1、1十、词句猜测句意理解题(2017浙江，A)Benjamin West，the father of American painting，showed his talent for art when he was only six years of age.But he did not know about brushes before a visitor told him he needed one.In those days，a brush was made from camels hair.There were no camels nearby.Benjamin decided that
2、cat hair would work instead.He cut some fur from the family cat to make a brush.The brush did not last long.Soon Benjamin needed more fur.Before long，the cat began to look ragged(蓬乱的).His father said that the cat must be sick.Benjamin was forced to admit what he had been doing.The cats lot was about
3、 to improve.That year，one of Benjamins cousins，Mr Pennington，came to visit.He was impressed with Benjamins drawings.When he went home，he sent Benjamin a box of paint and some brushes.He also sent six engravings(版画) by an artist.These were the first pictures and first real paint and brushes Benjamin
4、had ever seen.In 1747，when Benjamin was nine years old，Mr Pennington returned for another visit.He was amazed at what Benjamin had done with his gift.He asked Benjamins parents if he might take the boy back to Philadelphia for a visit.In the city，Mr Pennington gave Benjamin materials for creating oi
5、l paintings.The boy began a landscape(风景) painting.William Williams，a well-known painter，came to see him work.Williams was impressed with Benjamin and gave him two classic books on painting to take home.The books were long and dull.Benjamin could read only a little，having been a poor student.But he
6、later said， “Those two books were my companions by day，and under my pillow at night.” While it is likely that he understood very little of the books，they were his introduction to classical paintings.The nine-year-old boy decided then that he would be an artist.语篇解读 本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了美国著名艺术家本杰明韦斯特是如何开始他的
7、艺术生涯的。221.What is the text mainly about?A.Benjamins visit to Philadelphia.B.Williams influence on Benjamin.C.The beginning of Benjamins life as an artist.D.The friendship between Benjamin and Pennington.答案 C解析 主旨大意题。文章从本杰明在六岁时自制画笔作画写起，到后来利用专业工具作画，再到知名画家送给本杰明书籍，都是在讲述本杰明是如何一步步走上艺术之路的，故选 C。22.What does
8、 the underlined sentence in Paragraph 3 suggest?A.The cat would be closely watched.B.The cat would get some medical care.C.Benjamin would leave his home shortly.D.Benjamin would have real brushes soon.答案 D解析 句意理解题。由前文可知，本杰明在没有专业画笔之前是用猫的毛制作画笔的。画线句的字面意思是“猫的命运将会得到改善” 。由该段后文可知，本杰明的表兄送给了他专业的颜料和画笔。由此可推知 D
9、项与画线句的意思相符。23.What did Pennington do to help Benjamin develop his talent?A.He took him to see painting exhibitions.B.He provided him with painting materials.C.He sent him to a school in Philadelphia.D.He taught him how to make engravings.答案 B解析 细节理解题。短文第四段提到“He was amazed at what Benjamin had done w
10、ith his gift.”，接着下一段又谈到“.Mr Pennington gave Benjamin materials for creating oil paintings.”，由此可知，潘宁顿送给本杰明绘画材料来帮助他发展艺术才能，故选 B项。24.Williams two books helped Benjamin to .A.master the use of paintsB.appreciate landscape paintingsC.get to know other paintersD.make up his mind to be a painter答案 D解析 细节理解题
11、。由文章最后两句“While it is likely that he understood very 3little of the books，they were his introduction to classical paintings.The nine-year-old boy decided then that he would be an artist.”可知，这两本书是他通往古典绘画的入门教程，也帮助他下定决心成为一名画家，故选 D项。一、题型解读记叙文、说明文和议论文中可能会考查句意理解题。要求考生用合适的语句解释一个具有概括性的句子或格言、谚语。设问形式常有：(1)The
12、underlined sentence in the first/second/.paragraph means “ ”.(2)Which of the following best explains the underlined sentence in the first/second/.paragraph?二、解题技巧“意义吻合”定句意一 定 位二 分 析三 归 纳例如：【真题感悟】中第 22题：第一步：速读文章，找出文章中与画线句子相关的句子(1)Before long，the cat began to look ragged(蓬乱的).(2)When he went home，he s
13、ent Benjamin a box of paint and some brushes.第二步：对比信息句、画线句和选项，确定答案画线句上一段讲到为了制作画笔本杰明剪猫的毛使猫“破相” ，接下来讲到堂兄给他送来了颜料和画笔使猫的命运得到改善，隐含着“本杰明将得到真正的画笔” 。由此可推知 D项与画线句的意思相符。AWhat do you do if you dont get into your first choice of university？Thats the dilemma(困境) that faces thousands of British students every year
