1、INTERNATIONAL STANDARD IEC 61683 First edition 1999-11 Photovoltaic systems Power conditioners Procedure for measuring efficiency Systmes photovoltaques Conditionneurs de puissance Procdure de mesure du rendement Reference number IEC 61683:1999(E)Numbering As from 1 January 1997 all IEC publications
2、 are issued with a designation in the 60000 series. Consolidated publications Consolidated versions of some IEC publications including amendments are available. For example, edition numbers 1.0, 1.1 and 1.2 refer, respectively, to the base publication, the base publication incorporating amendment 1
3、and the base publication incorporating amendments 1 and 2. Validity of this publication The technical content of IEC publications is kept under constant review by the IEC, thus ensuring that the content reflects current technology. Information relating to the date of the reconfirmation of the public
4、ation is available in the IEC catalogue. Information on the subjects under consideration and work in progress undertaken by the technical committee which has prepared this publication, as well as the list of publications issued, is to be found at the following IEC sources: IEC web site* Catalogue of
5、 IEC publications Published yearly with regular updates (On-line catalogue)* IEC Bulletin Available both at the IEC web site* and as a printed periodical Terminology, graphical and letter symbols For general terminology, readers are referred to IEC 60050: International Electrotechnical Vocabulary (I
6、EV). For graphical symbols, and letter symbols and signs approved by the IEC for general use, readers are referred to publications IEC 60027: Letter symbols to be used in electrical technology, IEC 60417: Graphical symbols for use on equipment. Index, survey and compilation of the single sheets and
7、IEC 60617: Graphical symbols for diagrams. * See web site address on title page.INTERNATIONAL STANDARD IEC 61683 First edition 1999-11 Photovoltaic systems Power conditioners Procedure for measuring efficiency Systmes photovoltaques Conditionneurs de puissance Procdure de mesure du rendementCommissi
8、on Electrotechnique InternationaleInternational Electrotechnical Commission PRICE CODE IEC 1999 Copyright - all rights reserved No part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without permission in
9、 writing from the publisher. International Electrotechnical Commission 3, rue de Varemb Geneva, Switzerland Telefax: +41 22 919 0300 e-mail: inmailiec.ch IEC web site http: /www.iec.ch R For price, see current catalogue 2 61683 IEC:1999(E) CONTENTS Page FOREWORD 3 INTRODUCTION 4 Clause 1 Scope 5 2 N
10、ormative reference 5 3 Definitions 5 4 Efficiency measurement conditions 6 4.1 DC power source for testing 6 4.2 Temperature . 6 4.3 Output voltage and frequency . 6 4.4 Input voltage. 7 4.5 Ripple and distortion. 7 4.6 Resistive loads/utility grid . 7 4.7 Reactive loads 7 4.8 Resistive plus non-lin
11、ear loads . 8 4.9 Complex loads 8 5 Efficiency calculations 8 5.1 Rated output efficiency . 8 5.2 Partial output efficiency. 8 5.3 Energy efficiency 9 5.4 Efficiency tolerances. 9 6 Efficiency test circuits 9 6.1 Test circuits 9 6.2 Measurement procedure . 10 7 Loss measurement. 10 7.1 No-load loss
12、. 10 7.2 Standby loss. 11 Annex A (informative) Power conditioner description 12 Annex B (informative) Power efficiency and conversion factor 14 Annex C (informative) Weighted-average energy efficiency 16 Annex D (informative) Derivation of efficiency tolerance in table 2 19 Bibliography 2061683 IEC
13、:1999(E) 3 INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION _ PHOTOVOLTAIC SYSTEMS POWER CONDITIONERS PROCEDURE FOR MEASURING EFFICIENCY FOREWORD 1) The IEC (International Electrotechnical Commission) is a worldwide organization for standardization comprising all national electrotechnical committees (IEC N
14、ational Committees). The object of the IEC is to promote international co-operation on all questions concerning standardization in the electrical and electronic fields. To this end and in addition to other activities, the IEC publishes International Standards. Their preparation is entrusted to techn
15、ical committees; any IEC National Committee interested in the subject dealt with may participate in this preparatory work. International, governmental and non-governmental organizations liaising with the IEC also participate in this preparation. The IEC collaborates closely with the International Or
16、ganization for Standardization (ISO) in accordance with conditions determined by agreement between the two organizations. 2) The formal decisions or agreements of the IEC on technical matters express, as nearly as possible, an international consensus of opinion on the relevant subjects since each te
17、chnical committee has representation from all interested National Committees. 3) The documents produced have the form of recommendations for international use and are published in the form of standards, technical specifications, technical reports or guides and they are accepted by the National Commi
18、ttees in that sense. 4) In order to promote international unification, IEC National Committees undertake to apply IEC International Standards transparently to the maximum extent possible in their national and regional standards. Any divergence between the IEC Standard and the corresponding national
19、or regional standard shall be clearly indicated in the latter. 5) The IEC provides no marking procedure to indicate its approval and cannot be rendered responsible for any equipment declared to be in conformity with one of its standards. 6) Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elem
20、ents of this International Standard may be the subject of patent rights. The IEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. International Standard IEC 61683 has been prepared by IEC technical committee 82: Solar photovoltaic energy systems. The text of this standard
21、 is based on the following documents: FDIS Report on voting 82/229/FDIS 82/233/RVD Full information on the voting for the approval of this standard can be found in the report on voting indicated in the above table. This publication has been drafted in accordance with the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 3.
