1、1阅读理解-主旨大意四1、 The meaning of silence varies among cultural groups. Silences may be thoughtful, or they may be empty when a person has nothing to say. A silence in a conversation may also show stubbornness, or worry. Silence may be viewed by some cultural groups as extremely uncomfortable; therefore
2、attempts may be made to fill every gap(间隙) with conversation. Persons in other cultural groups value silence and view it as necessary for understanding a persons needs. Many Native Americans value silence and feel it is a basic part of communicating among people, just as some traditional Chinese and
3、 Thai persons do. Therefore, when a person from one of these cultures is speaking and suddenly stops, what maybe implied(暗示) is that the person wants the listener to consider what has been said before continuing. In these cultures, silence is a call for reflection.Other cultures may use silence in o
4、ther ways, particularly when dealing with conflicts among people or in relationships of people with different amounts of power. For example, Russian, French, and Spanish persons may use silence to show agreement between parties about the topic under discussion. However, Mexicans may use silence when
5、 instructions are given by a person in authority rather than be rude to that person by arguing with him or her. In still another use, persons in Asian cultures may view silence as a sign of respect, particularly to an elder or a person in authority.Nurses and other care-givers need to be aware of th
6、e possible meanings of silence when they come across the personal anxiety their patients may be experiencing. Nurses should recognize their own personal and cultural construction of silence so that a patients silence is not interrupted too early or allowed to go on unnecessarily. A nurse who underst
7、ands the healing(治愈) value of silence can use this understanding to assist in the care of patients from their own and from other cultures.1.What does the author say about silence in conversations?2A.It implies anger.B.It promotes friendship.C.It is culture-specific.D.It is content-based.2.Which of t
8、he following people might regard silence as a call for careful thought?A.The Chinese.B.The French.C.The Mexicans.D.The Russians.3.What does the author advise nurses to do about silence?A.Let it continue as the patient pleases.B.Break it while treating patients.C.Evaluate its harm to patients.D.Make
9、use of its healing effects.4.What may be the best title for the text?A.Sound and SilenceB.What It Means to Be SilentC.Silence to Native AmericansD.Speech Is Silver; Silence Is Gold2、 Many Americans buy an evergreen tree for Christmas. They put the tree in their home and hang small lights and colorfu
10、l objects on it. The evergreen is usually a pine or a fir tree (冷杉树). It remains green during the cold, dark months of winter in the northern part of the world. So it is a sign of everlasting life.Early long ago Romans probably planted evergreen trees during a celebration in honor of their god of ag
11、riculture. The Christmas tree may have developed from a popular play performed hundreds of years ago in what is now Germany. Traditionally, the play was on December twenty-fourth, the day before Christmas. 3The play was about the first people that God createdAdam and Eve. People put apples on an eve
12、rgreen tree to represent the tree of knowledge in the Garden of Eden.By the year 1600, some Germans began bringing evergreen trees into their homes. They put fruit, nuts and sweets on the trees. They shared the food among family members and friends after the holiday season. Some people say the Germa
13、n religious reformer (改革者)Martin Luther was the first person to add lighted candles to a tree. They say he did this to show how wonderful the stars had appeared as he traveled one night.In the early 1800s, German settlers in the state of Pennsylvania were the first to celebrate the holiday with Chri
14、stmas trees in the United States. The Christmas tree tradition spread to many parts of the world. Today, some form of the Christmas tree is part of most Christmas celebrations.1.Why do people choose the evergreen tree for the Christmas tree?A.It can be put in the home easily.B.It can be found everyw
15、here in winter.C.Its convenient for people to put things on it.D.Its evergreen and considered to represent long life.2.What can we learn from the second paragraph?A.The Christmas tree dates back to ancient times.B.It was in a film that the Christmas tree was first used.C.Early Romans honored the god
16、 of agriculture with trees.D.The Christmas tree was regarded as the tree of knowledge.3.We can learn from the passage that _.A.German settlers celebrate the holiday with fir treesB.Germans would share the food on the trees at ChristmasC.many people in the world follow the Christmas tree traditionD.M
17、arlin Luther was the first person to decorate the Christmas tree4.Whats the best title of this passage?A.The long history of Christmas4B.The traditions behind the Christmas treeC.The use of evergreen trees during ChristmasD.Evergreen trees, the sign of everlasting life3、 Reading can be a social acti
18、vity. Think of the people who belong to book groups. They choose books to read and then meet to discuss them. Now, the website BookC turns the page on the traditional idea of a book group.Members go on the site and register the books they own and would like to share. BookCrossing provides an identif
19、ication number to stick inside the book. Then the person leaves it in a public place, hoping that the book will have an adventure, traveling far and wide with each new reader who finds it.Bruce Pederson, the managing director of BookCrossing, says, “The two things that change your life are the peopl
