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    IEC TR 62581-2010 Electrical steel - Methods of measurement of the magnetostriction characteristics by means of single sheet and Epstein test specimens《电工钢.用单个薄片和艾普斯坦试样的磁致伸缩特性的测量方法》.pdf

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    IEC TR 62581-2010 Electrical steel - Methods of measurement of the magnetostriction characteristics by means of single sheet and Epstein test specimens《电工钢.用单个薄片和艾普斯坦试样的磁致伸缩特性的测量方法》.pdf

    1、 IEC/TR 62581 Edition 1.0 2010-08 TECHNICAL REPORT Electrical steel Methods of measurement of the magnetostriction characteristics by means of single sheet and Epstein test specimens IEC/TR 62581:2010(E) THIS PUBLICATION IS COPYRIGHT PROTECTED Copyright 2010 IEC, Geneva, Switzerland All rights reser

    2、ved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from either IEC or IECs member National Committee in the country of the requester. If

    3、you have any questions about IEC copyright or have an enquiry about obtaining additional rights to this publication, please contact the address below or your local IEC member National Committee for further information. Droits de reproduction rservs. Sauf indication contraire, aucune partie de cette

    4、publication ne peut tre reproduite ni utilise sous quelque forme que ce soit et par aucun procd, lectronique ou mcanique, y compris la photocopie et les microfilms, sans laccord crit de la CEI ou du Comit national de la CEI du pays du demandeur. Si vous avez des questions sur le copyright de la CEI

    5、ou si vous dsirez obtenir des droits supplmentaires sur cette publication, utilisez les coordonnes ci-aprs ou contactez le Comit national de la CEI de votre pays de rsidence. IEC Central Office 3, rue de Varemb CH-1211 Geneva 20 Switzerland Email: inmailiec.ch Web: www.iec.ch About IEC publications

    6、The technical content of IEC publications is kept under constant review by the IEC. Please make sure that you have the latest edition, a corrigenda or an amendment might have been published. Catalogue of IEC publications: www.iec.ch/searchpub The IEC on-line Catalogue enables you to search by a vari

    7、ety of criteria (reference number, text, technical committee,). It also gives information on projects, withdrawn and replaced publications. IEC Just Published: www.iec.ch/online_news/justpub Stay up to date on all new IEC publications. Just Published details twice a month all new publications releas

    8、ed. Available on-line and also by email. Electropedia: www.electropedia.org The worlds leading online dictionary of electronic and electrical terms containing more than 20 000 terms and definitions in English and French, with equivalent terms in additional languages. Also known as the International

    9、Electrotechnical Vocabulary online. Customer Service Centre: www.iec.ch/webstore/custserv If you wish to give us your feedback on this publication or need further assistance, please visit the Customer Service Centre FAQ or contact us: Email: csciec.ch Tel.: +41 22 919 02 11 Fax: +41 22 919 03 00 IEC

    10、/TR 62581 Edition 1.0 2010-08 TECHNICAL REPORT Electrical steel Methods of measurement of the magnetostriction characteristics by means of single sheet and Epstein test specimens INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION X ICS 29.030 PRICE CODE ISBN 978-2-88912-101-4 Registered trademark of the Inte

    11、rnational Electrotechnical Commission 2 TR 62581 IEC:2010(E) CONTENTS FOREWORD.5 INTRODUCTION.7 1 Scope.8 2 Normative references .8 3 Terms and definitions .8 4 Method of measurement of the magnetostriction characteristics of electrical steel sheets under applied stress by means of a single sheet te

    12、ster9 4.1 Principle of the method9 4.2 Test specimen.11 4.3 Yokes12 4.4 Windings .13 4.5 Air flux compensation14 4.6 Power supply.14 4.7 Optical sensor .14 4.8 Stressing device15 4.9 Data acquisitions.15 4.10 Data processing 16 4.11 Preparation for measurement 16 4.12 Adjustment of power supply.17 4

    13、.13 Measurement 17 4.14 Determination of the butterfly loop.20 4.15 Determinations of the zero-to-peak and peak-to-peak values.20 4.16 Reproducibility 20 5 Examples of the measurement systems20 5.1 Single sheet tester 20 5.2 Epstein strip tester 25 6 Examples of measurement .26 6.1 Magnetostriction

    14、without external stress26 6.2 Magnetostriction under applied stress .27 6.3 Variation of magnetostriction with coating tension .30 6.4 Factors affecting precision and reproducibility.34 6.4.1 General .34 6.4.2 Overlap length between test specimen and yoke .34 6.4.3 The averaging effect on environmen

