1、 IEC/TR 61292-1 Edition 2.0 2009-04 TECHNICAL REPORT Optical amplifiers Part 1: Parameters of amplifier components IEC/TR 61292-1:2009(E) THIS PUBLICATION IS COPYRIGHT PROTECTED Copyright 2009 IEC, Geneva, Switzerland All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may b
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10、s Part 1: Parameters of amplifier components INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION R ICS 33.160.10; 33.180.30 PRICE CODE ISBN 2-8318-1040-0 Registered trademark of the International Electrotechnical Commission 2 TR 61292-1 IEC:2009(E) CONTENTS FOREWORD.3 1 Scope and object5 2 Normative reference
11、s5 3 Abbreviations5 4 OFA components6 5 Terms and definitions .6 5.1 Active fibre 6 5.2 Pump laser8 5.3 WDM coupler.11 5.4 Optical isolator 12 5.5 ASE rejection filter.13 5.6 Pump rejection filter.13 5.7 Gain flattening filter (GFF) .14 5.8 Tap coupler .15 5.9 PIN-photodiode (PIN-PD).16 5.10 Variabl
12、e optical attenuator (VOA).17 5.11 Optical connectors.18 Bibliography19 Figure 1 Example of the components inside an EDFA operating in a co-propagating pumping scheme.6 TR 61292-1 IEC:2009(E) 3 INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION _ OPTICAL AMPLIFIERS Part 1: Parameters of amplifier components
13、FOREWORD 1) The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) is a worldwide organization for standardization comprising all national electrotechnical committees (IEC National Committees). The object of IEC is to promote international co-operation on all questions concerning standardization in the
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22、o the Normative references cited in this publication. Use of the referenced publications is indispensable for the correct application of this publication. 9) Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this IEC Publication may be the subject of patent rights. IEC shall not be
23、held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. The main task of IEC technical committees is to prepare International Standards. However, a technical committee may propose the publication of a technical report when it has collected data of a different kind from that which is normally
24、 published as an International Standard, for example “state of the art“. IEC 61292-1, which is a technical report, has been prepared by subcommittee 86C: Fibre optic systems and active devices, of IEC technical committee 86: Fibre optics. This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition pu
25、blished in 1998. It is a technical revision with updates reflecting new technology. 4 TR 61292-1 IEC:2009(E) The text of this technical report is based on the following documents: Enquiry draft Report on voting 86C/853/DTR 86C/871/RVC Full information on the voting for the approval of this technical
26、 report can be found in the report on voting indicated in the above table. A list of all parts of the IEC 61292 series, published under the general title Optical amplifiers, can be found on the IEC website. This publication has been drafted in accordance with the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2. The comm
27、ittee has decided that the contents of this publication will remain unchanged until the maintenance result date indicated on the IEC web site under “http:/webstore.iec.ch“ in the data related to the specific publication. At this date, the publication will be reconfirmed, withdrawn, replaced by a rev
28、ised edition, or amended. A bilingual version of this technical report may be published later. TR 61292-1 IEC:2009(E) 5 OPTICAL AMPLIFIERS Part 1: Parameters of amplifier components 1 Scope and object This part of IEC 61292, which is a technical report, applies to optical components of rare-earth do
29、ped fibre amplifiers. It provides information about the most relevant parameters of optical components especially for erbium doped fibre amplifiers (EDFAs). The object of this technical report is to provide introductory information for a better understanding of EDFA operation and applications. 2 Nor
30、mative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. IEC/TR 61931, Fibre optic Termi
31、nology ITU-T Recommendation G. 650.1, Definition and test methods for linear, deterministic attributes of single-mode fibre and cable NOTE A list of informative references is given in the Bibliography. 3 Abbreviations For the purposes of this document, the following abbreviations apply. ASE amplifie
32、d spontaneous emission EDFA erbium-doped fibre amplifier EDF erbium-doped fibre OFA optical fibre amplifier OA optical amplifier RMS(r.m.s) root mean square LD laser diode TEC thermo-electric cooler FBG fibre Bragg grating FWHM full-width at half maximum WDM wavelength division multiplexing GFF gain
33、 flattening filter PIN-PD PIN-photodiode VOA variable optical attenuator EDF erbium doped fibre PDL polarization dependent loss (variation) PMD polarization mode dispersion MTBF mean time between failure 6 TR 61292-1 IEC:2009(E) FIT failure in time 4 OFA components The parameters relevant for a sati
