1、 INTERNATIONAL STANDARD IEC 60214-2First edition 2004-10Tap-changers Part 2: Application guide Reference number IEC 60214-2:2004(E) Publication numbering As from 1 January 1997 all IEC publications are issued with a designation in the 60000 series. For example, IEC 34-1 is now referred to as IEC 600
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7、 any questions regarding this publication or need further assistance, please contact the Customer Service Centre: Email: custserviec.ch Tel: +41 22 919 02 11 Fax: +41 22 919 03 00 INTERNATIONAL STANDARD IEC 60214-2First edition 2004-10Tap-changers Part 2: Application guide IEC 2004 Copyright - all r
8、ights reserved No part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from the publisher. International Electrotechnical Commission, 3, rue de Varemb, PO Box 131, CH-1211 Gen
9、eva 20, Switzerland Telephone: +41 22 919 02 11 Telefax: +41 22 919 03 00 E-mail: inmailiec.ch Web: www.iec.ch W For price, see current catalogue PRICE CODE Commission Electrotechnique Internationale International Electrotechnical Commission 2 60214-2 IEC:2004(E) CONTENTS FOREWORD.4 INTRODUCTION.6 1
10、 Scope.7 2 Normative references .7 3 Terms and definitions 7 4 Symbols and abbreviations.7 5 Types of tap-changer8 5.1 General .8 5.2 On-load tap-changers8 5.3 Off-circuit tap-changers.15 5.4 Liquid-immersed tap-changers 15 5.5 Dry-type tap-changers.16 5.6 Other types .17 5.7 Protective devices .18
11、6 Selection of tap-changers.21 6.1 General .21 6.2 On-load tap-changers22 6.3 Off-circuit tap-changers.27 7 Location of liquid-immersed tap-changers.29 7.1 Tap selectors 29 7.2 Diverter and selector switches.29 8 Fittings .29 8.1 Valves, air-release vents and liquid sampling devices .29 8.2 Liquid l
12、evel gauges .29 8.3 Low liquid level alarms 30 8.4 Nameplate and other plates.30 8.5 Devices to aid maintenance.30 8.6 Dehydrating breathers.30 9 Field service (operation, maintenance and monitoring) .30 9.1 Operation 30 9.2 Maintenance32 9.3 Monitoring in service .32 10 Information to be provided b
13、y the transformer manufacturer .34 10.1 Information required at the enquiry or order stage for an on-load tap-changer.34 10.2 Information required with enquiry or order for off-circuit tap-changers .36 10.3 Documentation 36 11 Protection and safety37 11.1 Protection37 11.2 Safety aspects.37 11.3 Imm
14、ersing medium 37 60214-2 IEC:2004(E) 3 Figure 1 External separate selector and diverter compartments (for mounting on the end or side of the transformer)9 Figure 2 External mounted selector switch tap-changer (for mounting on the end or side of the transformer).10 Figure 3 External mounted in-tank w
15、ith separate barrier board.10 Figure 4 In-tank separate selector and diverter switch .12 Figure 5 In-tank selector switch tap-changer13 4 60214-2 IEC:2004(E) INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION _ TAP-CHANGERS Part 2: Application guide FOREWORD 1) The International Electrotechnical Commission (
16、IEC) is a worldwide organization for standardization comprising all national electrotechnical committees (IEC National Committees). The object of IEC is to promote international co-operation on all questions concerning standardization in the electrical and electronic fields. To this end and in addit
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20、C National Committees. 3) IEC Publications have the form of recommendations for international use and are accepted by IEC National Committees in that sense. While all reasonable efforts are made to ensure that the technical content of IEC Publications is accurate, IEC cannot be held responsible for
21、the way in which they are used or for any misinterpretation by any end user. 4) In order to promote international uniformity, IEC National Committees undertake to apply IEC Publications transparently to the maximum extent possible in their national and regional publications. Any divergence between a
22、ny IEC Publication and the corresponding national or regional publication shall be clearly indicated in the latter. 5) IEC provides no marking procedure to indicate its approval and cannot be rendered responsible for any equipment declared to be in conformity with an IEC Publication. 6) All users sh
23、ould ensure that they have the latest edition of this publication. 7) No liability shall attach to IEC or its directors, employees, servants or agents including individual experts and members of its technical committees and IEC National Committees for any personal injury, property damage or other da
24、mage of any nature whatsoever, whether direct or indirect, or for costs (including legal fees) and expenses arising out of the publication, use of, or reliance upon, this IEC Publication or any other IEC Publications. 8) Attention is drawn to the Normative references cited in this publication. Use o
25、f the referenced publications is indispensable for the correct application of this publication. 9) Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this IEC Publication may be the subject of patent rights. IEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rig
26、hts. International Standard IEC 60214-2 has been prepared by IEC technical committee 14: Power transformers. This standard cancels and replaces IEC 60542 (1976) and its amendment 1 (1988). This first edition constitutes a technical revision of that standard. The text of this standard is based on the
27、 following documents: FDIS Report on voting 14/490/FDIS 14/492/RVD Full information on the voting for the approval of this standard can be found in the report on voting indicated in the above table. This publication has been drafted in accordance with the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2. 60214-2 IEC:2004
28、(E) 5 IEC 60214 consists of the following parts, under the general title Tap-changers: Part 1: Performance requirements and test methods Part 2: Application guide The committee has decided that the contents of this publication will remain unchanged until the maintenance result date indicated on the
