1、1阅读理解+七选五.阅读理解AOnNovember7，LewisPughcompletedaonekilometerswiminthefreezingwatersofKingEdwardCove，offSouthGeorgiainAntarctica.Hewaswearingonlyhisswimmingglasses，capandspeedos!Pughisanadvocateforouroceansandseas，workingtoprotecttheseecosystemwiththeirlargediversityofmarine(海洋的) life.Whenaskedwhyhedoe
2、sntwearawetsuit，Lewissays， “Iaskworldleaderstodoeverythingtheycantoprotectouroceans.Sometimesthestepstheyneedtotakearedifficultandunpopular.IfImaskingthemtobecourageous，Imustalsobe.Swimminginawetsuitwouldnotsendtherightmessage.”IttookPughabout19minutestocompletetheonekilometerswiminAntarcticawhereth
3、ewateraveragedabout1.6degreesCelsius(摄氏度)Hesaysthathisbodycanonlytolerateabout20minutesinthefreezingwatersbeforeitstartsshuttingdown.Asheswims，hisbodytemperaturesteadilydrops，whichinturncauseshismuscle(肌肉) controltodrop，slowinghimdown.Whenheisdonewithhisswim，hissupportteamrusheshimtoahotshoweranditt
4、akesalmostanhourforhisbodytemperaturetoreturntonormal.DoctorsandPughcautionthatonemustreceivemonthsoftrainingtoswiminsuchcoldwaters.Evenexpertswimmerswhoareunusedtofreezingwatercandrownwithinminutesbecauseofthephysicalshockexperiencedbythebody.Pughsayshetrainedforsixmonthsbeforethisswim.Thisisnotthe
5、firsttimethatLewishasswumindangerousconditions.In2007，heswamonekilometerintheNorthPoletodrawattentiontothemeltingArcticiceduetoclimatechange.In2015，heswamintheBayofWhalesinAntarcticasRossSeaaspartofhissuccessfulcampaigntohelpsetupamarinereservethere.1WhydidLewisPughswimwithoutawetsuit?AToswimfaster.
6、BToshowhisbravery.CTobuilduphisbody.2DTowinpublicattention.2Whatdoestheunderlinedword“it”inParagraph3referto?AHisbody.BThewater.CHisbodytemperature.DThewatertemperature.3WhatsPughsadviceaboutswimminginfreezingwaters?AOnemustbefullyprepared.BOneshouldbeexpertatswimming.COneshouldbereadytotakeonchalle
7、nges.DOnemustbeusedtolongdistanceswimming.4Whatmaybethebesttitleforthetext?ALewisPugh：SwimmingforaCauseBHowtoSurviveaSwiminColdWatersCHowtoPrepareforExtremeSwimmingDLewisPugh：AchievingtheImpossibleBPeopletypicallywashtheirhandsseveraltimesadayintheUnitedStates，buttheydoitatafarhighertemperaturethani
8、snecessarytokillgerms，anewstudysays.Theenergywasteisequivalenttothefueluseofasmallcountry.AmandaRCarrico，aresearchassistantprofessorattheVanderbiltInstituteforEnergyandEnvironmentinTennessee，toldNationalGeographicthathandwashingisoften“acasewherepeopleactinwaysthattheythinkareintheirbestinterest，but
9、theyinfacthaveinaccuratebeliefsoroutdatedperceptions.”Carricosaid， “Itscertainlytruethatheatkillsbacteria，butifyouweregoingtousehotwatertokillthemitwouldhavetobeawaytoohotforyoutotolerate.”Carricosaidthatafterareviewofthescientificliterature，herteamfound“noevidencethatusinghotwaterthatapersoncouldst
10、andwouldhaveanybenefitinkillingbacteria.”Evenwaterascoldas40F(4.4C) 3appearedtoreducebacteriaaswellashotterwater，ifhandswerescrubbed，rinsed(冲洗) anddriedproperly.Usinghotwatertowashhandsisthereforeunnecessary，aswellaswasteful，Carricosaid，particularlywhenitcomestotheenvironment.Accordingtoherresearch，
11、peopleusewarmorhotwater64percentofthetimewhentheywashtheirhands.Usingthatnumber，Carricosteamcalculatedasignificantimpactontheplanet.“Althoughthechoiceofwatertemperatureduringasinglehandwashmayappearunimportant，whenmultipliedbythenearly800billionhandwashesperformedbyAmericanseachyear，thispracticeresu
12、ltsinmorethan6millionmetrictonsofCO2equivalentemissionsannually，”shesaid.TheresearcherspublishedtheirresultsintheJuly2013issueofInternationalJournalofConsumerStudies.Theyrecommendedwashingwithwaterthatisata“comfortable”temperature，whichtheynotedmaybewarmerincoldmonthsandcoolerinhotones.5Whatsthemean
