1、 IEC/TR 62725 Edition 1.0 2013-03 TECHNICAL REPORT Analysis of quantification methodologies for greenhouse gas emissions for electrical and electronic products and systems IEC/TR 62725:2013(E) colour inside THIS PUBLICATION IS COPYRIGHT PROTECTED Copyright 2013 IEC, Geneva, Switzerland All rights re
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9、ntification methodologies for greenhouse gas emissions for electrical and electronic products and systems INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION XB ICS 13.020.30; 19.040 PRICE CODE ISBN 978-2-83220-690-4 Registered trademark of the International Electrotechnical Commission Warning! Make sure that
10、 you obtained this publication from an authorized distributor. colour inside 2 TR 62725 IEC:2013(E) CONTENTS FOREWORD . 4 INTRODUCTION . 6 1 Scope . 7 2 Normative reference . 7 3 Terms and definitions . 7 4 Principles . 11 General . 11 4.1Life Cycle Thinking (LCT) 11 4.2Relevance . 11 4.3Completenes
11、s . 12 4.4Consistency 12 4.5Accuracy . 12 4.6Transparency 12 4.7 5 Comparative study on the existing relevant documents . 12 6 Quantification framework 13 General . 13 6.1Provisions in CFP and LCA standards . 13 6.1.1Electrotechnical industry guidance for basic steps of CFP study 14 6.1.2Goal and sc
12、ope definition 15 6.2Provisions in CFP and LCA standards . 15 6.2.1Electrotechnical industry guidance. 15 6.2.2Unit of analysis 16 6.3Provisions in CFP and LCA standards . 16 6.3.1Electrotechnical industry guidance. 17 6.3.2System boundary 18 6.4General . 18 6.4.1Life cycle stage and process map 20
13、6.4.2Attributional and consequential approaches . 25 6.4.3Time boundary 26 6.4.4Specific GHG sources and sinks 27 6.4.5Cut-off criteria . 28 6.4.6Trial estimation and decision on boundary to be cut-off . 30 6.5Electrotechnical industry guidance. 30 6.5.1Data collection and quality assessment . 31 6.
14、6General . 31 6.6.1Primary data 34 6.6.2Secondary data . 34 6.6.3Data quality . 35 6.6.4Calculating GHG emissions . 36 6.7General . 36 6.7.1Allocation 38 6.7.2Uncertainty 39 6.8Provisions in CFP and LCA standards . 39 6.8.1Electrotechnical industry guidance. 40 6.8.2Use and maintenance scenario 41 6
15、.9Provisions in CFP and LCA standards . 41 6.9.1TR 62725 IEC:2013(E) 3 Electrotechnical industry guidance. 42 6.9.2End-of-life stage scenario 42 6.10Provisions in CFP and LCA standards . 42 6.10.1Electrotechnical industry guidance. 43 6.10.2 7 CFP-PCR . 45 Provisions in CFP standards . 45 7.1Electro
16、technical industry guidance 46 7.2 8 Documentation . 46 Provisions in CFP and LCA standards . 46 8.1Electrotechnical industry guidance 47 8.2 9 Communication and verification 48 General . 48 9.1Provisions in CFP and LCA standards . 48 9.1.1Electrotechnical industry guidance. 49 9.1.2Options of commu
17、nication . 50 9.2Provisions in CFP and LCA standards . 50 9.2.1Electrotechnical industry guidance. 50 9.2.2Verification and assurance 51 9.3Provisions in CFP and LCA standards . 51 9.3.1Electrotechnical industry guidance. 52 9.3.2 Annex A (informative) Example of existing databases which can be used
18、 for quantification as secondary data . 54 Annex B (informative) Study results of comparison analysis on selected existing relevant documents including International Standards and regional and national initiatives 57 Annex C (informative) Examples of PCRs/Sector specific rules 65 Annex D (informativ
19、e) Additional information on trial estimation approach and uncertainty 73 Bibliography 75 Figure 1 Basic steps of CFP study related to LCA framework . 15 Figure 2 Analysis of relationship of three types of data according to ISO/DIS 14067 33 Table 1 An example of BOM 25 Table 2 Example of applicable
20、data types 37 Table 3 Example of applicable emission factors for each life cycle stage/unit processes . 37 4 TR 62725 IEC:2013(E) INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION _ ANALYSIS OF QUANTIFICATION METHODOLOGIES FOR GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS FOR ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONIC PRODUCTS AND SYSTEMS FOREW
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32、ication of a technical report when it has collected data of a different kind from that which is normally published as an International Standard, for example “state of the art“. IEC/TR 62725, which is a technical report, has been prepared by IEC technical committee 111: Environmental standardization
33、for electrical and electronic products and systems. The text of this technical report is based on the following documents: Enquiry draft Report on voting 111/266/DTR 111/291/RVC Full information on the voting for the approval of this technical report can be found in the report on voting indicated in
34、 the above table. This publication has been drafted in accordance with the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2. TR 62725 IEC:2013(E) 5 The committee has decided that the contents of this publication will remain unchanged until the stability date indicated on the IEC web site under “http:/webstore.iec.ch“ in