20、e you meet and books you read. BookCrossing combines both.”Members leave books on park benches and buses, in train stations and coffee shops. Whoever finds their book will go to the site and record where they found it.People who find a book can also leave a journal entry describing what they thought
21、 of it. E-mails are then sent to the BookCrossing to keep them updated about where their books have been found. Bruce peterson says the idea is for people not to be selfish by keeping a book to gather dust on a shelf at home.BookCrossing is part of a trend among people who want to get back to the “r
22、eal” and not the virtual(虚拟). The site now has more than one million members in more than one hundred thirty-five countries.1.Why does the author mention book groups in the first paragraph?A.To explain what they are.B.To introduce BookCrossing.C.To stress the importance of reading.D.To encourage rea
23、ders to share their ideas.2.What does the underlined word “it” in Paragraph 2 refer to?5A.The book.B.An adventure.C.A public place.D.The identification number.3.What will a BookCrosser do with a book after reading it?A.Meet other readers to discuss it.B.Keep it safe in his bookcase.C.Pass it on to a
24、nother reader.D.Mail it back to its owner.4.What is the best title for the text?A.Online Reading: A Virtual TourB.Electronic Books: A new TrendC.A Book Group Brings Tradition BackD.A Website Links People through Books4、Ease neck and shoulder pain at the officeIf you work in an office, keeping neck a
25、nd shoulder pain away may only take two minutes a day.A new study presented at the World Congress of the American College of Sports Medicine in Denver found that office workers doing two minutes of exercise a day reported lower levels of neck and shoulder pain after 10 weeks.The study by Danish rese
26、archers involved 198 office workers who had frequent neck and shoulder pain but were otherwise healthy. The workers did either a 2-minute or a 12-minute resistance exercise using elastic tubing. The exercise was a lateral raise, in which the upper arm is raised until it is horizontal and the arms ar
27、e 10 to 15 inches from the body, says Lars Andersen, the lead researcher.After 10 weeks, the workers who had performed two minutes of daily exercise reported on average a 1.4-point decrease in pain on a 10-point scale. Workers 6who did 12 minutes of daily exercise had an even lower level of pain, bu
28、t the difference was not very significant.Though the study may give new encouragement to workers to add even small amounts of exercise into their daily routines, the connection between lower levels of pain and exercise is well-documented, says Lynn Miller, a professor of physical therapy at Andrews
29、University in Berrien Springs, Mich., who was not involved in the study.Even short periods of exercise can help loosen up tight muscles and bring the body back into proper level, Miller says. Office-induced pain also can be reduced by making sure your workspace is set up properly.“For office workers
30、,usually posture is not good,“ Miller says. Arms are often forward for prolonged periods, and reading a computer screen tends to bring the head into a forward position.1.In which column of a newspaper could we find this passage?A.Entertainment.B.Sports.C.Business.D.Lifestyle.2.According to the passa
31、ge, where did the researchers come from?A.Germany.B.America.C.Denmark.D.Britain.3.The third paragraph mainly tells us _.A.the reason why the study was carried outB.the people who carried out the researchC.how the study was carried out in detailD.how to exercise every day4.Which of the following word
32、s best describes Lynn Millers attitude towards the study result?7A.Supportive.B.Negative.C.Shocked.D.Doubtful.5、 The Intelligent Transport team at Newcastle University have turned an electric car into a mobile laboratory named “DriveLAB” in order to understand the challenges faced by older drivers a
33、nd to discover where the key stress points are.Research shows that giving up driving is one of the key reasons for a fall in health and well-being among older people, leading to them becoming more isolated(隔绝) and inactive.Led by Professor Phil Blythe, the Newcastle team are developing in-vehicle te
34、chnologies for older drivers which they hope could help them to continue driving into later life.These include custom-made navigation(导航) tools, night vision systems and intelligent speed adaptations. Phil Blythe explains: “For many older people, particularly those living alone or in the country, dr
35、iving is important for preserving their independence, giving them the freedom to get out and about without having to rely on others.”“But we all have to accept that as we get older our reactions slow down and this often results in people avoiding any potentially challenging driving conditions and lo
36、sing confidence in their driving skills. The result is that people stop driving before they really need to.“Dr Amy Guo, the leading researcher on the older driver study, explains, “The Drive LAB is helping us to understand what the key points and difficulties are for older drivers and how we might u
37、se technology to address these problems.“For example, most of us would expect older drivers always go slower than everyone else but surprisingly, we found that in 30mph zones they struggled to keep at a constant speed and so were more likely to break the speed limit and 8be at risk of getting fined.