34、sfactory understanding of OFA operation are covered by the following optical component definitions: active fibre; pump laser; wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) coupler; optical isolator; amplified spontaneous emission (ASE) rejection filter; pump rejection filter; gain flattening filter (GFF);
35、tap coupler; PIN-photodiode (PIN-PD); variable optical attenuator (VOA); optical connectors. Figure 1 provides an example of the component layout for an OFA. Active fibre WDM coupler Pump laser (Input) Optical connector Pump rejection filter* ASE rejection filter* Optical isolator* (Output) Optical
36、connector *Optional components (can be placed elsewhere) Gain flattening filter* Variable optical attenuator* PIN-PD* Tap coupler dB IEC 660/09 Figure 1 Example of the components inside an EDFA operating in a co-propagating pumping scheme 5 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, th
37、e following terms and definitions apply. 5.1 Active fibre The active fibre is used as gain media in OFA. Rare earth ion is generally doped in the core region of fibre to produce signal amplification, an Er 3+ion is applied for 1550-nm band OFA such as an erbium doped fibre amplifier (EDFA). Erbium d
38、oped fibre (EDF) absorbs light with a TR 61292-1 IEC:2009(E) 7 wavelength of 980 nm or 1 480 nm for pumping, and emits infrared light with a wavelength in the 1 550-nm region. Optical amplification is realized utilizing stimulated emission of 1 530-nm luminescence. 5.1.1 active fibre maximum input s
39、ignal power optical power level associated with the input signal above which the active fibre gets damaged, causing impossibility of normal operation 5.1.2 active fibre insertion loss at out-of-band wavelength active fibre insertion loss for a signal at out-of-band wavelength 5.1.3 active fibre pola
40、rization-dependent gain variation maximum fibre gain variation due to variation of the state of polarization of the input signal 5.1.4 active fibre PMD maximum PMD at the signal wavelength which is launched into the input port of the active fibre and exits from signal output port of the active fibre
41、, expressed in ps (pico second) NOTE 1 When an optical signal travels through an optical fibre, optical component or subsystem (such as an OFA), the change in the shape and width of the pulse due to the differential group delay (DGD) (the propagation delay difference between the two principal states
42、 of polarization (PSPs) and to the waveform distortion for each PSP, is due to PMD. PMD, together with polarization dependent loss (PDL) and polarization dependent gain (PDG), may introduce large waveform distortions leading to an unacceptable bit error ratio increase. NOTE 2 The level of PMD may de
43、pend on temperature and operating conditions. 5.1.5 active fibre mode field diameter as in ITU-T Recommendation G.650.1 and IEC/TR 61931 5.1.6 active fibre cut-off wavelength as in ITU-T Recommendation G.650.1 and IEC/TR 61931 5.1.7 active fibre cladding diameter as in ITU-T Recommendation G.650.1 a
44、nd IEC/TR 61931 5.1.8 active fibre cladding non-circularity as in ITU-T Recommendation G.650.1 and IEC/TR 61931 5.1.9 active fibre mode field concentricity error as in ITU-T Recommendation G.650.1 and IEC/TR 61931 5.1.10 active fibre composition composition of the active fibre, intended as the host
45、glass composition as well as the dopant element and its concentration 5.1.11 active fibre length length of the active fibre. Changing fibre length can optimize gain characteristics of EDFA 8 TR 61292-1 IEC:2009(E) 5.1.12 active fibre dopant distribution concentration of dopant rare-earth ions in the
46、 fibre as a function of the fibre radial coordinate 5.1.13 pumping efficiency for a given active fibre, the slope of the gain versus pump optical power curve under specified operating conditions 5.1.14 saturation pump power for a given active fibre, the pump optical power level above which the small
47、-signal gain shows no further increase 5.1.15 threshold pump power the minimum pump optical power necessary to reach a small-signal gain equal to 1 in a given active fibre when the fibre length is short enough so that the pump optical power remains constant along the fibre 5.1.16 active fibre operat
48、ing temperature temperature to be maintained for normal operating condition, given in the relevant detail specification NOTE Amplification characteristics of active fibre strongly depend on its temperature. Thus, EDF in the many EDFA unit is maintained with the certain constant temperature. Many EDF
49、A units include heater device or TEC in order to control active fibre temperature. Fibre operating temperatures of 40 C 70 C are usually specified as operating temperature. Some of fixed gain EDFAs (especially smaller packaged EDFA), do not include this feature. 5.2 Pump laser A pump laser is used to provide excitation energy for active fibre. By introducing the strong pumping light from a pump laser to active fibre, the signal light will be am
