1、1（12）阅读理解 词义猜测四1、What is it that makes people laugh? More than two thousand years ago the ancient Greek philosopher Aristotle defined (定义) jokes as the pleasure that results from a feeling of triumph(胜利) by showing were better than someone else in a certain way. According to Aristotle and many other
2、 philosophers,all jokes depend mainly on showing inferiority in another person or group of personsthat is,putting it clearly,on showing that they are worse off than ourselves. Jokes raise our good opinion of ourselves at someone elses expense.Showing how much better than other people we are is only
3、one reason we like jokes. Someone may also use a joke to express their anger or their cruelty or any other kind of action that is not acceptable to us. We feel free to laugh when we hear about someone sliding on a banana skin. The joke lets us express those attitudes which are usually unacceptable t
4、o society. This is probably the reason why some of the jokes,especially those involving cruelty,are so popular with certain people.Besides,all jokes depend on our enjoyment of laughing at something that is strange and out of place because its different from things which are happening around it. The
5、same situation can be either sad or pleasant,depending entirely on how strange and out of place it is. If a girl in a bathing suit falls into a swimming pool,we dont laugh because nothing unusual has happened. But if a man in a smart suit falls in,the situation is at once unusual in a pleasant way a
6、nd we laugh. A good joke-teller will always try to build up a situation in which one thing is expected until something unexpected suddenly happens,and so we laugh.1.According to Aristotle,all jokes depend mainly on _.A.showing inferiority in another person or groupB.resulting in a sense of successC.
7、having a good opinion of other peopleD.making people laugh unexpectedly2.The underlined word “inferiority”(in Paragraph 1) means _.A.something that is not as good as something elseB.something that is better than something elseC.someone that is not as good as someone elseD.someone that is better than
8、 someone else3.Whats the main idea of Paragraph 2?2A.Showing we are better than other people is the only one reason we like jokes.B.When people are angry,they would like to hear jokes.C.People who like jokes are usually cruel.D.To express those attitudes usually unacceptable to society is one of the
9、 reasons we like jokes.4.What will a good joke teller always try to do?2、 An elephant in a South Korean zoo is using his trunk to pick up not only food, but also human vocabulary.An international team of scientists confirmed on Friday what Everland Zoo has been saying for years: Their 5.5-ton tusker
10、 Koshik has an unusual and possibly unprecedented talent.The 22-year-old Asian elephant can reproduce five Korean words by tucking his trunk inside his mouth to modulate sound, the scientists said in a joint paperpublished online in Current Biology. They said he may have started imitating human spee
11、ch because he was lonely.Koshik can reproduce “annyeong”(hello),“anja” (sit down),“ aniya ( no),“ nuwo (lie down) and joa“(good) , the paper says.One of the researchers said there is no conclusive evidence that Koshik understands the sounds he makes, although the elephant does respond to words like
12、“anja.“Researchers said the clearest scientific evidence that Koshik is deliberately imitating human speech is that the sound frequency of his words matches that of his trainers.Vocal imitation of other species has been found in mockingbirds, parrots and mynahs. But the paper says Koshiks case repre
13、sents “ a wholly novel method of vocal production“ because he uses his trunk to reproduce human speech.Researchers believe Koshik learned to reproduce words out of a desire to bond with his trainers after he was separated from two other elephants at age 5.Koshik emerged as a star among animal enthus
14、iasts and children in South Korea after Everland Zoo claimed in 2006 that he could imitate words, two years after his trainers noticed the phenomenon. His growing reputation prompted Austrian biologist Angela Stoeger- Horwath and German biophysicist Daniel Mietchen to study him in 2010, zoo official
15、s said.3Kim Jong-gab, Koshiks chief trainer, said the elephant was timid for a male when he first came to Everland Zoo, so trainers often slept in the same area with him. Kim thinks that contact helped Koshik feel closer to humans.Kim said he has another expression he wants to teach Koshik: “Sarangh
16、ae” or “I love you“.1.According to the passage, what is the possible reason why Koshik imitates human speech?A.He feels very lonely.B.He earns money for his zoo.C.He has a gift for speech.D.He wants to make his trainer happy.2.Koshik can reproduce the following words EXCEPT _.A.annyeongB.nuwoC.Saran
17、ghaeD.joa3.From the passage, we can know that _.A.Koshik began to imitate human speech in 2006B.Koshik is a 22-year-old Asian female elephantC.Kim Jong-gab is the manager of Everland ZooD.Koshik is a star in animal enthusiasts and kids in South Korea4.The underlined word “prompted“ in the passage pr