13、ingofwhatCarricotoldNationalGeographicinthesecondparagraph?APeoplearemoreconcernedabouttheirhealthandbegintowashtheirhands.BItsimportantforpeopletowashtheirhandstokeephealthy.CGenerally，peopleshandwashingbehaviorsandperceptionsarenotcorrect.DPeoplelikewashingtheirhandsverymuch.6Thefiguresinthesixthp
14、aragraphareusedtoshowthat.AusinghotwatertowashhandshasabadinfluenceonourplanetBairpollutionhasbecomemoreandmoreseriousCusinghotwatertowashhandsisawasteofenergyDpeopleshouldpaymoreattentiontotheenvironmentaroundus7Thispassageisorganizedinthepatternof.AfactandopinionBcauseandeffectCdefinitionandclassi
15、ficationDtimeandevents8Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?AItsnecessaryandusefulforpeopletowashtheirhandsfrequentlyeveryday.4BWecanwashourhandswithwaterthatisata“comfortable”temperature.CUsingcoldwatertowashhandsisnecessaryandmuchhealthier.DHotwatercantkillgerms.C(2018黑龙江齐齐哈尔二模)Shesatatthepicnictablealone
16、.Recess(休息) wasinfullswing.Sheremainedawkwardaroundherclassmates.Sheseemedunsureofwhattodoorsay，yetIcouldseehereyeslongingforacceptance.Manystudentshadalreadydecidedthatherfriendshipwouldnotbeworththeenergyrequiredtoovercometheawkwardness.Othersteasedher.Mostignoredherexceptforone.Brianna，theclasscl
17、own，wasmakingtheotherstudentslaugh，asusual.“Brianna，doyouseeMollydownthere？Wouldyoumindwalkingdownthereandinvitinghertocomeupherewiththerestofus？”Briannasighed.IcouldtellshedidntwanttosacrificepreciousminutesofherownrecesstodowhatIwasaskingofher，butIalsoknewherheart.Sheoftenthoughtofothersbeforehers
18、elfararecharacterforanyone，muchlessakid.Knowingthischoicewashardforher，IpulledoutaDbuck，ourclasscurrency.Thoughbribery(行贿) wasnottheidealwaytohandlethissituation，Ineededhercooperation.“Here，Illpayyouforyourtime.”Sheofferedaninsinceresmile，graspedthegreenpaper，andheadeddownthehill.Astherestofthechild
19、renscreamedandlaughed，myeyeslockedonBriannaasshenearedthepicnictable.Mollycouldbedifficult，andIwouldnthavebeensurprisedifshesentBriannabackalone，refusingherinvitation.Whensheencouragedherselftoastandingposition，Isighedwithrelief.Aminutelater，Ifeltataponmyshoulder.“Here，Mrs.D.”ShehandedmetheDbuck.“Wh
20、y？”Iasked.“Ishouldntkeepthis.”Hereyesfelltoherfeet，guiltradiatingfromherquietvoice.“IdontwantMollytothinkIonlywenttogethersoIcouldearnabuck.Shesmyfriend.”Amomentlater，theywerealllaughingagain，andwhoshouldIseeamongthem，laughingf5orthefirsttimethatweek？Molly.9Accordingtotheauthor，whatwasMollylike?AShe
21、ignoredthejokesfromotherkids.BShefeltawkwardatbeingteased.CShedesiredtobeacceptedbyotherkids.DShehadnoenergytomakefriends.10HowdidtheauthorfeelasBriannawalkedtoMolly?AWorried. BSatisfied.CExcited. DConfused.11WhatwasthepurposeofBriannasreturningtheDbucktotheauthor?AToavoidlosingitoneday.BTogetapuref
22、riendshipwithMolly.CTobribeherteacher.DToescapefrombeingscoldedbyherteacher.七选五Inaworldsurroundedbybadnews，itmayfeellikeanunhappyplacesometimes.12Ifyoumakeevenonepersonsmiletoday，youcanhelpmakethisworldabetterplace.Hereisalistofideastohelpyou.13InthisdayandagewhereeverythingissentviatheInternet，itsa
23、shocktoreceivealetterthroughthepost.Puttingpentopaperandwritingafewwordstoafriendcanbeaneasywaytomakeapositiveimpact.Requiringsometimeandresearchtofindtheperfectproject，volunteeringisoneofthenicestthingsyoucando.Whetheryouvolunteeratyourlocalyouthgrouportakedogsfromsheltersforawalk，thesimplefactthat