35、the data related to the specific publication. At this date, the publication will be reconfirmed, withdrawn, replaced by a revised edition, or amended. A bilingual version of this publication may be issued at a later date. IMPORTANT The colour inside logo on the cover page of this publication indicat
36、es that it contains colours which are considered to be useful for the correct understanding of its contents. Users should therefore print this document using a colour printer. 6 TR 62725 IEC:2013(E) INTRODUCTION Electrical and electronic products and systems (hereinafter referred to as “EE products”
37、) are widely used in our society, hence raising awareness of their environmental impacts. Consequently customers in the market and other stakeholders are requiring or requesting that the electronics sector take actions to address the quantification and reduction of environmental impacts through envi
38、ronmental conscious design during the product development phase. Among those environmental impacts, climate change is an important issue. A number of initiatives at local, national, regional, and international levels are being developed and implemented, aiming to curb the concentration of greenhouse
39、 gas (GHG) emissions which is understood to be a major contributing factor. A basic and generic methodology to quantify Carbon Footprint of Products (hereinafter referenced as “CFP”) is under development in ISO 14067. It specifies principles and requirements for studies to quantify CFP, based on the
40、 methodology of life cycle assessment (LCA) specified in ISO 14040 and ISO 14044. In addition, major standardisation activities, and private, government and industry driven initiatives have started work on establishing methodologies for CFP, quantifying GHG emissions and related issues. This plurali
41、ty of initiatives highlights the necessity of developing guidance, which facilitates the understanding of existing methodologies and suggests workable and implementable options that address the specific characteristics of EE products, for example; Supply chains can be dynamic, long, complicated and
42、global. Some product categories are associated with significant impacts from raw material acquisition, production stage, or end- of-life. Reasonable and consistent methodologies are needed to be shared with all the relevant actors along the global supply chain. Many products have relatively long liv
43、es, extending over many years, with associated energy consumption, which underlines the significance of the use stage. For such product categories, specific attention is paid to energy efficiency. It should be noted that the assumptions behind use scenarios are critical to achieve consistency. In ad
44、dition to associated CO 2emissions, some products use substances that have the potential for additional GHG emissions (e.g. SF 6used in switchgear). These characteristics support the market relevance for providing generic guidance in the form of this Technical Report (hereinafter referred to as TR)
45、for the quantification, documentation and communication of GHG along the life cycle of EE products. The contents and features of this TR are as follows: A study and review of relevant standards, regional initiatives and practices are provided to clarify and compare the differences and similarities i
46、n multiple existing methodologies for CFP studies. This Technical Report, based on relevant International Standards, Draft International Standards, especially ISO/DIS 14067, and other standards, gives a comprehensive additional guidance which enable readers to carry out CFP study for EE products. It
47、 should be also emphasized that CFP addresses the single impact category of climate change and does not assess other potential social, economic or environmental impacts. Therefore CFPs do not provide an indicator of the overall environmental impact of products. The information in this TR is entirely
48、 informative in nature and does not establish nor is it intended to imply any normative requirements. NOTE 1 This TR may be used as quantification guidance for GHG emissions as a part of the environmental impact categories in a multi-criteria environmental assessment. NOTE 2 This TR is not directly
49、intended for electrical and electronic equipment (EEE) as defined by EU regulation therefore this TR uses the term “electrical & electronic products (EE products).“ TR 62725 IEC:2013(E) 7 ANALYSIS OF QUANTIFICATION METHODOLOGIES FOR GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS FOR ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONIC PRODUCTS AND SYSTEMS 1 Scope This Technical Report is intended to provide users with guidance to understand methodologies and to evaluate carbon footprint of products (hereinafter referred to as CFP), by quantifying th
