1、 IEC 62127-2 Edition 1.0 2017-03 INTERNATIONAL STANDARD NORME INTERNATIONALE Ultrasonics Hydrophones Part 2: Calibration for ultrasonic fields up to 40 MHz Ultrasons Hydrophones Partie 2: Etalonnage des champs ultrasoniques jusqu 40 MHz IEC 62127-2:2007-08/AMD2:2017-03(en-fr) AMENDMENT 2 AMENDEMENT
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19、entaires sur cette publication ou si vous avez des questions contactez-nous: csciec.ch. IEC 62127-2 Edition 1.0 2017-03 INTERNATIONAL STANDARD NORME INTERNATIONALE Ultrasonics Hydrophones Part 2: Calibration for ultrasonic fields up to 40 MHz Ultrasons Hydrophones Partie 2: Etalonnage des champs ult
20、rasoniques jusqu 40 MHz INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION COMMISSION ELECTROTECHNIQUE INTERNATIONALE ICS 17.140.50 ISBN 978-2-8322-3904-9 Registered trademark of the International Electrotechnical Commission Marque dpose de la Commission Electrotechnique Internationale Warning! Make sure tha
21、t you obtained this publication from an authorized distributor. Attention! Veuillez vous assurer que vous avez obtenu cette publication via un distributeur agr. AMENDMENT 2 AMENDEMENT 2 2 IEC 62127-2:2007/AMD2:2017 IEC 2017 FOREWORD This amendment has been prepared by IEC technical committee 87: Ult
22、rasonics. The text of this amendment is based on the following documents: CDV Report on voting 87/612/CDV 87/639/RVC Full information on the voting for the approval of this amendment can be found in the report on voting indicated in the above table. The committee has decided that the contents of thi
23、s amendment and the base publication will remain unchanged until the stability date indicated on the IEC website under “http:/webstore.iec.ch“ in the data related to the specific publication. At this date, the publication will be reconfirmed, withdrawn, replaced by a revised edition, or amended. _ 2
24、 Normative references Add the following new reference: IEC 61689, Ultrasonics Physiotherapy systems Field specifications and methods of measurement in the frequency range 0,5 MHz to 5 MHz 3 Terms, definitions and symbols 3.26 derived instantaneous intensity (added by Amendment 1) Delete the followin
25、g text below the term: “approximation of the instantaneous intensity“ Replace the existing four lines before Equation (1) by the following: quotient of squared instantaneous acoustic pressure and characteristic acoustic impedance of the medium at a particular instant in time at a particular point in
26、 an acoustic field IEC 62127-2:2007/AMD2:2017 3 IEC 20174 List of symbols Replace: c specific acoustic impedance by c characteristic acoustic impedance of the measurement liquid (water) Add the following new symbols: d 1distance between the auxiliary transducer and the reflector measured along the a
27、xis of symmetry d hdistance between the auxiliary transducer and the active element of the hydrophone measured along the axis of symmetry d mdistance between the auxiliary transducer and the last minimum of the acoustic pressure amplitude along the axis of symmetry of the auxiliary transducer R RTam
28、plitude reflection coefficient for the reflector/water interface Z RTcharacteristic acoustic impedance of the reflector J preciprocity coefficient for plane waves S t *apparent transmitting current response of an auxiliary transducer M t *apparent receiving voltage response of an auxiliary transduce
29、r p aacoustic pressure generated by a transducer at its surface p iacoustic pressure incident on a transducer surface p hacoustic pressure incident on the hydrophone surface I ttransmitting current driven to a transducer U tvoltage generated by a transducer in the receiving mode G thcorrection that
30、accounts for the diffraction in the propagation field and is related to the waveform generation by the transducer and the reception by the hydrophone G ttcorrection that accounts for the diffraction in the propagation field and is related to the generation and the reception by the transducer U loadv
31、oltage measured with the transducer coupled to the system I sccurrent measured over a short circuit jumper replacing the transducer 9 Free field reciprocity calibration 9.1 General Replace the existing text by the following: This clause specifies the primary reference measurement procedure (see JCGM
32、 200:2012, 2.8 79) calibration of hydrophones under free field conditions using the principle of reciprocity. Add the following new note: NOTE The free field condition can be achieved in a confined water space by following any of a variety of measurement procedures, such as with the use of tone-burs
33、t (time-gated sine wave see 10.5.3), time-delay spectrometry 63, 68, frequency modulated chirp 80, 81 or other techniques 82. 4 IEC 62127-2:2007/AMD2:2017 IEC 2017 9.4 Two-transducer reciprocity calibration method 9.4.1 Apparatus Replace the existing subclause title and text by the following: 9.4.1
