1、 IEC 61703 Edition 2.0 2016-08 INTERNATIONAL STANDARD NORME INTERNATIONALE Mathematical expressions for reliability, availability, maintainability and maintenance support terms Expressions mathmatiques pour les termes de fiabilit, de disponibilit, de maintenabilit et de logistique de maintenance IEC
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19、nous donner des commentaires sur cette publication ou si vous avez des questions contactez-nous: csciec.ch. IEC 61703 Edition 2.0 2016-08 INTERNATIONAL STANDARD NORME INTERNATIONALE Mathematical expressions for reliability, availability, maintainability and maintenance support terms Expressions math
20、matiques pour les termes de fiabilit, de disponibilit, de maintenabilit et de logistique de maintenance INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION COMMISSION ELECTROTECHNIQUE INTERNATIONALE ICS 03.120.30; 21.020 ISBN 978-2-8322-3558-4 Registered trademark of the International Electrotechnical Commiss
21、ion Marque dpose de la Commission Electrotechnique Internationale Warning! Make sure that you obtained this publication from an authorized distributor. Attention! Veuillez vous assurer que vous avez obtenu cette publication via un distributeur agr. 2 IEC 61703:2016 IEC 2016 CONTENTS FOREWORD . 6 INT
22、RODUCTION . 8 1 Scope 9 2 Normative references. 10 3 Terms and definitions 10 4 Glossary of symbols and abbreviations 13 4.1 General . 13 4.2 Acronyms used in this standard . 13 4.3 Symbols used in this standard . 15 5 General models and assumptions 18 5.1 Constituents of up and down times 18 5.2 In
23、troduction to models and assumptions 19 5.3 State-transition approach 20 5.4 Model and assumptions for non-repairable individual items 22 5.5 Assumptions and model for repairable individual items . 23 5.5.1 Assumption for repairable individual items 23 5.5.2 Instantaneous repair 24 5.5.3 Non-instant
24、aneous repair . 25 5.6 Continuously operating items (COI) versus intermittently operating individual items (IOI) . 26 6 Mathematical models and expressions . 27 6.1 Systems 27 6.1.1 General . 27 6.1.2 Availability related expressions 29 6.1.3 Reliability related expressions 36 6.1.4 Mean operating t
25、ime between failures 192-05-13 and mean time between failures . 40 6.1.5 Instantaneous failure rate 192-05-06 and conditional failure intensity (Vesely failure rate) 41 6.1.6 Failure density and unconditional failure intensity 192-05-08 . 44 6.1.7 Comparison of (t), V (t), z(t) and f(t) for high and
26、 small MTTRs . 47 6.1.8 Restoration related expressions . 47 6.2 Non-repairable individual items 49 6.2.1 General . 49 6.2.2 Instantaneous availability 192-08-01 . 50 6.2.3 Reliability 192-05-05 50 6.2.4 Instantaneous failure rate 192-05-06 51 6.2.5 Mean failure rate 192-05-07 . 52 6.2.6 Mean operat
27、ing time to failure 192-05-11 53 6.3 Repairable individual items with zero time to restoration 54 6.3.1 General . 54 6.3.2 Reliability 192-05-05 54 6.3.3 Instantaneous failure intensity 192-05-08 56 6.3.4 Asymptotic failure intensity 192-05-10 58 6.3.5 Mean failure intensity 192-05-09 . 59 6.3.6 Mea
28、n time between failures (see 3.3) . 60 IEC 61703:2016 IEC 2016 3 6.3.7 Mean operating time to failure 192-05-11 60 6.3.8 Mean operating time between failures 192-05-13 61 6.3.9 Instantaneous availability 192-08-01, mean availability 192-08-05 and asymptotic availability 192-08-07 . 61 6.3.10 Mean up
29、 time 192-08-09 61 6.4 Repairable individual items with non-zero time to restoration 62 6.4.1 General . 62 6.4.2 Reliability 192-05-05 62 6.4.3 Instantaneous failure intensity 192-05-08 64 6.4.4 Asymptotic failure intensity 192-05-10 67 6.4.5 Mean failure intensity 192-05-09 . 68 6.4.6 Mean operatin
30、g time to failure 192-05-11 69 6.4.7 Mean time between failures (see 3.3) . 70 6.4.8 Mean operating time between failures 192-05-13 71 6.4.9 Instantaneous availability 192-08-01 . 71 6.4.10 Instantaneous unavailability 192-08-04 . 73 6.4.11 Mean availability 192-08-05 74 6.4.12 Mean unavailability 1
31、92-08-06 76 6.4.13 Asymptotic availability 192-08-07 . 78 6.4.14 Asymptotic unavailability 192-08-08 78 6.4.15 Mean up time 192-08-09 79 6.4.16 Mean down time 192-08-10 81 6.4.17 Maintainability 192-07-01 . 82 6.4.18 Instantaneous repair rate 192-07-20 . 84 6.4.19 Mean repair time 192-07-21 . 86 6.4
32、.20 Mean active corrective maintenance time 192-07-22 . 87 6.4.21 Mean time to restoration 192-07-23 88 6.4.22 Mean administrative delay 192-07-26 . 89 6.4.23 Mean logistic delay 192-07-27 90 Annex A (informative) Performance aspects and descriptors . 91 Annex B (informative) Summary of measures rel
33、ated to time to failure 92 Annex C (informative) Comparison of some dependability measures for continuously operating items . 95 Bibliography . 97 Figure 1 Constituents of up time . 18 Figure 2 Constituents of down time. 19 Figure 3 Acronyms related to failure times 19 Figure 4 Simple state-transiti
