1、 IEC 61400-12-1 Edition 2.0 2017-03REDLINE VERSIONWind turbines energy generation systems Part 12-1: Power performance measurements of electricity producing wind turbines IEC 61400-12-1:2017-03 RLV(en) colour inside THIS PUBLICATION IS COPYRIGHT PROTECTED Copyright 2017 IEC, Geneva, Switzerland All
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11、nts of electricity producing wind turbines INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION ICS 27.180 ISBN 978-2-8322-4081-6 Registered trademark of the International Electrotechnical Commission Warning! Make sure that you obtained this publication from an authorized distributor. colour inside 2 IEC 61400
12、-12-1:2017 RLV IEC 2017 CONTENTS FOREWORD . 14 INTRODUCTION . 17 1 Scope 18 2 Normative references 18 3 Terms and definitions 19 4 Symbols and units . 23 5 Power performance method overview 26 6 Preparation for performance test . 30 6.1 General . 30 6.2 Wind turbine and electrical connection 30 6.3
13、Test site 30 6.3.1 General . 30 6.3.2 Location of the meteorological mast wind measurement equipment . 30 6.3.3 Measurement sector 31 6.3.4 Correction factors and uncertainty due to flow distortion originating from topography 31 7 Test equipment 32 7.1 Electric power . 32 7.2 Wind speed . 32 7.2.1 G
14、eneral . 32 7.2.2 General requirements for meteorological mast mounted anemometers 34 7.2.3 Top-mounted anemometers . 34 7.2.4 Side-mounted anemometers 35 7.2.5 Remote sensing device (RSD) . 35 7.2.6 Rotor equivalent wind speed measurement 35 7.2.7 Hub height wind speed measurement 36 7.2.8 Wind she
15、ar measurements 36 7.3 Wind direction . 38 7.4 Air density. 38 7.5 Rotational speed and pitch angle 39 7.6 Blade condition . 39 7.7 Wind turbine control system 39 7.8 Data acquisition system 39 8 Measurement procedure 39 8.1 General . 39 8.2 Wind turbine operation 40 8.3 Data collection 40 8.4 Data
16、rejection . 40 8.5 Data correction . 8.5 Database 41 9 Derived results 42 9.1 Data normalisation 42 9.1.1 General . 42 9.1.2 Correction for meteorological mast flow distortion of side-mounted anemometer 43 9.1.3 Wind shear correction (when REWS measurements available) 43 IEC 61400-12-1:2017 RLV IEC
17、2017 3 9.1.4 Wind veer correction 46 9.1.5 Air density normalisation 46 9.1.6 Turbulence normalisation . 47 9.2 Determination of the measured power curve . 47 9.3 Annual energy production (AEP) 48 9.4 Power coefficient 50 10 Reporting format 50 Annex A (normative) Assessment of influences caused by
18、wind turbines and obstacles at the test site . 66 A.1 General . 66 A.2 Requirements regarding neighbouring and operating wind turbines . 66 A.3 Requirements regarding obstacles 67 A.4 Method for calculation of sectors to exclude 68 A.5 Special requirements for extended obstacles 71 Annex B (normativ
19、e) Assessment of terrain at the test site 72 Annex C (normative) Site calibration procedure . 75 C.1 General . 75 C.2 Overview of the procedure 76 C.3 Test set-up . 78 C.3.1 Considerations for selection of the test wind turbine and location of the meteorological mast. 78 C.3.2 Instrumentation 80 C.4
20、 Data acquisition and analysis rejection criteria 81 C.5 Selection of final measurement sector. C.5 Uncertainty Analysis . 82 C.5.1 Assessment of site shear conditions 82 C.5.2 Method 1: Bins of wind direction and wind shear 84 C.5.3 Method 2: Linear regression method where shear is not a significan
21、t influence 85 C.5.4 Additional calculations . 86 C.6 Report requirements Site calibration uncertainty . 87 C.6.1 Site calibration category A uncertainty . 87 C.6.2 Site calibration category B uncertainty . 88 C.6.3 Combined uncertainty 89 C.7 Quality checks and additional uncertainties . 89 C.7.1 C
22、onvergence check . 89 C.7.2 Correlation check for linear regression (see C.5.3) 89 C.7.3 Change in correction between adjacent wind direction bins . 89 C.7.4 Removal of the wind direction sensor between site calibration and power performance test . 90 C.7.5 Site calibration and power performance mea