29、IEC web site under “http:/webstore.iec.ch“ in the data related to the specific publication. At this date, the publication will be reconfirmed; withdrawn; replaced by a revised edition, or amended. A bilingual version of this publication may be issued at a later date. 6 60214-2 IEC:2004(E) INTRODUCTI
30、ON The recommendations in this application guide represent advice to the tap-changer manufacturer and purchaser. It is stressed that the responsibility for the correct application of the fully assembled tap- changers in connection with the transformer lies with the manufacturer of the transformer. 6
31、0214-2 IEC:2004(E) 7 TAP-CHANGERS Part 2: Application guide 1 Scope This part of IEC 60214 is intended to assist in the selection of tap-changers designed in accordance with IEC 60214-1 for use in conjunction with the tapped windings of transformers or reactors. It is also intended to assist in unde
32、rstanding the various types of tap-changers and their associated equipment available. The application guide covers on-load tap-changers (resistor and reactor types) and off-circuit tap-changers. 2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this d
33、ocument. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. IEC 60076-1:1993, Power transformers Part 1: General Amendment 1(1999) 1IEC 60076-3:2000, Power transformers Part 3: Insulation lev
34、els, dielectric tests and external clearances in air IEC 60076-5:2000, Power transformers Part 5: Ability to withstand short circuit IEC 60076-11:2004, Power transformers Dry-type transformers IEC 60214-1:2003, Tap-changers Part 1: Performance requirements and test methods IEC 60296:2003, Fluids for
35、 electrotechnical applications Unused mineral insulating oils for transformers and switchgear IEC 60354:1991, Loading guide for oil-immersed power transformers IEC 60599:1999, Mineral oil-impregnated electrical equipment in service Guide to the interpretation of dissolved and free gases analysis 3 T
36、erms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in IEC 60214-1 apply. 4 Symbols and abbreviations DGA Dissolved gas analysis HVDC High-voltage direct current PST Phase-shifting transformer _ 1There exists a consolidated edition 2.1 (2000) that includes edition
37、 2.0 and its amendment. 8 60214-2 IEC:2004(E) 5 Types of tap-changer 5.1 General Tap-changers are devices that will vary the turns ratio of a transformer and hence regulate the voltages of that transformer. Tap-changers that can perform this operation can broadly be divided into two fundamental type
38、s as follows: on-load tap-changers; off-circuit tap-changers. 5.2 On-load tap-changers 5.2.1 General The on-load tap-changer is designed to change tap position and hence vary the turns ratio of the transformer whilst it is both energized and on load. It performs this function without any interruptio
39、n of the supply. This is achieved with mechanically operated devices that will select the various tap positions and switch the load currents and step voltages. On-load tap-changing can be employed by using various switching principles. The two most common switching principles are: high-speed transit
40、ion resistor type switching; and transition reactor (preventive autotransformer) type switching. 5.2.2 Resistor-type on-load tap-changers 5.2.2.1 General Resistor-type on-load tap-changers can be divided into two distinctive types: external out-of-tank tap-changers (air environment), as described in
41、 5.2.2.2; in-tank tap-changers (liquid environment), as described in 5.2.2.3. The operating sequences of the different resistor type tap-changers are shown in IEC 60214-1, Table A.1. 5.2.2.2 External resistor-type on-load tap-changers 5.2.2.2.1 General These tap-changers are self-contained in their
42、own tanks (except dry-type tap-changers) and mounted on the side or end of the transformer. Four types of tap-changer arrangements are considered, all employing the high-speed transition resistor switching principle. 5.2.2.2.2 External separate selector and diverter compartments This type of tap-cha
43、nger has two separate compartments, one for the pre-selection of the transformer taps called the tap selector compartment and the other for the on-load switching called the diverter switch compartment. The two compartments have separate liquid chambers and both are isolated from the liquid in the ma
44、in transformer tank, although the tap selector compartment and the main tank may share the same conservator. The taps from the transformer are taken to the selector contacts through a liquid-tight barrier board. The tap selector compartment contains clean liquid enabling it to withstand the required
45、 higher voltages across the contacts. The diverter switch compartment isolates the carbonized liquid and gases. As can be seen from Figure 1, the tap-changer bolts on the side or end of the transformer. This arrangement is generally used for the larger MVA transformers. 60214-2 IEC:2004(E) 9 1 2 4 5
46、 6 3 IEC 1390/04 Key 1 Transformer windings 3 Liquid and gas tight barrier 5 Drive mechanism 2 Tap leads 4 Diverter switch compartment 6 Tap selector compartment Figure 1 External separate selector and diverter compartments (for mounting on the end or side of the transformer) The switching can be by
47、 arc extinction in the liquid or by vacuum interrupters/power electronics. 5.2.2.2.3 External mounted separate selector and diverter in single compartment This type of tap-changer uses separate selector and diverter contact systems in a similar way to the double compartment arrangement in 5.2.2.2.2
48、but combines them in a single compartment. The switching can be by arc extinction in the liquid or by vacuum interrupters/power electronics. 5.2.2.2.4 External mounted selector switch tap-changers Selector switch tap-changers are contained in a single compartment, normally bolted on the side or the
49、end of the transformer (see Figure 2). Again, the transformer taps are taken to the tap-changer contacts through a liquid-tight barrier board. The selection and switching are carried out using common contacts in the same liquid and chamber. These tap-changers tend to be used on the smaller MVA and voltage class transformers. 10 60214-2 IEC:2004(E) 1 2 4 5 3 IEC 1391/04 Key 1 Transformer windings 3 Li