22、Annexes A, B, C and D are for information only. A bilingual version of this standard may be issued at a later date. The committee has decided that this publication remains valid until 2003. At this date, in accordance with the committees decision, the publication will be reconfirmed; withdrawn; repl
23、aced by a revised edition, or amended. 4 61683 IEC:1999(E) INTRODUCTION Among the principal characteristics of power conditioners, efficiency is considered as an important factor. A standardized procedure for measuring the efficiency of power conditioners is necessary for their widespread use in pho
24、tovoltaic systems by increasing the reliability of their claimed efficiency. Generally speaking, power conditioner efficiency is affected by the following parameters: power level; input voltage; output voltage; power factor; harmonic content; load non-linearity; temperature. These parameters are con
25、sidered to be included in the test condition of this standard explicitly or implicitly. The purpose of this standard is to provide the means to evaluate the intrinsic efficiency of power conditioners by a direct measurement of input and output power in the factory. Therefore, indirect items such as
26、maximum power-point tracking accuracy are outside the scope of this document. It is expected that those will be dealt with in future relevant IEC standard(s).61683 IEC:1999(E) 5 PHOTOVOLTAIC SYSTEMS POWER CONDITIONERS PROCEDURE FOR MEASURING EFFICIENCY 1 Scope This standard describes guidelines for
27、measuring the efficiency of power conditioners used in stand-alone and utility-interactive photovoltaic systems, where the output of the power conditioner is a stable a.c. voltage of constant frequency or a stable d.c. voltage. The efficiency is calculated from a direct measurement of input and outp
28、ut power in the factory. An isolation transformer is included where it is applicable. 2 Normative reference The following normative documents contain provisions which, through reference in this text, constitute provisions of this International Standard. For dated references, subsequent amendments to
29、, or revisions of, any of these publications do not apply. However, parties to agreements based on this International Standard are encouraged to investigate the possibility of applying the most recent editions of the normative documents indicated below. For undated references, the latest edition of
30、the normative document referred to applies. Members of IEC and ISO maintain registers of currently valid International Standards. IEC 60146-1-1:1991, Semiconductor convertors General requirements and line commutated convertors Part 1-1: Specifications of basic requirements 3 Definitions For the purp
31、oses of this standard, the following definitions apply. All efficiency definitions are applied to electric power conversion alone and do not consider any heat production. The above normative references contain other definitions. In annex A, the definition of power conditioner is given. Power efficie
32、ncy and conversion factor are explained in annex B. 3.1 rated output efficiency ratio of output power to input power when the power conditioner is operating at its rated output 3.2 partial output efficiency ratio of output power to input power when the power conditioner is operating below its rated
33、output 3.3 energy efficiency ratio of output energy to input energy during an identified period 6 61683 IEC:1999(E) 3.4 efficiency tolerance permissible tolerance between the manufacturers specified efficiency and the measured efficiency 3.5 PV array simulator simulator which has I-V characteristics
34、 equivalent to a PV array 3.6 no-load loss input power of the power conditioner when its load is disconnected or its output power is zero 3.7 standby loss for a utility interactive power conditioner, power drawn from the utility grid when the power conditioner is in standby mode. For a stand-alone p
35、ower conditioner, d.c. input power when the power conditioner is in standby mode 3.8 maximum power point tracking (MPPT) control strategy whereby the power conditioner input voltage is always at or near the maximum power point of the PV array 4 Efficiency measurement conditions Efficiency shall be m