14、.Many candidates turn to Clearing，the service that helps find university places for students at the last moment.If they dont have the marks to get into their first choice of institution，Clearing tells them about places available at other universities，though they might have to read another subject.4B
15、ut this year has seen a record number of people applying to university.This，combined with the weak economy，an uncertain job market and budget cuts at universities，means that theres been even more of a scramble for places than usual.Some sources say six students have applied for each remaining underg
16、raduate university place.The British University Admissions Service，UCAS，says up to a quarter of this years university applicantsalmost 190,000 peoplestill dont have a place on a degree course.Thats a rise of over 46,000 students from last year.Faced with these figures，some British students might be
17、thinking of an interesting alternative：studying abroad.The University of Nottingham，for example，is offering places at its campuses in Ningbo，near Shanghai，and Kuala Lumpur，Malaysia.Students here can gain University of Nottingham degrees in business，accounting，engineering and English.Similarly，the Un
18、iversity of Bolton says it has “unlimited” places at its campus in the United Arab Emirates.Given the problems getting into university，the UKs Higher Education Minister，David Willetts，encourages students who havent made the grade to consider alternatives to university，such as apprenticeships and stu
19、dying at home.“There are a range of options available， ” he says.“People are able to reapply.They should think how they can spend their year adding that bit to their CV，which would help their applicationgetting practical work experience or extra skillsanything that strengthens their chances next yea
20、r.”But some experts say that rising university costs，poor long-term job prospects，and a drop in graduate recruitment mean its the worst time to be a university student in the UK.1.When the author says “theres been even more of a scramble for places”(Para.3)，he means .A.more people have applied to un
21、iversityB.there is more competition between the candidatesC.there are more services that help find university placesD.more places are available答案 B解析 句意理解题。根据第三段最后一句“Some sources say six students have applied 5for each remaining undergraduate university place.”可知，每个名额都有 6个学生申请，可见竞争非常激烈，故选 B。2.Accord
22、ing to UCAS，there are about university applicants this year.A.190,000 B.46,000C.236,000 D.760,000答案 D解析 数字计算题。由第四段中的“UCAS，says up to a quarter of this years university applicantsalmost 190,000 peoplestill dont have a place on a degree course.”可知，190 000人是今年大学申请者的四分之一，因此今年大学申请者的数量是 190 0004760 000 人，
23、故选 D。3.David Willetts encourages students faced with the lack of places on a degree course .A.to consider apprenticeships and studying at homeB.to study at campus outside the UKC.to ask Clearing for helpD.not to go to university in the UK答案 A解析 细节理解题。根据第六段中的“David Willetts，encourages students who ha
24、vent made the grade to consider alternatives to university，such as apprenticeships and studying at home”可知，David Willetts鼓励分数不够上大学的学生考虑其他选择，例如去做学徒或是在家学习，故选 A。4.Which of the following is NOT the reason that may make this year the worst time to enter university?A.It costs more to study at university.B
25、.Long-term job prospects are worse.C.Universities offer places in other countries.D.There are fewer chances to do graduate study.答案 C解析 细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“rising university costs，poor long-term job prospects，and a drop in graduate recruitment mean its the worst time to be a university student in the UK.