24、youaregivingyourtimetohelpsomeoneelseisincredible.Therearesomanyopportunities.14Tellsomeone“Iloveyou”Itcanbeanyone.15Perhapsyoucantellafriendthatyouappreciatealltheyaretoyou，orremindyourmumthatitsherbirthday.Sometimes，inourbusylivesweforgettotakeamomenttotellpeoplewhattheymeantous.16Whetheryou6recre
25、ativeornot，takingtimetomakesomethingforsomeoneelseshowshowmuchyouappreciatethem.Evenifyouthinkyourenotcreative，therecipientwillfeelluckytogetsuchauniquegiftthatyouputyourprecioustimeinto.Someideascouldincludeacard，painting，drawing，song，poemorcake!AHowever，youcanmakeadifference.BItsasurprisetosendaha
26、ndwrittenletter.CAndyoudontevenhavetosay“Iloveyou” DSoyouaresuretofindonethatisrightforyou.EAnditdoesntnecessarilyhavetotakeupallyourlife.FMakingsomethingforaspecialpersonisalwaysunique.GEvenapostcardwithacoupleofsentencescouldreallymakesomeonesday.7答案解析.语篇解读 这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了 Lewis Pugh 为了呼吁政府采取措施保护海洋而
27、在平均水温仅有 16C的极地海洋不穿防寒泳衣游泳的勇敢事迹。1B 推理判断题。根据第二段中的“I ask world leaders to do everything they can to protect our oceans.Sometimes the steps they need to take are difficult and unpopular.If Im asking them to be courageous， I must also be.Swimming in a wetsuit would not send the right message.”可知，他不穿防寒泳衣是为
28、了展示他的勇敢，故选 B。2A 词义猜测题。上文是他在冰水里游泳身体只能忍受 20分钟，下文中提到他游泳时体温在慢慢下降，肌肉控制力也在下降，可推测出此处的 it指的是 his body，故选 A。3A 推理判断题。根据第四段中的“Doctors and Pugh caution that one must receive months of training to swim in such cold waters.”可知，一个人要想在冰冷的水里游泳必须得训练很长时间才可以，即要做足准备工作才行，故选 A。4A 标题归纳题。文章主要讲述的是 Pugh为保护海洋而在极寒的水里游泳，他用实际行动去
29、展示他保护海洋的决心和勇气，由此可知 A项是最佳标题。语篇解读 本文是一篇研究报告。热水洗手是不是能杀死更多的细菌？研究证明并非如此，而且还产生了更多的二氧化碳。5C 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“but they in fact have inaccurate beliefs or outdated perceptions.”的转折可知，一般来讲，人们洗手的观念和行为都是不太正确的或者过时的，故选 C。6A 推理判断题。根据第五段最后一句“Using that number，Carricos team calculated a significant impact on the planet.
30、”可知，本句承上启下，再根据第六段内容可知引用的那些数字就是为了证明用热水洗手对地球带来的消极影响，故选 A。7A 篇章结构题。通过对文章的整体理解，尤其是第六段可知，本文主要是通过列举事实，同时表达作者自己的观点的方式进行行文的，故选 A。8B 推理判断题。根据最后一段最后一句“They recommended washing with water 8that is at a comfortable temperature，which they noted may be warmer in cold months and cooler in hot ones.”可知，我们洗手用舒适温度的水即
31、可，不必太热，也不必太凉，故选 B。语篇解读 本文是一篇记叙文。莫莉渴望被同学接受，但多数的学生都直接无视她，所以作者让布丽安娜去邀请她，并给她 Dbuck作为回报。布丽安娜照作者的话去做了，但是把 Dbuck还给了作者。因为布丽安娜想和莫莉建立纯洁的友谊，不想让她误会自己去邀请她的诚意。9C 细节理解题。根据第一段中的“She seemed unsure of what to do or say，yet I could see her eyes longing for acceptance.”可知，Molly 渴望自己被别人接受。故选C。10A 推理判断题。根据第七段“As the rest
32、 of the children screamed and laughed，my eyes locked on Brianna as she neared the picnic table.Molly could be difficult，and I wouldnt have been surprised if she sent Brianna back alone，refusing her invitation.”可知，当布丽安娜走向莫莉时，作者很是担心。故选A。11B 推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中的“I dont want Molly to think I only went to get
33、 her so I could earn a buck.Shes my friend.”可知，布丽安娜归还 Dbuck给作者是为了和莫莉建立纯洁的友谊。故选 B。.语 篇 解 读 本 文 向 大 家 介 绍 了 几 种 帮 助 我 们 让 别 人 快 乐 的 方 法 。12A 第一段第一句“在一个被坏消息包围的世界里，有时可能感觉这个世界像一个不快乐的地方。 ”呈现了消极的一面，而第二段第一句“如果你今天让一个人微笑，那么你就可以使这个世界变成一个更好的地方”则开始转入话题，因此设空处应该是转折并引出话题。因此 A项切题。13B 根据下一句中的“its a shock to receive a
34、 letter through the post(在当今社会从邮局收到一封信会使人很震惊。) ”可知本段主题是手写一封信邮寄。因此 B项最能概括本段主旨。14D 根据上句“There are so many opportunities(有很多机会) ”，可知，D 项(所以你一定会找到适合你的)符合题意。15C 本段的中心句是“Tell someone I love you(告诉某个人“我爱你”)” ，只有 C项“And you dont even have to say I love you(甚至你没必要说“我爱你”) ”切题。16F 根据空后的“Whether youre creative or not，taking time to make 9something for someone else shows how much you appreciate them(无论你是否有创意，花点时间为某个人做些小东西，来表示你对他的感激。) ”可知本段主要介绍的是为他人做些东西。故 F项最能概括该段主旨。
