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16、919 03 00 IEC 60505 Edition 4.0 2011-07 INTERNATIONAL STANDARD NORME INTERNATIONALE Evaluation and qualification of electrical insulation systems valuation et qualification des systmes disolation lectrique INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION COMMISSION ELECTROTECHNIQUE INTERNATIONALE XC ICS 29
17、.080.30 PRICE CODE CODE PRIX ISBN 978-2-88912-539-5 Registered trademark of the International Electrotechnical Commission Marque dpose de la Commission Electrotechnique Internationale colour inside 2 60505 IEC:2011 CONTENTS FOREWORD . 5 INTRODUCTION . 7 1 Scope . 9 2 Normative references . 9 3 Terms
18、 and definitions . 9 3.1 General terms . 10 3.2 Terms related to service stresses and ageing 10 3.3 Terms related to testing . 11 4 Ageing 12 4.1 Ageing mechanism 12 4.2 Assessment of ageing mechanisms . 14 4.3 Electrical ageing 15 4.4 Thermal ageing . 17 4.5 Mechanical ageing 19 4.6 Environmental a
19、geing 21 4.7 Accelerated ageing 22 4.8 Multifactor ageing 23 5 Basic evaluation considerations 23 5.1 Elements for preparing an evaluation method 23 5.1.1 Object . 23 5.1.2 Service conditions . 23 5.1.3 Life values . 24 5.2 Types of evaluation procedures . 24 5.3 Choice of the test object 26 5.4 Exp
20、erimental test procedures 26 5.5 Conclusions for standardization practices 27 6 Functional ageing tests. 27 6.1 Test objects. 27 6.1.1 Construction of test objects . 27 6.1.2 Number of test objects . 28 6.1.3 Quality assurance tests . 28 6.1.4 Preconditioning subcycle . 28 6.1.5 Initial diagnostic t
21、ests 28 6.1.6 Reference EIS . 28 6.2 Test conditions 28 6.2.1 Continuous and cyclic testing 28 6.2.2 Levels of test stresses, ageing factors and diagnostic factors 29 6.3 Determination of EIS service life . 29 6.3.1 Extrapolation of life test results . 29 6.3.2 Comparison of life test data . 29 6.4
22、Diagnostics . 30 6.4.1 Diagnostic tests End point criteria. 30 6.4.2 Additional specific tests . 31 6.5 Analysing the data . 31 6.6 Test report 31 Annex A (informative) Glossary 32 60505 IEC:2011 3 Bibliography 71 Figure 1 Ageing of an EIS 13 Figure 2 Intrinsic/extrinsic electrical ageing of practic
23、al EIS . 15 Figure 3 Intrinsic/extrinsic thermal ageing of practical EIS . 17 Figure 4 Intrinsic/extrinsic mechanical ageing of practical EIS . 20 Figure 5 Intrinsic/extrinsic environmental ageing of practical EIS . 22 Figure 6 Elements of evaluation methods . 23 Figure 7 Type of evaluation procedur
24、e . 25 Figure 8 Selection of test object . 26 Figure 9 Establishing the test method 27 Figure A.1 Surface abrasion damage . 32 Figure A.2 Surface enamel peeling like string . 32 Figure A.3 Scheme of the measurement set-up for the charging/discharging current 33 Figure A.4 Example of sample preparati
25、on . 33 Figure A.5 Charging/discharging current on HDPE film 34 Figure A.6 Property versus time behaviour, detection of threshold (end point, p L ) and maintenance time . 35 Figure A.7 Correspondence between the ageing plots of the property p (in red), obtained at different stress levels, and the re
26、sulting life line . 35 Figure A.8 Example of charge injection of positive carriers (holes) from the anode and of negative charge carriers (electrons) from the cathode in a PE flat specimen, detected by space charge measurement performed by PEA method . 36 Figure A.9 Stress-strain curve for a typical
27、 material . 37 Figure A.10 Scheme of measurement set- up for charging/discharging current 38 Figure A.11 Example of sample preparation . 38 Figure A.12 Charging/discharging current on HDPE film 38 Figure A.13 Charging current at 135 C and different values of DC electrical field . 39 Figure A.14 Char
28、ging current at 120 C and different values of DC electrical field . 39 Figure A.15 Corona at post insulator head 40 Figure A.16 Corona on top and arcing to ground 40 Figure A.17 Stages of mechanical ductile fracture (cracking) (Source unknown) . 41 Figure A.18 Photo showing orderings in epoxy struct