26、”可知，A、B、D 三项都是造成这一年学生们最难进入大学的原因。由第五段可知 C项是解决这一问题的方法而非原因。故选 C。5.According to the passage，what can students do if they dont get into their 6first choice of university?A.They can go to work in Clearing.B.They can get practical work experience or skills and reapply next year.C.They can spend the year wr
27、iting a better CV.D.They do graduate study at home.答案 B解析 细节理解题。根据第七段中的“People are able to reapply.which would help their applicationgetting practical work experience or extra skills”可知，未能如愿申请入学的学生应尽可能利用这一年做一些能帮助他们申请的事情，即取得实际的工作经验或技能，明年再重新申请，故选 B。BThe public has voted the X-ray machine as the best i
28、nvention.Out of nearly 50,000 votes cast，one in five people named it for having made the greatest impact on the past，present and future.Ten of the most significant objects in science， engineering，technology and medicine were selected for the vote.Information on all the items is found at the Science
29、Museum in London.The first three positions were filled by medical inventions or discoveries，the X-ray machine being followed by the discoveries of penicillin and the DNA double helix(螺旋) structure.X-rays provided the first possibility of looking inside someones body without cutting them opena massiv
30、e medical advance.The particular X-ray machine in questionthe Reynolds machine in the Museums Making the Modern World Gallerywas a “do-it-yourself” experiment by a father and his son who were so inspired by news of the discovery of the X-ray that they set about building the equipment in their own ho
31、me.Museum curator(馆长) Katie Maggs said.“Its very inspirational to young scientists to learn that an invention now declared the most important in world history could be pioneered by enthusiastic amateur inventors.”Professor Andy Adam，president of the Royal College of Radiologists，was delighted to lea
32、rn of the result.He said that the X-ray machine had revolutionized medical practice and that the technology had now advanced so much that we are reaching the era of the “transparent patient”.7Culture Secretary Ben Bradshaw said， “Any competition that pits the Apollo 10 spacecraft against Stephensons
33、 Rocket，and the DNA double helix against the Model T Ford，is bound to provide many talking points.”“The publics choice of the X-ray machine as the winner is a proof to our greedy curiosity to find out how things work.”The poll(投票) was conducted as part of the Science Museums events to mark its cente
34、nary(百年庆典).The 10 objects form a special Centenary Journey trail through the museum galleries.6.Which of the following are the top three among inventions or discoveries?A.X-ray machine， Apollo 10 capsule and steam engine.B.X-ray machine，DNA double helix structure and penicillin.C.Stephensons Rocket，
35、penicillin and the Model T Ford.D.Stephensons Rocket， Apollo 10 capsule and V2 Rocket Engine.答案 B解析 细节理解题。根据第三段“The first three positions were filled by medical inventions or discoveries，the X-ray machine being followed by the discoveries of penicillin and the DNA double helix(螺旋) structure.”可知 B项正确
36、。7.Which of the following is TRUE about the X-ray machine in the Gallery?A.It was made by the Reynolds Machine Company.B.It was a product directed by great scientists.C.It was built by a father and his son in their own home.D.It was small in size and advanced in technology.答案 C解析 细节理解题。由第五段内容可知，一对父子
37、在自己的家里造出了 X光机，故选 C。8.From the underlined part in Para.8，we know Professor Andy Adam means .A.the X-ray machine has greatly improved medical practiceB.the patients are all transparent in the eyes of doctorsC.with the help of the X-ray machine，everything is transparentD.there is no need to cut someone