34、Auxiliary transducers Circularly plane piston auxiliary transducers should be used to generate the ultrasonic field in the frequency range of interest, limited to the maximum range between 1 MHz and 15 MHz. The effective radiation area (A ER ) shall be determined, according to IEC 61689, for each tr
35、ansducer and at all frequencies the transducer is intended to be used. If a frequency modulated chirp is to be used as excitation signal, the A ERshall be determined at least in the minimum, maximum and one intermediate frequency in the range of interest. The position of the last minimum of acoustic
36、 pressure amplitude along the axis of symmetry, d m , shall be determined with an uncertainty not larger than 1 mm. It shall be done as an on- axis line scan, according to IEC 61689, at the same frequencies the A ERwas determined. The near field distance produced by the auxiliary transducer is defin
37、ed as N 1= a t 2 / , where is the ultrasonic wavelength in water at the frequency of operation and 2 m t 2 + = d a is the effective radius of the ultrasonic transducer. NOTE Focusing auxiliary transducers can be used, but several corrections need to be applied, and this document is only intended for
38、 plane-piston transducers. A detailed implementation of a reciprocity-based calibration method using focusing transducers can be found in 84. The effective radiation area (A ER ) is used in the equations of Annex K to properly assess the diffraction correction and the reciprocity coefficient for pla
39、ne waves, whilst the last minimum of pressure amplitude along the axis of symmetry (d m ) is used to indirectly define the near field distance (N 1 ), being N 1= (2 d m+ 2 )/ . Although both quantities A ERand d mare directly linked for ideal transducers, both shall be determined experimentally acco
40、rding to IEC 61689. 9.4.2 Procedure Replace the existing subclause title and text by the following: 9.4.2 Reflector The reflector should comprise a flat surface whose smallest linear dimension shall be at least four times the effective radius of the ultrasonic transducer a t . The reflector shall al
41、so be flat to 10 m, with a surface finish good to 5 m (surface roughness: R v 5 m; R p 5 m; R a 1 m). The thickness of the reflector shall be such that the first reflection from the rear surface will not interfere with that directly from the front surface for any of the excitation signals to be used
42、. Special attention shall be given for long burst or low-rate frequency modulated chirps, mainly at the lowest frequencies of interest. The amplitude reflection coefficient for the reflector/water interface R RTshall be experimentally determined, for instance by the relation R RT= (Z RT c)/(Z RT+ c)
43、, were c is the characteristic acoustic impedance of the water and Z RTis the characteristic acoustic impedance of the reflector. NOTE R vis the maximum valley depth, R pis the maximum peak height and R ais the arithmetic average describing the reflector profile roughness amplitude parameters. Add t
44、he following new subclauses: 9.4.3 Measurement field As both the auxiliary transducer and the hydrophone have finite apertures, a diffraction pattern is present in the ultrasonic field. To minimize uncertainties due to the analytical or IEC 62127-2:2007/AMD2:2017 5 IEC 2017numerical corrections to b
45、e applied to the measurement quantities, the nearest measurement shall be performed at least at 0,9 N 1 , and the furthest distance shall not be larger than 2,2 N 1 . Water-air surface and tank walls shall be far enough from the ultrasonic path such that any reflected waveform will not interfere wit
46、h the direct waveform at the measurement spot. If any structure is too close to the direct ultrasonic waveform path, it shall be covered with absorbing lining to minimize the interference with the measurement signal, and concern about that interference shall be included in the uncertainty budget. 9.
47、4.4 Reciprocity approach Reciprocity can be established as a primary hydrophone calibration method provided some practical and theoretical details are adopted. Annex K depicts the fundamentals of the reciprocity approach. 9.4.5 Measurement procedure Several distinct setups (see Annex K 83, 84, 85) c
48、ould be used regarding the positioning of the three main elements of the two-transducer reciprocity calibration method: auxiliary transducer, reflector and hydrophone. Regardless of the configuration adopted, the self-calibration of the auxiliary transducer is the first step, and it is done to quant
49、ify the acoustic pressure generated by the transducer in a defined spot in the ultrasonic field. 6 IEC 62127-2:2007/AMD2:2017 IEC 2017 Annex K (informative) Two-transducer reciprocity calibration method Replace the existing Annex K, added by Amendment 1, by the following: K.1 General The two-transducer reciprocity method involves the assessment of the acoustic pressure in a defined spot in