29、ure and void 42 Figure A.19 Discharge between conductors through air 44 Figure A.20 Paper insulation degraded by electrical surface discharges 44 Figure A.21 Example of electric strength test on XLPE sample 0,2 mm thick . 45 Figure A.22 Two parameters Weibull plot electric strength results performed
30、 on seven XLPE specimens, 0,2 mm thick 45 Figure A.23 Loss angle of a dielectric 47 Figure A.24 Loss factor for pre-treated and thermally aged (at 110 C and 130 C) XLPE cables measured at 90 C plotted vs. frequency 47 Figure A.25 Field lines from a positive charge above a plane conductor . 48 Figure
31、 A.26 Electrical tree 49 Figure A.27 EPDM ashing and erosion on fitting 50 Figure A.28 Failing external insulation . 51 4 60505 IEC:2011 Figure A.29 Failing external insulation . 51 Figure A.30 Critical failure of solid cable insulation (XLPE) by electrical breakdown . 52 Figure A.31 Example flashov
32、er 53 Figure A.32 Substation Outdoor installation 54 Figure A.34 Internal interfaces in epoxy structure and void 56 Figure A.35 Example of craze and crack development in an inter-lamellar space under mechanical tension T 57 Figure A.36 Water treeing 58 Figure A.37 After 11 years in service UV and mo
33、isture impact . 59 Figure A.38 Random (amorphous) structure of a molecular chain 59 Figure A.39 Oriented structure (semi-crystalline) of a molecular chain . 59 Figure A.40 Typical morphology of melt-grown polyethylene spherulites 60 Figure A.41 Areas in which PD generally occur 61 Figure A.42 Classe
34、s of defect Internal, surface and corona PD . 61 Figure A.43 Basic PD measurement circuit 62 Figure A.44 Examples of PD patterns relevant to internal, surface and corona PD . 62 Figure A.45 GIS research Metal conductor protrusion . 63 Figure A.46 Internally strained epoxy Frozen in strains in epoxy
35、resin due to thermal stress, measured by TMA curves . 64 Figure A.47 Externally strained parts in an on-load tap changer (OLTC) 64 Figure A.48 A material being loaded in a) compression, b) tension, c) shear 65 Figure A.49 Effect of thermal-mechanical stresses leading to interfacial electrical tracki
36、ng . 66 Figure A.50 Stress-strain curve for a typical material . 66 Figure A.51 Over crimped rod; breaks during tensile test . 67 Figure A.52 Typical installation fault 68 Figure A.53 Surface tracking on sheds and fitting end 68 Figure A.54 Vented trees Initiate at interface 69 Figure A.55 Tape wrin
37、kling 70 Table 1 Ageing temperatures . 19 Table 2 Cyclical and continuous procedures 30 60505 IEC:2011 5 INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION _ EVALUATION AND QUALIFICATION OF ELECTRICAL INSULATION SYSTEMS FOREWORD 1) The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) is a worldwide organizati
38、on for standardization comprising all national electrotechnical committees (IEC National Committees). The object of IEC is to promote international co-operation on all questions concerning standardization in the electrical and electronic fields. To this end and in addition to other activities, IEC p
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48、s. IEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. International Standard IEC 60505 has been prepared by IEC technical committee 112: Evaluation and qualification of electrical insulating materials and systems. This fourth edition cancels and replaces the third editi
49、on, published in 2004, and constitutes a technical revision. The main change with respect to the previous edition is that Annex A: Glossary is now available in an Internet version (http:/std.iec.ch/iec60505) as well as a hardcopy version. The internet version contains an abridged text version and a multimedia suppleme