18、obably means _.A.causedB.expandedC.developedD.changed3、Dear Alcohol,Youve been around forever. I can remember all the pain youve caused for me.Do you remember the night when you almost took my fathers life? I do. He loves you. Sometimes I think he loves you more than he loves me. Hes addicted to you
19、, to the way you promise to rid him of his problems only to cause more of them. You just sat back and laughed as his car went spinning through the street, crashing into two other cars. He wasnt the only one hurt by you that night.4Do you remember the night of my first high school party? You were the
20、re. My friends were intrigued by you. They treated you as if they were never going to see you again, drinking all of you that they could. I spent two hours that night helping my friends who had fallen completely. “Im so embarrassed,” they said as I patted them on the back so that they could vomit(呕吐
21、). “Im sorry,” they said when I called taxies for them, walking them out and paying the drivers in advance. “This wont happen again,” they said as they were sent to the hospital to have their stomachs pumped. Two 15-year-old girls slept in hospital beds that night thanks to you.Do you remember the n
22、ight when you took advantage of my 17-year-old neighbor who had to drive to pick up his sister from her dance lessons? Do you know how we all felt when he hit another car and killed the two people in the other car? He died the next morning too. His sister walked home from her dance lesson, and passe
23、d police cars and a crowd of people gathering on the sidewalk just two blocks away from the dance studio. She didnt realize her brother was in the midst of it at all. She never saw him again. And its all your fault.I wish youd walk out of my life forever. I dont want anything to do with you. Look at
24、 all the pain youve caused. Sure, youve made people happy too from time to time. But the damage youve caused in the lives of millions is inexcusable. Stop luring(引诱) the people I love. Stop hurting me, please!Sincerely,Anonymous1.What is authors purpose in writing to alcohol?A.To introduce Mr. Alcoh
25、ol to the readers.B.To describe the harm alcohol did to his family.C.To show how much alcohol can hurt people.D.To tell people three sad stories about alcohol.2.What did alcohol do to the authors father that night?A.It made him drunk and took his life away.B.It got him into trouble and got his stoma
26、ch pumped.C.It made him kill two other people when driving.D.It got him into a car accident and badly injured.3.The underlined phrase “were intrigued by” in Paragraph 3 is closest in meaning to “_”.A.were familiar withB.were interested in5C.were disappointed byD.were satisfied with4.What is the tone
27、 of the article?A.Critical.B.Doubtful.C.Unconcerned.D.Humorous.4、 These days, drugs can be found everywhere, and it may seem like everyones doing them. Lots of people are tempted(引诱) by the excitement or escape that drugs seem to offer. But learning the facts about drugs can help you see the risks o
28、f chasing this excitement or escape. Heres what you need to know.How do drugs work? Drugs are chemicals or substances that change the way our bodies work. When you put them into your body (often by swallowing, breathing in. or injecting them), drugs find their way into your bloodstream and are trans
29、ported(运输)to parts of your body,such as your brain. In the brain, drugs may either strengthen or dull (使迟钝) your senses, change your sense of alertness(机敏),and sometimes decrease physical pain.A drug may be helpful or harmful. The effects of drugs can vary depending upon the kind of drug taken, how
30、much is taken, how often it is used, how quickly it gets to the brain, and what other drugs, food, or substances are taken at the same time. Effects can also vary based on the differences in body size, shape, and chemistry.Although substances can feel good at first, they can eventually do a lot of h
31、arm to the body and brain. Drinking alcohol, smoking tobacco, taking illegal drugs, and sniffing glue can all cause serious damage to the human body. Some drugs seriously weaken a person s ability to make healthy choices and decisions. Teens who drink, for example,are more likely to get involved in(
32、卷入,陷入) dangerous situations,such as driving at top speed under the influence or having unprotected sex.1.The underlined word “chasing” in the first paragraph most probably means _.A.removingB.seekingC.keeping6D.holding2.Drugs get into ones body through the following ways EXCEPT _.A.eatingB.breathing
33、C.feelingD.injecting3.Effects that drugs have on the body depend on _.A.the amount of themB.the frequency of themC.the kind of themD.all of the above4.According to the passage,the author _.A.supports the idea of taking drugsB.offers the idea of taking drugsC.opposes the idea of taking drugsD.refuses
34、 the idea of taking drugs5、 Good for your health? Socialising with your friends could bum more calories than running on a treadmill (跑步机). Socialising keeps you slim.Keeping a busy social life among lots of friends may keep people slimmer than spending hours on a treadmill, according to scientists.
