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14、ATIONAL STANDARD IECCEINORME INTERNATIONALE62402First editionPremire dition2007-06Obsolescence management Application guide Gestion de lobsolescence Guide dapplication W Commission Electrotechnique InternationaleInternational Electrotechnical Commission PRICE CODE CODE PRIX For price, see current ca
15、taloguePour prix, voir catalogue en vigueur 2 62402 IEC:2007 CONTENTS FOREWORD.4 INTRODUCTION.6 1 Scope.7 2 Normative references .7 3 Terms, definitions and abbreviations 8 3.1 Definitions .8 3.2 Abbreviations 11 4 General principles 12 4.1 The obsolescence phase.12 4.2 Obsolescence management proce
16、ss .12 4.3 Documentation 14 5 Management responsibility .14 5.1 Management function on obsolescence .14 5.2 Meeting customer needs .15 5.3 Obsolescence contractual and regulatory implications.15 5.4 Obsolescence management planning 15 5.5 Responsibility16 5.6 Management review 16 6 Resources 16 7 Ma
17、naging obsolescence .16 7.1 Planning16 7.1.1 General .16 7.1.2 Obsolescence management plan contents.17 7.1.3 Obsolescence management in the context of risk management .17 7.1.4 Planning 18 7.1.5 Assessment of impact, cost and probability of obsolescence .19 7.1.6 Determining the main strategy .19 7
18、.1.7 Reactive strategy.20 7.1.8 Proactive strategy21 7.1.9 Budgetary provision.21 7.1.10 Reviewing the strategy 21 7.2 Customer related activities 22 7.3 Reactive strategy recovery options (see Figure 8) .22 7.3.1 Overview .22 7.3.2 Product search 22 7.3.3 Cannibalization23 7.3.4 Repair .23 7.3.5 De
19、sign revision23 7.3.6 Product obsolescence .24 7.4 Proactive strategy options .24 7.4.1 Design considerations .24 7.4.2 Technology transparency.24 7.4.3 Obsolescence monitoring 25 7.4.4 Planned system upgrades26 62402 IEC:2007 3 7.4.5 Lifetime buy.26 7.4.6 Additional factors affecting the choice of
20、obsolescence management programme options27 7.4.7 Skills training.27 7.5 Supply chain management 27 8 Measurement, analysis and improvement .27 9 Software obsolescence issues and strategies.28 9.1 Additional planning aspects for software28 9.1.1 Software and hardware similarities and differences .28
21、 9.1.2 Causes of software obsolescence29 9.1.3 Determining the main strategy to combat software obsolescence 30 9.1.4 Reactive strategy Do nothing until the need arises .31 9.1.5 Proactive strategy31 9.2 Relationship between the customer and the supplier .32 9.3 Reactive strategy recovery options (s
22、ee Figure 10) .32 9.3.1 Overview .32 9.3.2 Software search 32 9.3.3 Revision 32 9.3.4 Software obsolescence33 9.4 Proactive strategy as applied to software separable from hardware (see Figure 11) .33 9.4.1 Overview .33 9.4.2 Design considerations .33 9.4.3 Technology transparency/open systems 33 9.4
23、.4 Contract support34 9.4.5 Planned upgrades .34 9.4.6 Additional factors affecting choice of obsolescence management programme options34 Annex A (informative) Check list 36 Annex B (informative) Monitoring products37 Bibliography39 Figure 1 Availability phases .12 Figure 2 Process steps for managin
24、g obsolescence.13 Figure 3 Obsolescence management versus product life cycle.13 Figure 4 Relationship between OCM, OEM and the customer 14 Figure 5 Process steps in project risk management versus obsolescence management.18 Figure 6 Reactive versus proactive strategy.20 Figure 7 Proactive strategy 21
25、 Figure 8 Overview of reactive strategy recovery options 22 Figure 9 Reactive versus proactive strategy in relation to software obsolescence 31 Figure 10 Overview of recovery options .32 Figure 11 Proactive options overview (software) 33 Figure B.1 Simplified outline of monitoring of active electron
26、ic parts with suggested solutions (see 7.4.3) .38 4 62402 IEC:2007 INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION _ OBSOLESCENCE MANAGEMENT APPLICATION GUIDE FOREWORD 1) The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) is a worldwide organization for standardization comprising all national electrotech
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37、pendability. The text of this standard is based on the following documents: FDIS Report on voting 56/1189/FDIS 56/1205/RVD Full information on the voting for the approval of this standard can be found in the report on voting indicated in the above table. This publication has been drafted in accordan
38、ce with the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2. 62402 IEC:2007 5 The committee has decided that the contents of this publication will remain unchanged until the maintenance result date indicated on the IEC web site under “http:/webstore.iec.ch“ in the data related to the specific publication. At this date,
39、the publication will be reconfirmed; withdrawn; replaced by a revised edition, or amended. 6 62402 IEC:2007 INTRODUCTION Obsolescence affects all products and it impacts upon all stages of their life. The term product includes capital equipment; infrastructure; consumer durables; consumables; softwa
40、re products. Obsolescence is inevitable and it cannot be avoided, but forethought and careful planning can minimize its impact and its potential high costs. The objective of obsolescence management is to ensure that obsolescence is managed as an integral part of design, development, production and i
41、n-service support in order to minimize cost and detrimental impact throughout the product life cycle. Obsolescence presents itself in two ways: the item is no longer suitable for current demands, or the item is no longer available from the original manufacturer, e.g. due to economic constraints. Fro
42、m the users point of view, obsolescence then manifests itself as difficulty in obtaining supplies. If the end-user is the general public, it will be in the interest of the supplier to protect his brand image by having a defined obsolescence policy. Commercial-off-the-shelf (COTS) products and custom
43、 designed items, e.g. new design tools and new production processes, tend to have a much shorter life in terms of availability and supportability than in the past. With the increased use of commercial items in complex products expecting to have a long life cycle, it has become essential to include o
44、bsolescence management within programme plans from the earliest stages. Furthermore environmental considerations have the potential to affect the use of some materials during the life of the product and should be considered from the outset. Obsolescence management is essential to achieve optimum cos
45、t-effectiveness throughout the life cycle of a product. The purpose of this standard is to provide guidance on planning a cost effective obsolescence management process that takes into account essential factors to ensure product life cycle costs are considered and applied. Obsolescence management sh
46、ould also include the maintenance of the relevant knowledge and skill base sets. Clause 4 provides overview of the process and its relation to others. Clauses 5, 6 and 8 give guidance on management responsibility, resources, measurement and improvement with regard to obsolescence management. Clause
47、7 gives guidance on planning, strategies and options described for hardware (including integral software). Clause 9 gives guidance on planning, strategies and options for software that is separable from its hardware. 62402 IEC:2007 7 OBSOLESCENCE MANAGEMENT APPLICATION GUIDE 1 Scope This Internation
48、al Standard gives guidance for establishing a framework for obsolescence management and for planning a cost-effective obsolescence management process that is applicable through all phases of the product life cycle, the term product includes: capital equipment; infrastructure; consumer durables; cons
49、umables; software products. Obsolescence management covers the following areas: a) design of new products; b) new technology insertion into existing products; c) support and maintenance of legacy products. 2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the
