AC filter reactors . 33 6.3.4 HVDC smoothing reactors
15、 . 34 6.3.5 Self-tuned filter reactors 35 6.4 Capacitors . 36 6.4.1 Type and design of capacitors . 36 TS 61973 IEC:2012(E) 3 6.4.2 Mechanism of sound generation 36 6.5 Cooling fans 39 6.6 Other sound-emitting sources 40 6.6.1 Switching devices 40 6.6.2 Synchronous compensators . 41 6.6.3 Diesel gen
16、erators 41 6.6.4 Air conditioning plant . 41 6.6.5 Cooling circuit pumps 41 6.6.6 Converter valves . 41 6.6.7 Air compressors 42 6.6.8 Corona sources . 42 6.7 Typical sound power levels of sound emitting sources . 42 7 Sound reduction measures . 42 7.1 General . 42 7.2 Substation layout . 43 7.2.1 G
17、eneral . 43 7.2.2 Transformers and tanked reactors . 43 7.2.3 Air-cored reactors 43 7.2.4 Capacitors . 44 7.2.5 Cooling fans 44 7.2.6 Diesel generators 44 7.2.7 Switching devices 44 7.2.8 Air conditioning plant . 44 7.2.9 Corona sources . 44 7.2.10 Synchronous compensators . 44 7.3 Component design
18、45 7.3.1 General . 45 7.3.2 Transformers and tanked reactors . 45 7.3.3 Air-cored reactors 45 7.3.4 Capacitors . 45 7.3.5 Cooling fans 46 7.3.6 Pumps and diesel generators 46 7.3.7 Switching devices 46 7.3.8 Air-conditioning plant . 46 7.3.9 High voltage connections . 46 7.4 Sound enclosures 46 7.4.
19、1 General . 46 7.4.2 Transformers and tanked-reactors . 46 7.4.3 Air-cored reactors 47 7.4.4 Capacitors . 47 7.5 Retrofitable techniques 48 7.5.1 Enclosures 48 7.5.2 Damping 48 7.5.3 Active noise and vibration mitigation 48 8 Operating conditions 48 8.1 General . 48 8.2 Normal operating conditions 4
20、9 8.3 Exceptional operating conditions . 50 8.4 Operating conditions specified for verification 51 4 TS 61973 IEC:2012(E) 9 Sound level prediction 51 9.1 General . 51 9.2 Modelling of plant 52 9.2.1 General . 52 9.2.2 Layout . 52 9.2.3 Source . 52 9.2.4 Transmission path . 52 9.3 Calculation procedu
21、re . 53 9.3.1 Sequence of calculation. 53 9.3.2 Calculation of attenuation terms 55 9.3.3 Results presentation 59 10 Verification of component sound power 61 10.1 General . 61 10.2 Calculation 61 10.2.1 General . 61 10.2.2 Calculation of force spectrum 62 10.2.3 Transfer function calculation 62 10.2
22、.4 Sound power calculation 63 10.3 Measurement 64 10.3.1 General aspects on sound power determination. 64 10.3.2 Sound pressure measurement . 66 10.3.3 Corrections for background noise 67 10.3.4 Sound intensity measurement 67 10.4 Combination of calculation and measurement 69 10.4.1 General . 69 10.