    15、tal noise.34 6.4.4 Gap between test specimen and yoke34 6.4.5 Resetting the test specimen.35 7 Methods of evaluation of the magnetostriction behaviour36 7.1 Relationship between magnetostriction and magnetic domain structure.36 7.2 A simple model of magnetostriction behaviour.37 Annex A (informative

    16、) Requirements concerning the prevention of out-of-plane deformations.40 Annex B (informative) Application of retained stress model to measured stress shifts 42 Annex C (informative) A-weighted magnetostriction characteristics 45 Bibliography48 TR 62581 IEC:2010(E) 3 Figure 1 Measurement systems for

    17、 magnetostriction9 Figure 2 Section of the test frame; A-A in Figure 110 Figure 3 Block diagram of the measurement system 10 Figure 4 Frames with various types of yoke .13 Figure 5 Base length 0 l for various types of frame (see Figure 4) 18 Figure 6 Butterfly loop and determinations of zero-to-peak

    18、 and peak-to-peak values of magnetostriction .20 Figure 7 Measurement system using a Michelson interferometer; differential measurement 1.21 Figure 8 Measurement system using a laser Doppler vibrometer; differential measurement 2, 3, 17.21 Figure 9 Measurement system using a laser Doppler vibrometer

    19、; differential measurement 4,523 Figure 10 Measurement system using a laser displacement meter; single point measurement 7.23 Figure 11 Measurement system using a laser displacement meter; single point measurement 6.24 Figure 12 Measurement system using a laser Doppler vibrometer; single point measu

    20、rement 8.24 Figure 13 Schematic diagram of an automated system using accelerometer sensors 12 25 Figure 14 Example of measured results for high permeability grain-oriented electrical steel of 0,3 mm thick sheet; at 1,3 T, 1,5 T, 1,7 T, 1,8 T and 1,9 T, 50 Hz 229 Figure 15 Increase in magnetostrictio

    21、n with compressive stress in the rolling direction; at 1,5 T, 1,7 T and 1,9 T, 50 Hz 2 .29 Figure 16 Typical zero-to-peak magnetostriction versus applied stress for high permeability grain-oriented electrical steel sheet at 1,5 T, 50 Hz 1229 Figure 17 Stress sensitivity of magnetostriction and perme

    22、ability in a typical fully processed sample 1230 Figure 18 Typical harmonics of magnetostriction versus applied stress for conventional grain-oriented electrical steel at 1,5 T, 50 Hz 12 30 Figure 19 Variation of maximum magnetostriction under compressive stress in high permeability grain-oriented e

    23、lectrical steel at 1,5 T, 50 Hz 20 .31 Figure 20 Variation of maximum magnetostriction under compressive stress in conventional grain-oriented electrical steel at 1,5 T, 50 Hz 20 31 Figure 21 Magnetostriction versus stress characteristics in the rolling direction of conventional grain-oriented elect

    24、rical steel before and after coating removal at 1,5 T, 50 Hz 20.31 Figure 22 Magnetostriction versus stress characteristics in the transverse direction of conventional grain-oriented electrical steel before and after coating removal at 1,5 T, 50 Hz 20.31 Figure 23 Magnetostriction versus peak value

    25、of magnetic polarization for high permeability 0,30 mm grain-oriented electrical steel sheets with three different coatings; external stress was not applied 1733 Figure 24 Magnetostriction versus peak value of magnetic polarization for high permeability 0,30 mm grain-oriented electrical steel sheets

    26、 with three different coatings; external compressive stress of 3 MPa was applied in the rolling direction 17 33 Figure 25 Effects of overlap length on the reproducibility of measurement 4 34 Figure 26 Effect of averaging number on reduction of the error caused by the environmental noise 5.34 4 TR 62

    27、581 IEC:2010(E) Figure 27 Effect of gap between the test specimen and the yoke on the reproducibility of measurement; the test specimen was reset at every measurement 5 35 Figure 28 Effect of reset of the test specimen on the reproducibility of measurement; the gap distance was 1,2 mm 535 Figure 29

    28、Magnetic domain patterns on a grain-oriented electrical steel sheet 2 36 Figure 30 Schematic diagrams for explanation of magnetic domains and magnetostriction 2,17 .36 Figure 31 Separation of the different features of peak-to-peak magnetostriction according to the proposed model 27 .38 Figure 32 Mea

    29、sured peak-to-peak and zero-to-peak magnetostriction of a grain-oriented electrical steel sheet with fitted curves according to the proposed model 27 .38 Figure 33 Effect of coating tension on sp m J curves; sp is the normalized value of zero-to-peak magnetostriction to the value at saturation polar

    30、ization 17 .39 Figure 34 Effect of laser irradiation on sp m J curves; sp is the normalized value of zero-to-peak magnetostriction to the value at saturation polarization 17 .39 Figure A.1 Schematic diagram of out-of-plane deformation of test specimen (length m l ) with radius r .41 Figure A.2 Error