38、 Were looking at the benefits of systems which control their speed as a way of preventing that.“We hope that our work will help with technological solutions(解决方案) to ensure that older drivers stay safer behind the wheel.”1.What is the purpose of the Drive LAB?A.To explore new means of transport.B.To
39、 design new types of cars.C.To find out older drivers problems.D.To teach people traffic rules.2.Why is driving important for older people according to Phil Blythe?A.It keeps them independent.B.It helps them save time.C.It builds up their strength.D.It cures their mental illnesses.3.What do research
40、ers hope to do for older drivers?A.Improve their driving skills.B.Develop driver-assist technologles.C.Provide tips on repairing their cars.D.Organize regular physical checkups.4.What is the best title for the text?A.A new Model Electric CarB.A Solution to Traffic ProblemsC.Driving Services for Elde
41、rsD.Keeping Older Drivers on the Road6、 Family. Its just a six-letter word; but to me, it is a word full of emotion and meaning. From the moment I was bom,my parents showered me with love, and I cant ask for anything better than that.As I grow older, the definition of family continues to change. The
42、 definition of the word family, in the dictionary, is a group of people related 9by blood. When I was living in the Philippines, this definition was true. I was always surrounded by immediate relatives; every day, someone was always dropping by around the house, even just for a quick greeting. Now h
43、ere in the U.S., most of my cousins and relatives are in different states. However, I have found a family in people that are not related to nie by blood, like my best friend and her family, who I consider as the extension of my family. They are now the ones I see everyday.I have also learned that on
44、e can have different types of families. My volleyball team is a group of people I consider as family because during each season, they are the ones that I am around constantly, that I rely on to give support, and that give a helping hand when I need. I like to think that my classmates are another typ
45、e of family. They help me on both school work and homework and explain concepts that seem foreign to me.Everything starts with the support from my parents. They are the ones who encourage me to meet new people, who drive me to all my games and practices, and who inspire me to try new things. Without
46、 my family, and my “extended families“, I dont know where I would be. I am truly blessed.1.What does the underlined part in the first paragraph mean?A.I have no right to get better things.B.Love is the best thing I want to get.C.I can ask for anything but that.D.I can get nothing but love.2.From the
47、 second paragraph, we can infer that _.A.the writer isnt used to living in the USAB.the writer was probably bom in the PhilippinesC.the family definition in the dictionary isnt trueD.extended families refer to ones related by blood3.For the writer, the extended family includes the following EXCEPT _
48、.A.good friendsB.classmates10C.brothers and sistersD.the volleyball team4.What is the writers attitude towards the family and extended families?A.Interested.B.Thankful.C.Serious.D.Positive.5.Whats the best title of the text?A.The Definition of FamilyB.The Effects of FamilyC.A Six-Letter WordD.My Fam
49、ilyMy Home答案以及解析1答案及解析：答案：1.C; 2.A; 3.D; 4.B解析：1.本文是一篇说明文,主要介绍了沉默在不同文化背景下的不同内涵。在有些时候,人们利用沉默来解决人们之间的冲突,而在有些时候沉默则被认为表示顽固或者是担忧。细节理解题。根据文章首段首句 The meaning of silence varies among cultural groups可知,作者认为沉默是有文化特性的。故选 C。2.细节理解题。根据第二段中 what may be implied is that the person wants the listener to consider what has been said before continuing 可知中国人认为谈话时人们的沉默是在思考谈话内容。故选 A。3.细节理解题。根据末段末句 A nurse who understands the healing value of silence can use this understanding to assist in the care of patients 可知,作者建议护士要利用沉默的好处来护理病人。故选 D 。4.主旨要义题。文章主要介绍了在不同文化