23、4.2 Verification of key components 69 10.4.3 Verification of key components at site 69 11 Verification of sound levels from the HVDC substation . 70 11.1 General . 70 11.2 Acoustic environment 71 11.3 Conditions for verification 71 11.4 Calculation 71 11.5 Measurement 72 11.6 Combination of calculat
24、ion and measurement 72 12 Parameters to be specified . 74 12.1 General . 74 12.2 Noise level measurement 74 12.3 Data to be presented by customers, or to be investigated by contractors . 74 12.3.1 Land-use classification, noise regulation and limits 74 12.3.2 Environmental condition 75 12.3.3 Operat
25、ion condition of HVDC substation 77 12.4 Data to be clarified by contractors . 77 12.4.1 Noise of components . 77 12.4.2 Noise prediction of the HVDC substation . 77 12.4.3 Noise measurement on the site . 78 Annex A (normative) Procedure to correct for background noise in HVDC and SVC plants . 79 Bi
26、bliography 82 TS 61973 IEC:2012(E) 5 Figure 1 Spherical spreading in a free-field from a point source . 17 Figure 2 Hemispherical spreading from a point source . 18 Figure 3 Quarter-spherical spreading from a point source 18 Figure 4 Explanation of specific and background noise 19 Figure 5 Example o
27、f reflecting hill and low ground. 19 Figure 6 Example of sound refraction with the shown wind gradient . 20 Figure 7 Sound travels faster near the ground . 21 Figure 8 Sound travels slower near the ground 21 Figure 9 Dry-type air-core reactor 29 Figure 10 Magnetic field of an air-core reactor windin
28、g 30 Figure 11 Simplified shape of the symmetrical breathing mode of a reactor winding 31 Figure 12 Example of flexural modes (bending modes) for a simply supported winding layer without axial constraint 32 Figure 13 Example of spectrum of currents through a.c. filter reactor . 33 Figure 14 Example
29、of spectrum of forces acting on the reactor winding 34 Figure 15 Example of spectrum of currents through an HVDC smoothing reactor 34 Figure 16 Example of spectrum of forces acting on the reactor winding 35 Figure 17 Reactor for self-tuned filter applications . 35 Figure 18 Capacitor element package
30、 with capacitor elements 36 Figure 19 Forces in a capacitor element 37 Figure 20 Example of spectrum of voltages across the capacitor . 38 Figure 21 Example of spectrum of electrostatic forces in a capacitor 39 Figure 22 Explanation of AC network harmonics and converter harmonics . 50 Figure 23 Exam
31、ples of transmission paths from source to receiver 53 Figure 24 Grouping of point sources to one equivalent source if the measurement distance (r) is larger than 2a . 54 Figure 25 Definition of geometrical parameters used for calculation of screening . 56 Figure 26 Reflecting obstacles are treated b
32、y mirror sources . 57 Figure 27 Definition of parts for calculation of ground attenuation 57 Figure 28 Definition of parameters used in Equation 38 . 59 Figure 29 Example of graphical presentation of sound pressure level calculation 60 Figure 30 Three steps to determine the sound power of HVDC compo
33、nents 62 Figure 31 Linear transfer function between e.g. force and vibration velocity for a 1-DOF system with the resonance frequency 500 Hz 63 Figure 32 Definitions of the parameters used in Equation (42) . 67 Figure 33 Combination of calculation and measurement in determining the sound pressure le
34、vel . 72 Figure 34 Example of layout of noise sources of an HVDC substation 73 Figure 35 HVDC substation and example of microphone positions for determination of sound power levels . 73 Figure A.1 Example of a background correction at 1/24 octave band resolution . 80 Table 1 Examples of component so
35、und power level . 42 Table 2 Normal operating conditions 50 6 TS 61973 IEC:2012(E) Table 3 Exceptional operating conditions . 51 Table 4 Examples of atmospheric attenuation coefficients . 56 Table 5 Examples of attenuation coefficient values for octave bands . 59 Table 6 Groups of noise sources 60 T
36、able 7 Ranking of noise sources 61 Table 8 Vibration force frequency spectrum resulting from the electrical fundamental frequency 50 Hz and its 11 thharmonic 62 Table 9 Summary of different methods for sound power determination . 69 Table 10 Land use classification 74 Table 11 Existence different no
37、ise limits at different times . 75 Table 12 Existence of noise limits due to further regulation 75 Table 13 Definition of noise limits at different locations 75 Table 14 Existence of background noise limits at different locations and different times 75 Table 15 Compilation of relevant topographical
38、features 76 Table 16 Compilation of relevant meteorological conditions . 76 Table 17 Compilation of further noise related weather conditions . 76 Table 18 Existence of additional locations with relevant noise limits 76 Table 19 Possibility of future development . 76 Table 20 Other sources of audible
39、 noise 76 Table 21 Definition of operating condition during audible noise measurement 77 Table 22 Further conditions relevant for audible noise measurement . 77 Table 23 List of audible noise sources to be installed 77 Table 24 Contents of an audible noise prediction report . 78 Table 25 Contents of
40、 an audible noise measurement report . 78 Table A.1 Total sound level for the SVC example. 81 TS 61973 IEC:2012(E) 7 INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION _ HIGH VOLTAGE DIRECT CURRENT (HVDC) SUBSTATION AUDIBLE NOISE FOREWORD 1) The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) is a worldwide
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