    31、s in length change of the test specimen m / l l versus out-of-plane deformation distance d .41 Figure B.1 Variation of coating stress with coating thickness for forsterite and phosphate coating 2044 Figure C.1 Frequency response of the acoustic A-weighting filter, specified in IEC 61672-1 .45 Figure

    32、 C.2 A-weighted magnetostriction acceleration levels of CGO-0,30 mm and HGO-0,30 mm materials .47 Table B.1 Measured stress shifts for two stage coating removal 43 TR 62581 IEC:2010(E) 5 INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION _ ELECTRICAL STEEL METHODS OF MEASUREMENT OF THE MAGNETOSTRICTION CHARA

    33、CTERISTICS BY MEANS OF SINGLE SHEET AND EPSTEIN TEST SPECIMENS FOREWORD 1) The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) is a worldwide organization for standardization comprising all national electrotechnical committees (IEC National Committees). The object of IEC is to promote international

    34、co-operation on all questions concerning standardization in the electrical and electronic fields. To this end and in addition to other activities, IEC publishes International Standards, Technical Specifications, Technical Reports, Publicly Available Specifications (PAS) and Guides (hereafter referre

    35、d to as “IEC Publication(s)”). Their preparation is entrusted to technical committees; any IEC National Committee interested in the subject dealt with may participate in this preparatory work. International, governmental and non-governmental organizations liaising with the IEC also participate in th

    36、is preparation. IEC collaborates closely with the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) in accordance with conditions determined by agreement between the two organizations. 2) The formal decisions or agreements of IEC on technical matters express, as nearly as possible, an internation

    37、al consensus of opinion on the relevant subjects since each technical committee has representation from all interested IEC National Committees. 3) IEC Publications have the form of recommendations for international use and are accepted by IEC National Committees in that sense. While all reasonable e

    38、fforts are made to ensure that the technical content of IEC Publications is accurate, IEC cannot be held responsible for the way in which they are used or for any misinterpretation by any end user. 4) In order to promote international uniformity, IEC National Committees undertake to apply IEC Public

    39、ations transparently to the maximum extent possible in their national and regional publications. Any divergence between any IEC Publication and the corresponding national or regional publication shall be clearly indicated in the latter. 5) IEC itself does not provide any attestation of conformity. I

    40、ndependent certification bodies provide conformity assessment services and, in some areas, access to IEC marks of conformity. IEC is not responsible for any services carried out by independent certification bodies. 6) All users should ensure that they have the latest edition of this publication. 7)

    41、No liability shall attach to IEC or its directors, employees, servants or agents including individual experts and members of its technical committees and IEC National Committees for any personal injury, property damage or other damage of any nature whatsoever, whether direct or indirect, or for cost

    42、s (including legal fees) and expenses arising out of the publication, use of, or reliance upon, this IEC Publication or any other IEC Publications. 8) Attention is drawn to the Normative references cited in this publication. Use of the referenced publications is indispensable for the correct applica

    43、tion of this publication. 9) Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this IEC Publication may be the subject of patent rights. IEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. The main task of IEC technical committees is to prepare Internati

    44、onal Standards. However, a technical committee may propose the publication of a technical report when it has collected data of a different kind from that which is normally published as an International Standard, for example “state of the art“. IEC 62581, which is a technical report, has been prepare

    45、d by IEC technical committee 68: Magnetic alloys and steels. The text of this technical report is based on the following documents: Enquiry draft Report on voting 68/411/DTR 68/414/RVC Full information on the voting for the approval of this technical report can be found in the report on voting indic

    46、ated in the above table. 6 TR 62581 IEC:2010(E) This publication has been drafted in accordance with the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2. The committee has decided that the contents of this publication will remain unchanged until the stability date indicated on the IEC web site under “http:/webstore.iec.

    47、ch“ in the data related to the specific publication. At this date, the publication will be reconfirmed, withdrawn, replaced by a revised edition, or amended. A bilingual version of this publication may be issued at a later date. TR 62581 IEC:2010(E) 7 INTRODUCTION Magnetostriction is one of the magn

    48、etic properties that accompany ferromagnetism. It causes reversible deformations of a material body due to magnetization arising from an applied magnetic field. Nowadays, the environmental problem of acoustic noise pollution caused by transformers and other applications of electrical steels (e.g. ba

    49、llast, motors, etc.) is a concern of industry 31 1 . Magnetostriction of electrical steels is recognized as one of the causes of the problem and a standardization of methods of measurement of the magnetostriction is required to advance developments in materials to address this problem. Historically, several methods have been use


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