1、 IEC 62464-2 Edition 1.0 2010-11 INTERNATIONAL STANDARD NORME INTERNATIONALE Magnetic resonance equipment for medical imaging Part 2: Classification criteria for pulse sequences Appareils rsonance magntique utiliss pour limagerie mdicale Partie 2: Critres de classification pour les squences dimpulsi
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16、e FAQ du Service clients ou contactez-nous: Email: csciec.ch Tl.: +41 22 919 02 11 Fax: +41 22 919 03 00 IEC 62464-2 Edition 1.0 2010-11 INTERNATIONAL STANDARD NORME INTERNATIONALE Magnetic resonance equipment for medical imaging Part 2: Classification criteria for pulse sequences Appareils rsonance
17、 magntique utiliss pour limagerie mdicale Partie 2: Critres de classification pour les squences dimpulsions INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION COMMISSION ELECTROTECHNIQUE INTERNATIONALE M ICS 11.040.55 PRICE CODE CODE PRIX ISBN 978-2-88912-239-4 Registered trademark of the International Elect
18、rotechnical Commission Marque dpose de la Commission Electrotechnique Internationale 2 62464-2 IEC:2010 CONTENTS FORE WORD 3 INTRODUCTION 5 1 Scop e 6 2 Normative references 6 3 Terms and definitions 6 4 PULSE SEQUENCE classification . 7 4.1 Gene ra l . 7 4.2 PULSE SEQUENCE type . 7 4.2.1 Genera l 7
19、 4.2.2 Notation . 8 4.3 Magnetisation modification 8 4.3.1 Genera l 8 4.3.2 Notation . 8 4.4 Dimensionality . 10 4.4.1 General 10 4.4.2 Notation . 10 4.5 Echo number . 10 4.5.1 General 10 4.5.2 Notation . 10 Annex A (informative) Examples of use of the PULSE SEQUENCE classification . 11 Bibliography
20、 . 12 Index of defined terms used in this standard . 13 Table 1 Magnetisation modification techniques . 9 Table A.1 MANUFACTURER-specific classification examples . 11 62464-2 IEC:2010 3 INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION _ MAGNETIC RESONANCE EQUIPMENT FOR MEDICAL IMAGING Part 2: Classificatio
21、n criteria for pulse sequences FOREWORD 1) The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) is a worldwide organization for standardization comprising all national electrotechnical committees (IEC National Committees). The object of IEC is to promote international co-operation on all questions co
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31、tention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this IEC Publication may be the subject of patent rights. IEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. International Standard IEC 62464-2 has been prepared by subcommittee 62B: Diagnostic imaging equ
32、ipment, of IEC technical committee 62: Electrical equipment in medical practice. The text of this standard is based on the following documents: FDIS Report on voting 62B/807/FDIS 62B/816/RVD Full information on the voting for the approval of this standard can be found in the report on voting indicat
33、ed in the above table. This publication has been drafted in accordance with the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2. 4 62464-2 IEC:2010 In this standard, the following print types are used: Requirements and definitions: roman type. Test specifications: italic type. Informative material appearing outside of t
34、ables, such as notes, examples and references: in smaller type. Normative text of tables is also in a smaller type. T ERMS DEFINED IN CAUSE 3 OF THE GENERAL STANDARD, IN THIS PARTICULAR STANDARD OR AS NOTED: SMALL CAPITALS. The verbal forms used in this standard conform to usage described in Annex H
35、 of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2. For the purposes of this standard, the auxiliary verb: “shall” means that compliance with a requirement or a test is mandatory for compliance with this standard; “should” means that compliance with a requirement or a test is recommended but is not mandatory for co
36、mpliance with this standard; “may” is used to describe a permissible way to achieve compliance with a requirement or test. The committee has decided that the contents of this publication will remain unchanged until the stability date indicated on the IEC web site under “http:/webstore.iec.ch“ in the
37、 data related to the specific publication. At this date, the publication will be reconfirmed, withdrawn, replaced by a revised edition, or amended. 62464-2 IEC:2010 5 INTRODUCTION Presently the MANUFACTURERS of MR EQUIPMENT use names for PULSE SEQUENCES which are adopted from the literature (e.g. SP
38、IN-ECHO) or are defined by the MANUFACTURER (e.g. FISP: fast imaging with steady state precession). In the absence of a classification standard for PULSE SEQUENCES, the MANUFACTURER-specific terminology complicates comparison of PULSE SEQUENCES. The DICOM standard allows the inclusion of PULSE SEQUE
39、NCE information with digital MAGNETIC RESONANCE (MR) images. This information helps with the interpretation of images. However, the DICOM standard allows MANUFACTURER-specific terminology. This International Standard specifies a concise MANUFACTURER-independent classification scheme for MR imaging P
40、ULSE SEQUENCES. In terms of MR imaging, the PULSE SEQUENCE is a chronology of RF-pulses, switching of gradient fields and data acquisition with the intention to create one or more images. As the exact chronology determines the image contrast, image artefacts and other properties of the image, it is
41、necessary to define a consistent and accurate PULSE SEQUENCE classification. The proposed PULSE SEQUENCE classification notation could be implemented as a new DICOM tag in addition to the existing MANUFACTURER-specific PULSE SEQUENCE name. This would facilitate end users access to this information.
42、Implementation as a new tag would ensure backward compatibility. 6 62464-2 IEC:2010 MAGNETIC RESONANCE EQUIPMENT FOR MEDICAL IMAGING Part 2 Classification criteria for pulse sequences 1 Scope This International Standard specifies the description of PULSE SEQUENCES of MAGNETIC RESONANCE imaging. NOTE
43、 The classification in this standard is suitable for: tender texts; image annotation; protocol definition; technical publications. This International Standard does not apply to MAGNETIC RESONANCE spectroscopy. The classification does not focus on image contrast (T1, T2, proton density), as this is d
44、efined by PULSE SEQUENCE parameters (e.g. repetition time, echo time) and is not a property of the PULSE SEQUENCE alone. The PULSE SEQUENCE classification does not specify the K-SPACE acquisition scheme, reconstruction algorithm or post-processing. 2 Normative references The following referenced doc
45、uments are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. IEC 60601-2-33:2010, Medical electrical equipment Part 2-33: Particular requi
46、rements for the basic safety and essential performance of magnetic resonance equipment for medical diagnosis IEC 60788:2004, Medical electrical equipment Glossary of defined terms 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in IEC 60601-2-33:2010, IEC 6
47、0788:2004 and the following apply. 3 . 1 pulse sequence chronology of radiofrequency-pulses, switching of magnetic field gradients, and data acquisition for the generation of one or more MAGNETIC RESONANCE images NOTE The terms “imaging sequence” or “sequence” are sometimes used as synonyms for PULS
48、E SEQUENCE. 3 . 2 transverse magnetisation magnetisation component perpendicular to the direction of the static magnetic field 3 . 3 longitudinal magnetisation magnetisation component parallel to the direction of the static magnetic field 62464-2 IEC:2010 7 3 . 4 k-space mathematical space in which
49、the Fourier transform of the image data is represented NOTE This is partially or totally filled with the sampled measurement data. 3 . 5 spin-echo SE refocused TRANSVERSE MAGNETISATION arising at time T after an excitation RF pulse and an additional RF-pulse at time T/2 NOTE The excitation pulse is typically a 90 RF pulse, and the additional refocusing pulse is typically a 180 RF pul