35、They say that socialising and meeting with friends help high levels of “brown fat” in the body bum calories to generate heat. Living in a stimulating social environment was found to reduce abdominal fat in mice by half over four weeks, even if they ate more.U. S. researchers say that social stimulat
36、ion aids weight loss by converting white fat into brown. White stores calories andmakes us fatter, while brown bums energy to generate heat. Converting white fat into brown is notoriously difficult, normally requiring long term exposure to cold conditions or activating part of the bodys nervous syst
37、em.However, scientists from Ohio State University now think that having a busy social life is an even more effective way of changing white fat into brown. The team came up with their theory by studying the effects of various living environments on mice. Those who lived alongside a greater number of
38、mice, had more space and toys to stimulate them to lose far more weight over the course of the study than their “couch potato“ counterparts.7Study author Dr. Matthew During, whose teams findings appear in journal Cell Metabolism said,“Im still amazed at the degree of fat loss that occurs. ” Explaini
39、ng how new technology had threatened face-to-face socialising,he added,“Its not just a sedentary (久坐的) lifestyle and high calorie foods,but an increasing lack of social engagement.Co-author Dr. Lei Cao said, “ Loneliness is a profound factor for cancer and death; its on par with cigarette smoking. S
40、ocial engagement is very important.“1.In order to keep a charming feature, its better to _.A.live sociallyB.run on a treadmillC.eat lessD.expose to coldness2.Couch potato counterparts refer to _.A.a greater number of miceB.more space and toysC.those with more weightD.changing white fat to brown3.Wha
41、t do the underlined words “on par with“ in Paragraph 6 mean?A.More than.B.Less than.C.At the same level as.D.At higher level than.4.What is the main idea of the passage?A.Socialising keeps you slim.B.Running on a treadmill keeps you slim.C.Turning white fat into brown.D.Living often with mice.6、 Int
42、egrity is the quality of being honest and strong about what you believe to be right. The concept of integrity has played a key role in moral philosophy throughout history and is promoted in all societies because of its importance to social relations. Individual integrity is vital to society, one tha
43、t enables people to make use of their capacity for critical reflection, does not force people to take up particular roles and does not encourage individuals 8to betray each other. Besides, societies can be favorable to the development of individual integrity.Individual integrity can lift up the spir
44、its of the entire society. It can shape the lives of people living in a particular society, the lives of all fellow people and, in its broadest sense, even the destiny(命运) of a nation. By contrast, if those living in the society are corrupt(道德败坏的), it could have bad effects, jeopardizing the healthy
45、 morality of the society.On the other hand, a society can be favorable to the development of individual integrity. Society expects and requires integrity. A society consisting of people of integrity, and people who never compromise on their principles, could have a positive mark on the personal deve
46、lopment of its members. Being a part of such a morally lively community could serve as a basis for absorbing traits of good character. This could be of a distinct advantage to any individuals in the society.However, some social structures are of the wrong sort for some individuals to pursue integrit
47、y. If that is the case, we have to ask questions about the moral nature of society first before raising questions about individual integrity. Questions about integrity may turn out to be about what kind of society it is, rather than about the relationship between individual interests and characteris
48、tics of a society. The pursuit of adequate individual integrity often depends, not so much on understanding who one is and what one believes and is committed to, but rather understanding what ones society is and imagining what it could be.Under no circumstances can we underestimate the importance of
49、 human integrity in a society. People, who are honest, trustworthy, compassionate and caring, are the decisive factors in the growth of individuals as well as the development of a society.1.Individual integrity has been valued in society because _.A.it helps develop philosophyB.it is the basis of critical thinkingC.it is important to social relationsD.it ensures peoples particular roles2.The underlined word “jeopardizing” in Paragraph 2 probably means _