23、surements in different seasons . 91 C.8 Verification of results 91 C.9 Site calibration examples 93 C.9.1 Example A . 93 C.9.2 Example B . 98 C.9.3 Example C . 105 Annex D (normative) Evaluation of uncertainty in measurement . 108 Annex E (informative) Theoretical basis for determining the uncertain
24、ty of measurement using the method of bins . 111 4 IEC 61400-12-1:2017 RLV IEC 2017 E.1 General . 111 E.2 Combining uncertainties 111 E.2.1 General . 111 E.2.2 Expanded uncertainty 113 E.2.3 Example Basis for the uncertainty assessment 114 E.3 Category A uncertainties . 119 E.3.1 General . 119 E.3.2
25、 Category A uncertainty in electric power 119 E.3.3 Category A uncertainties in climatic variations the site calibration 119 E.4 Category B uncertainties: Introduction and data acquisition system 120 E.4.1 Category B uncertainties: Introduction . 120 E.4.2 Category B uncertainties: data acquisition
26、system . 120 E.5 Category B uncertainties in electric power: Power output 121 E.5.1 General . 121 E.5.2 Category B uncertainties: Power output Current transformers . 121 E.5.3 Category B uncertainties: Power output Voltage transformers . 122 E.5.4 Category B uncertainties: Power Output Power transdu
27、cer or other power measurement device . 122 E.5.5 Category B uncertainties: Power output Data acquisition 123 E.6 Category B uncertainties: Wind speed Introduction and sensors 123 E.6.1 Category B uncertainties: Wind speed Introduction . 125 E.6.2 Category B uncertainties: Wind speed Hardware 125 E.
28、6.3 Category B uncertainties: Wind speed Meteorological mast mounted sensors 125 E.7 Category B uncertainties: Wind speed RSD . 128 E.7.1 General . 128 E.7.2 Category B uncertainties: Wind speed RSD Calibration . 128 E.7.3 Category B uncertainties: Wind speed RSD in-situ check . 129 E.7.4 Category B
29、 uncertainties: Wind speed RSD Classification . 129 E.7.5 Category B uncertainties: Wind speed RSD Mounting 130 E.7.6 Category B uncertainties: Wind speed RSD Flow variation . 131 E.7.7 Category B uncertainties: Wind speed RSD Monitoring test . 131 E.8 Category B uncertainties: Wind speed REWS 132 E
30、.8.1 General . 132 E.8.2 Category B uncertainties: Wind speed REWS Wind speed measurement over whole rotor . 132 E.8.3 Category B uncertainties: Wind speed REWS Wind veer 134 E.9 Category B uncertainties: Wind speed Terrain . 134 E.9.1 General . 134 E.9.2 Category B uncertainties: Wind speed Terrain
31、 Pre-calibration 135 E.9.3 Category B uncertainties: Wind speed Terrain Post-calibration 135 E.9.4 Category B uncertainties: Wind speed Terrain Classification 136 E.9.5 Category B uncertainties: Wind speed Terrain Mounting 136 E.9.6 Category B uncertainties: Wind speed Terrain Lightning finial 137 E
32、.9.7 Category B uncertainties: Wind speed Terrain Data acquisition . 137 E.9.8 Category B uncertainties: Wind speed Terrain Change in correction between adjacent bins . 137 E.9.9 Category B uncertainties: Wind speed Terrain Removal of WD sensor . 138 E.9.10 Category B uncertainties: Wind speed Terra
33、in Seasonal variation 138 IEC 61400-12-1:2017 RLV IEC 2017 5 E.10 Category B uncertainties: Air density 138 E.10.1 General . 138 E.10.2 Category B uncertainties: Air density Temperature introduction 140 E.10.3 Category B uncertainties: Air density Temperature Calibration . 141 E.10.4 Category B unce
34、rtainties: Air density Temperature Radiation shielding 141 E.10.5 Category B uncertainties: Air density Temperature Mounting . 141 E.10.6 Category B uncertainties: Air density Temperature Data acquisition. 141 E.10.7 Category B uncertainties: Air density Pressure introduction 141 E.10.8 Category B u
35、ncertainties: Air density Pressure Calibration . 142 E.10.9 Category B uncertainties: Air density Pressure Mounting . 142 E.10.10 Category B uncertainties: Air density Pressure Data acquisition 142 E.10.11 Category B uncertainties: Air density Relative humidity introduction . 143 E.10.12 Category B
36、uncertainties: Air density Relative humidity Calibration 144 E.10.13 Category B uncertainties: Air density Relative humidity Mounting 144 E.10.14 Category B uncertainties: Air Density Relative humidity Data acquisition . 144 E.10.15 Category B uncertainties: Air density Correction . 144 E.11 Categor