34、on diagram . 21 Figure 5 Sample realization (chronogram) related to the system in Figure 4 22 Figure 6 State-transition diagram of a non-repairable individual item . 22 Figure 7 Sample realization of a non-repairable individual item . 23 Figure 8 State-transition diagram of an instantaneously repair
35、able individual item . 24 Figure 9 Sample realization of a repairable individual item with zero time to restoration 25 Figure 10 State-transition diagram of a repairable individual item 25 4 IEC 61703:2016 IEC 2016 Figure 11 Sample realization of a repairable individual item with non-zero time to re
36、storation 26 Figure 12 Comparison of an enabled time for a COI and an IOI . 26 Figure 13 Equivalent operating time for IOI items 27 Figure 14 State-transition graph for a simple redundant system 27 Figure 15 Markov graph for a simple redundant system 28 Figure 16 Evolution of the state probabilities
37、 related to the Markov model in Figure 15 28 Figure 17 Evolution of A(t) and U(t) related to the Markov model in Figure 15 29 Figure 18 Evolution of the Ast i (0, t) related to the Markov model in Figure 15 31 Figure 19 Instantaneous availability and mean availability of a periodically tested item 3
38、3 Figure 20 Example of a simple production system . 34 Figure 21 Evolution of A(t) and K(t) 35 Figure 22 Illustration of a system reliable behaviour over 0, t 36 Figure 23 Illustration of a system reliable behaviour over time interval t 1 , t 2 37 Figure 24 State-transition and Markov graphs for rel
39、iability calculations 37 Figure 25 Evolution of the state probabilities related to the Markov model in Figure 24 38 Figure 26 Evolution of R(t) and F(t) related to the Markov model in Figure 24 39 Figure 27 Evolution of Ast i (0, t) related to the Markov model in Figure 24 40 Figure 28 Time between
40、failures versus operating time between failures . 40 Figure 29 Comparison between (t) and V (t) related to the model in Figure 24 43 Figure 30 Comparison between z(t) and f(t) 46 Figure 31 Comparison of (t), V (t), z(t) and f(t) for high and small values of MTTRs . 47 Figure 32 Illustration of relia
41、ble behaviour over t 1 , t 2 for a zero time to restoration individual item 55 Figure 33 Sample of possible number of failures at the renewal time t . 56 Figure 34 Illustration of reliable behaviour over t 1 , t 2 for a non-zero time to restoration individual item . 62 Figure 35 Evolution of R(t, t
42、+ 1/4) 64 Figure 36 Sample of possible number of failures at the renewal time t . 64 Figure 37 Evolution of the failure intensity z(t) 66 Figure 38 Evolution of the mean failure intensity z(t, t + 1/4) 69 Figure 39 Illustration of available behaviour at time tfor a non-zero time to restoration indiv
43、idual item . 71 Figure 40 Evolution of the instantaneous availability A(t) . 73 Figure 41 Illustration of unavailable behaviour at time tfor a non-zero time to restoration individual item . 73 Figure 42 Evolution of the instantaneous unavailability U(t) . 74 Figure 43 Evolution of the mean availabil
44、ity ( ) 4 1/ , + t t A 76 Figure 44 Evolution of the mean unavailability ( ) 4 1/ , + t t U 77 Figure 45 Sample realization of the individual item state . 80 Figure 46 Plot of the up-time hazard rate function ) ( U t 80 Figure 47 Evolution of the maintainability M(t, t+16h) 84 Figure 48 Evolution of
45、 the lognormal repair rate (t) . 86 IEC 61703:2016 IEC 2016 5 Figure A.1 Performance aspects and descriptors 91 Table B.1 Relations among measures related to time to failure of continuously operating items . 92 Table B.2 Summary of characteristics for some continuous probability distributions of tim
46、e to failure of continuously operating items 93 Table B.3 Summary of characteristics for some probability distributions of repair time . 94 Table C.1 Comparison of some dependability measures of continuously operating items with constant failure rate and restoration rate R95 6 IEC 61703:2016 IEC 201
47、6 INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION _ MATHEMATICAL EXPRESSIONS FOR RELIABILITY, AVAILABILITY, MAINTAINABILITY AND MAINTENANCE SUPPORT TERMS FOREWORD 1) The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) is a worldwide organization for standardization comprising all national electrotechnical
48、 committees (IEC National Committees). The object of IEC is to promote international co-operation on all questions concerning standardization in the electrical and electronic fields. To this end and in addition to other activities, IEC publishes International Standards, Technical Specifications, Technical Reports, Publicly Available Specifications (PAS) and Guides (hereafter referred to as “IEC Publication(s)”). Their preparation is entrusted to technical committees; any IEC National Committee interested in the subject dealt with may participat