36、easured under the matrix of conditions as described in the following clauses and table 1. Specific conditions may be excluded by mutual agreement when those conditions are outside the manufacturers allowable operating range. The resulting data shall be presented in tabular form and may also be prese
37、nted graphically. NOTE For example, stand-alone power conditioners are typically designed to handle short-term overload signifi- cantly above the rated power. The test at 120 % of rated capacity is included to give an indication of the performance of the power conditioner under these conditions. Som
38、e power conditioners are not designed to provide more than their rated output and might be damaged if operated at 120 % of rated capacity. In such cases, test documentation shall note that the test was excluded due to limitation in the power conditioner. 4.1 DC power source for testing For power con
39、ditioners operating with fixed input voltage, the d.c. power source shall be a storage battery or constant voltage power source to maintain the input voltage. For power conditioners that employ maximum power point tracking (MPPT) and shunt-type power conditioners, either a photovoltaic array or a ph
40、otovoltaic array simulator shall be utilized. 4.2 Temperature All measurements are to be made at an ambient temperature of 25 C 2 C. Other ambient temperatures may be allowed by mutual agreement. However, the temperature used must be clearly stated in all documentation. 4.3 Output voltage and freque
41、ncy The output voltage and frequency shall be maintained at the manufacturers stated nominal values.61683 IEC:1999(E) 7 Table 1 Efficiency recording sheet Input voltage: _(_ V) Total load, % of rated VA 5 10 25 50 75 100 120 Grid-connected Resistive load ()* () () () () () Stand-alone Resistive load
42、 () () () () () () () Reactive load PF = 0,25 or minimum PF = 0,50 ( minimum) PF = 0,75 ( minimum) () () () () () () () () () Non-linear load NL = 25 % of rated VA NL = 50 % of rated VA () () () () () Complex load () () * The symbol () denotes a condition to be tested. 4.4 Input voltage Measurements
43、 performed in each of the following tests shall be repeated at three power conditioner input voltages: a) manufacturers minimum rated input voltage; b) the inverters nominal voltage or the average of its rated input range; c) 90 % of the inverters maximum input voltage. In the case where a power con
44、ditioner is to be connected with a battery at its input terminals, only the nominal or rated input voltage may be applied. 4.5 Ripple and distortion Record input voltage and current ripple for each measurement. Also record output voltage and current distortion (if a.c.) or ripple (if d.c.). Ensure t
45、hat these measurements remain within the manufacturers specified values. Note that ripple and distortion may not be specified at low power levels, but readings shall be recorded. 4.6 Resistive loads/utility grid At unity power factor, or at the intrinsic power factor of grid-connected inverters with
46、out power factor adjustment, measure the efficiency for power levels of 10 %, 25 %, 50 %, 75 %, 100 % and 120 % of the inverters rating. Stand-alone inverters shall also be measured at a power level of 5 % of rated. The power conditioner test should be conducted with a specified resistive and reacti
47、ve grid impedance. 4.7 Reactive loads For stand-alone inverters, measure the efficiency with a load which provides a power factor equal to the manufacturers specified minimum level (or 0,25, whichever is greater) and at power levels of 25 %, 50 % and 100 % of rated VA. Repeat for power factors of 0,
48、5 and 0,75 (do not go below the manufacturers specified minimum PF) and power levels of 25 %, 50 %, and 100 % of rated VA. 8 61683 IEC:1999(E) 4.8 Resistive plus non-linear loads For stand-alone inverters, measure the efficiency with a fixed non-linear load (total harmonic distortion (THD) = (80 5)
49、%) equal to (25 5) % of the inverters rated VA plus sufficient resistive load in parallel to achieve a total load of 25 %, 50 % and 100 % of rated VA. Repeat the measurements with a fixed non-linear load equivalent to (50 5) % of the inverters rated VA plus sufficient resistive load in parallel to achieve a total load of 50 % and 100 % of rated VA. The type of non-linear load must be clearl