37、y B uncertainties: Method . 145 E.11.1 General . 145 E.11.2 Category B uncertainties: Method Wind conditions . 145 E.11.3 Category B uncertainties: Method Seasonal effects 150 E.11.4 Category B uncertainties: Method Turbulence normalisation (or the lack thereof) 151 E.11.5 Category B uncertainties:
38、Method Cold climate . 151 E.12 Category B uncertainties: Wind direction . 152 E.12.1 General . 152 E.12.2 Category B uncertainties: Wind direction Vane or sonic 152 E.12.3 Category B uncertainties: Wind direction RSD 154 E.13 Combining uncertainties 155 E.13.1 General . 155 E.13.2 Combining Category
39、 B uncertainties in electric power (u P,i ) 155 E.13.3 Combining uncertainties in the wind speed measurement (u V,i ) . 155 E.13.4 Combining uncertainties in the wind speed measurement from cup or sonic (u VS,i ) 155 E.13.5 Combining uncertainties in the wind speed measurement from RSD (u VR,i ) . 1
40、56 E.13.6 Combining uncertainties in the wind speed measurement from REWS u REWS,i156 E.13.7 Combining uncertainties in the wind speed measurement for REWS for either a meteorological mast significantly above hub height or an RSD with a lower-than-hub-height meteorological mast . 157 E.13.8 Combinin
41、g uncertainties in the wind speed measurement for REWS for a hub height meteorological mast + RSD for shear using an absolute wind speed 160 E.13.9 Combining uncertainties in the wind speed measurement for REWS for a hub height meteorological mast and RSD for shear using a relative wind speed 161 E.
42、13.10 Combining uncertainties in the wind speed measurement from REWS due to wind veer across the whole rotor u REWS,veer,i163 E.13.11 Combining uncertainties in the wind speed measurement from flow distortion due to site calibration u VT,i166 6 IEC 61400-12-1:2017 RLV IEC 2017 E.13.12 Combining unc
43、ertainties for the temperature measurement u T,i. 167 E.13.13 Combining uncertainties for the pressure measurement u B,i168 E.13.14 Combining uncertainties for the humidity measurement u RH,i168 E.13.15 Combining uncertainties for the method related components u M,i169 E.13.16 Combining uncertaintie
44、s for the wind direction measurement with wind vane or sonic anemometer u WV,i169 E.13.17 Combining uncertainties for the wind direction measurement with RSD u WR,i169 E.13.18 Combined category B uncertainties 170 E.13.19 Combined standard uncertainty Power curve 170 E.13.20 Combined standard uncert
45、ainty Energy production . 170 E.14 Relevance of uncertainty components under specified conditions . 171 E.15 Reference tables . 172 Annex F (normative) Cup anemometer Wind tunnel calibration procedure for anemometers . 181 F.1 General requirements . 181 F.2 Requirements to the wind tunnel . 181 F.3
46、Instrumentation and calibration set-up requirements . 183 F.4 Calibration procedure 184 F.4.1 General procedure cup and sonic anemometers 184 F.4.2 Procedure for the calibration of sonic anemometers . 184 F.4.3 Determination of the wind speed at the anemometer position 185 F.5 Data analysis 186 F.6
47、Uncertainty analysis 186 F.7 Reporting format . 187 F.8 Example uncertainty calculation 188 Annex G (normative) Mounting of instruments on the meteorological mast . 193 G.1 General . 193 G.2 Preferred method of top mounting of Single top-mounted anemometer 193 G.3 Alternative method of top-mounting
48、of Side-by-side top-mounted anemometers 196 G.4 Boom mounting of cup anemometers Side-mounted instruments . 198 G.4.1 General . 198 G.4.2 Tubular meteorological masts 198 G.4.3 Lattice meteorological masts . 200 G.5 Lightning protection 205 G.6 Mounting of other meteorological instruments . 205 Anne
49、x H (normative) Power performance testing of small wind turbines . 207 H.1 General . 207 H.2 Definitions. 207 H.3 Wind turbine system definition and installation 207 H.4 Meteorological mast location . 208 H.5 Test equipment . 209 H.6 Measurement procedure . 210 H.7 Derived results 210 H.8 Reporting 211 H.9 Annex A Assessment of influence cause by wind turbines and obstacles at the test site . 2