38、s body open during operations now答案 A解析 句意理解题。由第八段内容可知，由于 X射线可以透视人体，因此人类已经进入了“透明病人”时代，即病人身体哪儿有病，都能用 X光机看到，这是医疗史上的巨大进步，故选 A。89.Which of the following can be the best title of the passage?A.Top Ten Inventions of This CenturyB.The Most Important DiscoveriesC.What Makes Patients TransparentD.X-ray Machi
39、neTop Scientific Invention答案 D解析 标题归纳题。根据本文中心句第一句以及全文内容可知，该篇文章主要讲述了 X光机被人们选为最好的发明，因此 D项作为文章标题最合适，故选 D。10.This passage is most probably taken from .A.a science fiction B.a school textbookC.a news journal D.a medicine magazine答案 C解析 文章出处题。从内容来看，本文是在报道一件事，因此它属于新闻性质的文章，故选C。题型组合练(十三).单项填空1.To our great s
40、urprise，the little girl from the countryside because of her excellent English and quick wit after several rounds of competition.A.stood out B.picked outC.turned out D.came out答案 A解析 句意为：让我们吃惊的是，这个来自乡下的小女孩凭借出色的英语和敏捷的反应，在几轮比赛后便脱颖而出。stand out突出；pick out挑出；turn out结果是；come out出现，出版，结果是。故选 A。2.There is g
41、rowing concern among the parents using computers to write articles has a bad effect on childrens handwriting.A.what B.that C.why D.when答案 B解析 句意为：家长们越来越担心，用电脑写文章会对孩子的书写产生不良影响。空格后的句子内容是对前面名词 concern的具体说明，且句意完整不缺成分，应用 that引导同位语从句。故选 B。93.We have seen many wonderful strategies for the peace-loving peop
42、le， China is bringing in solving the complicated problems.A.who B.where C.which D.when答案 C解析 句意为：我们已经看到中国正在为爱好和平的人民带来许多解决复杂问题的良策。分析句子结构可知，此处是非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词 strategies，关系词在从句中作宾语，应用 which，故选 C。4.Having wrestled with his for a whole night，the young man decided to go to the police station to confess hi
43、s crime.A.conscience B.requestC.privilege D.appetite答案 A解析 句意为：经过一整夜的良心挣扎，这个年轻人决定去公安局坦白自己的罪行。conscience道德心，良心；request 请求，需要；privilege 特权，优待；appetite 食欲，嗜好。故选 A。5.The economy of the country began to years after the big earthquake broke out.A.recycle B.recoverC.count D.combine答案 B解析 句意为：在那场大地震爆发后的几年里，
44、这个国家的经济开始复苏。recycle 重复利用，循环；recover 恢复，复原；count 计数，有价值；combine 联合，结合。这里的recover是熟词新义，表示“从不愉快的事情中复原或恢复常态”的意思。故选 B。6.On Teachers Day，we all went to school to see our teachers.A.especially B.speciallyC.particularly D.attentively答案 B解析 句意为：教师节那天，我们专程到学校去看望老师。specially 特别地，专门地，强调为了某一目的，符合题意。7.The news th
45、at some provinces are going to cancel their independent colleges in 2018 ，so situation will change.A.have been confirmed B.is confirmingC.has been confirmed D.is being confirmed10答案 C解析 句意为：部分省份打算在 2018年取消三本院校的消息已经得到证实，因此情况要有变化。由句意可知 confirm的动作已经发生，应该用现在完成时强调过去的动作对现在的影响；又因 news与 confirm之间是被动关系，应用被动语
46、态，故选 C。8.The Chinese government has been pushing various effective reforms all its citizens.A.in charge of B.for the purpose ofC.in honor of D.for the benefit of答案 D解析 句意为：为了所有公民的利益，中国政府一直在推行各种有效的改革。in charge of掌管，负责；for the purpose of为了(目的)；in honor of为了纪念；for the benefit of为了的利益。故选 D。9.How did you
47、 get the information，Helen? ，but Im not sure whether it is true or not.A.Dont put on the dogB.A little bird told meC.Let the cat out of the bagD.Im all ears答案 B解析 句意为：你是怎么得到信息的，海伦？听别人说的，但我不能确定这是真的还是假的。Dont put on the dog 不要摆架子；A little bird told me 听别人说的；Let the cat out of the bag泄露秘密；Im all ears 洗耳
48、恭听。故选 B。10.Some subjects，such as math，physics and English，are for the senior high school students in China but some of them are unwilling to learn English.A.comparable B.compulsoryC.considerable D.complex答案 B解析 句意为：一些学科，如数学、物理和英语，是中国高中生的必修课，但有些学生不愿意学英语。comparable 可比较的，比得上的；compulsory 义务的，必修的，被强制的；co
49、nsiderable相当大的，重要的，值得考虑的；complex 复杂的。故选 B。.完形填空(2018河东区一模)11He was 11 years old and went fishing every chance he got from the dock at his familys cabin on an island in the middle of a New Hampshire lake.On the day before the bass season opened，he and his father were fishing early in the evening， 11 sunfish and perch with worms.Then he tied on a small lure and practiced casting.The lure 12 the water and caused colored ripples (涟漪，细浪) in the sunset，th
